Desempenho de um sistema de resfriamento evaporativo em instalações para suínos em fase de terminação

The thermal environment inside of a finishing phase swine barn has great influence on the success of swine production. This environment can be characterized by the black globe temperature and humidity index (BGHI), that represents the air temperature, humidity, wind speed and radiation. Due to the small number of Brazilian reports on this specific subject, this experiment was performed to verify the effect of one kind of evaporative cooling system on the thermal comfort of the animal in a swine barn, during the 98/99 summer at Patos de Minas, MG, Brazil. Two constructions were used, divided in 36 barns, each one with 15 animals, 110 to 150 days old. Along a side of one barn, four cooling devices were installed, with a ventilation system connected to a sprayer, to form an evaporative cooling system (ECS). The other barn did not have any cooling system being a control unity (COS). The ECS provided an improvement of the environmental thermal conditions, reducing the index of black globe temperature and humidity inside the building, from 83.5 to 82.4, during the critical period of the day (2 p.m.). The ECS provided also an improvement of the food conversion, from 3.27 to 2.88, and a tendency of a substantial weight gain, from 0.97 to 1.02 kg per day.O ambiente térmico no interior das instalações para suínos em fase de terminação tem importância vital para o sucesso da atividade suinícula. Esse ambiente pode ser representado pelo índice de temperatura de globo e umidade (ITGU), que inclui a temperatura, a umidade relativa e a velocidade do ar, e a radiação. Baseado nisto foi desenvolvido um trabalho com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de um sistema de resfriamento evaporativo no conforto térmico de instalações para suínos em fase de terminação. O experimento foi realizado no período de verão (98/99) no município de Patos de Minas, MG. Foram utilizadas duas instalações divididas em 36 baias. Em cada baia foram alojados 15 animais por um período de 40 dias, com idade média inicial de 110 dias. Na lateral de uma instalação foram instalados quatro equipamentos de resfriamento composto de sistema de ventilação e nebulização, tendo-se o tratamento com resfriamento evaporativo (TRE); na outra instalação não foram utilizados equipamentos de resfriamento, tendo-se o tratamento testemunha (TES). O TRE proporcionou melhoria das condições térmicas ambientais, reduzindo o índice de temperatura de globo e umidade, no período crítico do dia (14h00), de 83,5 para 82,4, no interior da instalação. O TRE também proporcionou melhoria na conversão alimentar dos animais, de 3,27 para 2,88, e uma tendência de maior ganho de peso dos mesmos, de 0,97 para 1,02 kg por dia

Sistemas de resfriamento evaporativo e o desempenho de frangos de corte

As condições térmicas no interior de instalações para frangos de corte tem importância vital para o sucesso desta atividade. Desta forma, deve-se buscar o conforto térmico para as aves com o mínimo custo em materiais, equipamentos e energia. Baseado nisto foi desenvolvido um trabalho com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de três sistemas de resfriamento evaporativo no desempenho de frangos de corte. Para isso, utilizou-se um galpão dividido em quatro partes nas quais foram instaladas os tratamentos: ventilador associado a nebulização (VNB), ventilador de alta rotação associado a nebulização (VNA), nebulização (NEB) e nebulização acoplada ao ventilador (NEV). Foi registrado o consumo de ração, o ganho de peso e a mortalidade, obtendo-se assim a conversão alimentar. Os sistemas de resfriamento evaporativo (VNA e VNB) proporcionaram os melhores resultados com os maiores valores de ganho de peso por ave e os menores valores de conversão alimentar e mortalidade. Resultados menos satisfatórios foram observados no NEV, com os menores valores de ganho de peso por ave e maiores valores de conversão alimentar e mortalidade.The thermal conditions inside poultry houses are very important for the success of this business. It is however necessary to have an adequate animal thermal confort and a minimum cost of material, equipment and energy. This experiment was carried to verify the effect of evaporative cooling systems on the performance of poultry. The building was divided in four equal sectors. The treatments consisted of ventilator and spraying system (VNB), high rotation ventilator and spraying system (VNA), spraying system (NEB), and spraying system connected to the ventilator (NEV). Feed intake, weight gain, mortality of poultry were recorded and the food conversion calculated. It is shown the evaporative cooling systems (VNA e VNB) presented the best results, increasing weight gain with lower values of food conversion and mortalily. The worst results were found for the spraying system connected to the ventilator (NEV)

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit

The Federal University of Viçosa pre-retiring people profile and positioning in their daily reality – Viçosa, MG

O aumento do número de indivíduos que estão se aposentando, associado a uma esperança de vida cada vez mais longa, tem levado a uma preocupação mais intensa com a questão do desligamento laboral. Na tentativa de amenizar os conflitos que surgem no momento da aposentadoria, muitas organizações estão optando pela implantação dos Programas de Preparação para a Aposentadoria – os PPAs. Contudo, tais iniciativas costumam enfrentar resistências dos trabalhadores que se originam, em geral, dos próprios conflitos vivenciados nesse período. Em virtude de não haver, por parte dos servidores da UFV, que estão para se aposentar, uma participação mais efetiva no PPA-UFV, considerou-se necessário ampliar o conhecimento sobre essa problemática, visando buscar respostas que possam proporcionar subsídios às políticas relacionadas à aposentadoria e à 3a Idade. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se caracterizar o indivíduo pré-aposentado da UFV quanto à sua realidade pessoal, familiar, profissional e social, bem como identificar suas expectativas e representações ligadas à aposentadoria, à velhice e ao processo de envelhecimento. Trabalhou-se com uma amostra de 50 indivíduos, divididos em 25 docentes e 25 funcionários. Para análise das representações, foram selecionados, dentro dessa amostra, 10 professores e 10 funcionários, divididos igualmente entre homens e mulheres. Os dados, analisados por meio da estatística descritiva, indicaram que, com relação ao perfil pessoal e familiar dos entrevistados, mantiveram-se as diferenças esperadas no tocante às categorias de docentes e funcionários, principalmente no que se referia à renda e escolaridade. Quando foram analisadas as expectativas dos entrevistados em termos de planos para depois da aposentadoria ou de preparação para tal, verificou-se que a aposentadoria não era vista por eles como um assunto com que devessem se preocupar no momento, justificado por várias respostas do tipo ainda não pensei na aposentadoria ou não pretendo me aposentar agora. A maior parte dos servidores pretendia, depois de se aposentar, dedicar-se a alguma atividade, principalmente remunerada, existindo também o interesse, sobretudo do público feminino, de se dedicar ao voluntariado. Não foi demonstrado, por parte deles, um interesse em se preparar para a aposentadoria, principalmente porque percebiam essa preparação apenas pelo lado financeiro. No balanço entre ganhos e perdas advindos da aposentadoria, os entrevistados imaginavam que teriam ganhos de tempo e de renda após o desligamento laboral, conjugados com “hipotéticas” perdas salariais e sociais. Os resultados confirmaram o que já tinha sido percebido pelos coordenadores do PPA–U FV, com relação ao quase desconhecimento, pelos entrevistados, do programa de preparação para a aposentadoria e sobre o baixo interesse em participar dele, com a ressalva de que as mulheres e os funcionários se sentiam mais inclinados em fazê-lo. A análise das representações dos entrevistados sobre aposentadoria permitiu identificar que esta é, para eles, o encerramento de um trabalho e o momento de se iniciar em outro, que deverá ser, preferencialmente, remunerado, o que excluía o trabalho doméstico. A visão de aposentado que os servidores tinham estava permeada pelas representações negativas existentes em nossa sociedade. Essa visão negativa também se aplica ao velho e à velhice, sendo esta vista como um período triste da vida. É importante ressaltar que essa imagem, assim como a do aposentado, refere-se ao Outro. No caso dos entrevistados, apesar de assumirem que estavam envelhecendo, não se sentiam velhos, pois possuíam um espírito jovem. Da mesma forma, acreditavam que, ao exercer outro trabalho, não mereceriam ser chamados de aposentados. As análises permitiram entender o porquê de não haver, por parte dos pré-aposentados da UFV, interesse em planejar suas aposentadorias, pois, por não desejarem ser vistos como aposentados, esperavam que a aposentadoria não fosse mais do que o encerramento do trabalho na UFV e o reinício de outro, mantendo, assim, o seu valor numa sociedade que valoriza aquele que é produtivo.The increase in the number of people who are retiring, associated to the hope of a longer life, has brought a more intense worry about the labor disconnection question. In a try to ease the conflicts which appear in the retirement moment, many organizations are opting for implanting the Programs of Retirement Preparation – the PRPs. However, these have faced a little resistance from the workers, which are originated, in general, by the conflicts lived in this period. Due to not having, on the worker’s behalf, a more effective participation in the PRP-UFV, it was considered necessary to broaden the knowledge about this problem, in order to find answers that could bring about an assistance to the politics related to retirement and old age. Considering this, there was an objective of characterizing the UFV pre-retired individual, in terms of his personal, familiar and professional reality, as well as identifying his expectations and representations connected to his retirement, old age, and aging process. The work was done with a 50-individual-sample, divided in 25 professors and 25 workers. For the representations analyses, 10 professors and 10 workers were selected, divided equally in men and women. The data analyzed by means of descriptive statistic, showed that, in relation to the personal and familiar profile of the ones interviewed, the expected differences concerning the professors and workers categories, mainly in what referred to the income and educational level, were maintained. When the interviewed expectations in terms of plans for after the retirement or the preparation for it were analyzed, it was seen that the retirement was not viewed by them as a subject which they should worry about at the moment, justified by many answers such as “I still have not though about it” or “I do not intend to retire now”. Most workers intended to, after retirement, dedicate themselves to some activity, mainly remunerated, also being an interest, specially by the female public, to turn to volunteering. It was not shown by them an interest to prepare for retirement, specially because they perceived this preparation only on the financial side. In the balance between gains and losses coming from retirement, the interviewed imagined that they would have time and income gains after the labor disconnecting, conjugated to “hypothetical” social and salary losses. The results found by the research confirmed what had already been perceived by the PRP-UFV coordinators, in relation to the almost ignorance, by the interviewed, of the retirement preparation program and of the low interest in participating of it, being the women and the workers most inclined to participate. The interviewed representations analyzes about the retirement permitted identify that this is, foe them, the finishing of a work and the moment to start another one, that should preferably be remunerated, and that does not include housework. The retired image that the workers had was permeated by the negative representations existing in our society. This negative image also applied to the old and old age, seen as a sad period of life. It is important to give prominence that this image, as well as that of the retired one, refers to the Other. Considering the interviewed ones, although they assumed that they were aging, they did not consider themselves old, for they had a young spirit. Likewise, they believed that, doing another job, they did not deserve to be called retired. The analyzes permitted us to understand why there was not, on behalf of the UFV pre-retired ones, an interest in planning their retirements, because, as they did not want to be seen as retired persons, they expected that the retirement was not more than the finishing of work at UFV and the beginning of another, keeping their value in a society which values those who are productive

Representações sociais dos servidores pré-aposentados da ufv, mg

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Perfomance of an evaporative cooling system of a finishing phase swine barn Desempenho de um sistema de resfriamento evaporativo em instalações para suínos em fase de terminação

The thermal environment inside of a finishing phase swine barn has great influence on the success of swine production. This environment can be characterized by the black globe temperature and humidity index (BGHI), that represents the air temperature, humidity, wind speed and radiation. Due to the small number of Brazilian reports on this specific subject, this experiment was performed to verify the effect of one kind of evaporative cooling system on the thermal comfort of the animal in a swine barn, during the 98/99 summer at Patos de Minas, MG, Brazil. Two constructions were used, divided in 36 barns, each one with 15 animals, 110 to 150 days old. Along a side of one barn, four cooling devices were installed, with a ventilation system connected to a sprayer, to form an evaporative cooling system (ECS). The other barn did not have any cooling system being a control unity (COS). The ECS provided an improvement of the environmental thermal conditions, reducing the index of black globe temperature and humidity inside the building, from 83.5 to 82.4, during the critical period of the day (2 p.m.). The ECS provided also an improvement of the food conversion, from 3.27 to 2.88, and a tendency of a substantial weight gain, from 0.97 to 1.02 kg per day.<br>O ambiente térmico no interior das instalações para suínos em fase de terminação tem importância vital para o sucesso da atividade suinícula. Esse ambiente pode ser representado pelo índice de temperatura de globo e umidade (ITGU), que inclui a temperatura, a umidade relativa e a velocidade do ar, e a radiação. Baseado nisto foi desenvolvido um trabalho com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de um sistema de resfriamento evaporativo no conforto térmico de instalações para suínos em fase de terminação. O experimento foi realizado no período de verão (98/99) no município de Patos de Minas, MG. Foram utilizadas duas instalações divididas em 36 baias. Em cada baia foram alojados 15 animais por um período de 40 dias, com idade média inicial de 110 dias. Na lateral de uma instalação foram instalados quatro equipamentos de resfriamento composto de sistema de ventilação e nebulização, tendo-se o tratamento com resfriamento evaporativo (TRE); na outra instalação não foram utilizados equipamentos de resfriamento, tendo-se o tratamento testemunha (TES). O TRE proporcionou melhoria das condições térmicas ambientais, reduzindo o índice de temperatura de globo e umidade, no período crítico do dia (14h00), de 83,5 para 82,4, no interior da instalação. O TRE também proporcionou melhoria na conversão alimentar dos animais, de 3,27 para 2,88, e uma tendência de maior ganho de peso dos mesmos, de 0,97 para 1,02 kg por dia

Trichobius longipes (Diptera, Streblidae) as a parasite of Phyllostomus hastatus(Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae)

Among the factors that influence the diversity of ectoparasites on bat hosts are the kind of roost and the host's social behavior. Other factors such as sex, reproductive condition and host size may influence the distribution and abundance of ectoparasites. The aim of the present study was to analyze the variation in Streblidae ectoparasites on the bat Phyllostomus hastatus, according to sex and roost type. We caught bats in four houses on Marambaia Island, municipality of Mangaratiba, and in one house at the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, municipality of Seropédica. We caught 65 females and 50 males of P. hastatus and 664 streblids of four species: Aspidoptera phyllostomatis, Strebla consocia, Trichobius“dugesii” complex and Trichobius longipes. The species T. longipes accounted for more than 99% of all the ectoparasites caught. Female bats were more parasitized than males, in terms of both prevalence and average intensity. The total number of parasites did not vary between resident and non-resident bats. The relationship between the number of individuals of T. longipes and sex and roost type was significant for resident bats. The total number of parasites on males did not differ between bachelor roosts and mixed-sex roosts. The differences found between roosts reflected the differences between the sexes

Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development

Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background: Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods: We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5-19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI &lt;18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For school-aged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI &lt;2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI &gt;2 SD above the median). Findings: From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation: The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesity. Funding: UK Medical Research Council, UK Research and Innovation (Research England), UK Research and Innovation (Innovate UK), and European Union