86 research outputs found
A Concerted Action of Engrailed and Gooseberry-Neuro in Neuroblast 6-4 Is Triggering the Formation of Embryonic Posterior Commissure Bundles
One challenging question in neurogenesis concerns the identification of cues that trigger axonal growth and pathfinding to form stereotypic neuronal networks during the construction of a nervous system. Here, we show that in Drosophila, Engrailed (EN) and Gooseberry-Neuro (GsbN) act together as cofactors to build the posterior commissures (PCs), which shapes the ventral nerve cord. Indeed, we show that these two proteins are acting together in axon growth and midline crossing, and that this concerted action occurs at early development, in neuroblasts. More precisely, we identified that their expressions in NB 6-4 are necessary and sufficient to trigger the formation of the PCs, demonstrating that segmentation genes such as EN and GsbN play a crucial role in the determination of NB 6-4 in a way that will later influence growth and guidance of all the axons that form the PCs. We also demonstrate a more specific function of GsbN in differentiated neurons, leading to fasciculations between axons, which might be required to obtain PC mature axon bundles
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Helicobacter pylori: What May Be the Relationship?
Relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is controversial. We aimed to review the possible relationship between H. pylori infection and GERD. Epidemiological data indicate an inverse relationship between frequency of H. pylori infection and prevalence of GERD and its complications like Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. H. pylori eradication in patients with peptic ulcer disease may be associated with increased risk of development of GERD compared with untreated patients. Infection with cagA bearing strains of H. pylori was associated with less severe GERD including endoscopic esophagitis, possibly due to pangastritis leading to hypochlorhydria. Recent studies on inflammatory markers (IL-1ÎČ and IL-1RN) suggest pro-inflammatory genotypes to be protective against development of severe GERD, especially in patients with H. pylori infection. Identification of candidate genes playing an important role in gastric acid secretion and visceral hypersensitivity to the esophageal epithelium might help in early detection of individuals susceptible to develop GERD. Interplay between H. pylori and host factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of GERD
Ethical awareness in systems development. A case study of the system developerÂŽs responsibility in system development projects
MÄnga yrken sÄ som lÀkare och psykologer har en lÄng historia av yrkesutövande. Det lÄnga yrkesutövandet har Àven resulterat i att professionen bildat egna, yrkesetiska riktlinjer. IT-branschen som ses som en relativt ung och nÄgot omogen bransch har Ànnu inte nÄgra tydliga och konkreta riktlinjer för etik och moral. Det gÀller dÄ att skapa diskussioner angÄende etiskt handlande för att bÄde öka den etiska medvetenheten men samtidigt stadga riktlinjer. Utvecklingen av IT-branschen gÄr idag raskt framÄt och denna utveckling medför förÀndring för branschen men Àven för miljön och samhÀllet. Syftet med studien Àr att utifrÄn ett ansvarsperspektiv utreda systemutvecklarens etiska medvetenhet för att dÀrigenom kunna ge ett kunskapsbidrag till diskussionen om systemutvecklarens utbildning och yrkesroll. Vi stÀller oss dÀrför följande frÄga: Vilka etiska aspekter kan förbÀttra systemutvecklarens utbildning och yrkesroll?
För att besvara frĂ„gan sĂ„ har vi utfört en fallstudie dĂ€r vi genomgick ett skarpt systemutvecklingsprojekt för att först testa vĂ„r egna etiska medvetenhet och samtidigt undersöka vilka etiska dilemman en systemutvecklare kan stĂ€llas inför. Vi utförde sedan intervjuer med erfarna systemutvecklare för att ge en kontrast mot oerfarenhet och erfarenhet nĂ€r det kommer till etisk medvetenhet. Undersökning skedde med hjĂ€lp av etiska teorier. Hela studien har utförts med en kvalitativ ansats för att fĂ„ en djupare insikt i forskningsomrĂ„det. Det vi kom fram till i studien var att det inte Ă€r den etiska medvetenheten som spelar sĂ„ stor roll, utan förmĂ„gan att bemöta de etiska dilemman som kan uppstĂ„. De aspekter som visade sig vara av betydelse för detta var; etiska riktlinjer, monetĂ€ra drivkrafter, ansvar samt pĂ„verkningsmöjlighet.Many professions, such as doctors and psychologists, have a long history of work practice which have resulted that these professions have created their own ethical guidelines. The IT profession, which can be viewed as a relative young and somewhat immature profession, have yet to accommodate any clear guidelines regarding ethics. Itâs therefore imperative to create discussions regarding ethical actions to raise the ethical awareness and also create ethical guidelines. The development of the IT profession is moving forward at a quick pace and itâs important to understand that this rapid advancement is not only changing the profession but also changing the society and the environment. The purpose of this study is, from a responsibility aspect, to investigate the system developerâs ethical awareness and trough that be able to contribute to the discussion regarding the system developerâs education and profession. To make this contribution we are therefore asking us the following question: Which ethical aspect can help to enhance the system developerâs education and profession?
To answer this question we performed a case study where we underwent a live systems development projects. The reason we did this was to test our own ethical awareness and ethical knowledge and also to investigate the kind of ethical dilemmas a system developer can come to face in the profession. Later we made interviews with both experienced and inexperienced system developerâs to be able to present a contrast regarding experienced and inexperienced developers related to ethical awareness. The research was made with ethical theories. For this study we used a qualitative approach in order to get a deeper and richer insight in the research subject. The outcome of the study showed that it wasnât the ethical awareness that played the most important role, but instead the ability respond to the ethical dilemmas that can arise in the IT profession. The aspects that was of most importance was: ethical guidelines, monetary impulsions, responsibility and the ability to influence.
Keywords: Ethics, systems development, responsibility, ethical awareness, systems development project
Modelling Gene Expression during Ontogenetic Differentiation
Various types of recurrent neural networks have been used as models for the regulatory relationships between genes. The neural network is trained on the data from micro-array techniques, each gene corresponds to a neuron in the network. The data from the micro-array technologies has numerous genes, but usually involves few samples, this makes the network heavily under-determined. In this work we will propose a method that can cope with the poorness of the data. We will use a Hopfield-type neural network to model the ontogenetic differentiation of female honeybees. A method that identifies the genes that determine the castes is proposed
Vibration Monitoring of Fortumâs Hydroelectric Power Plants
VibrationsmĂ€tning Ă€r inget nytt fenomen men mĂ„nga företag anser sig Ă€ndĂ„ skeptiskatill den abstrakta metoden. Samma skepticism finns inte vid ett lĂ€karbesök dĂ€r doktornlyssnar efter oljud med sitt stetoskop, Ă€ndĂ„ Ă€r likheterna slĂ„ende. Med dagens teknikĂ€r det möjligt att diagnostisera en maskins olika bestĂ„ndsdelar efter skador genom attanalysera det unika vibrationsmönster de bidrar med. Detta arbete syftar att minska denna barriĂ€r med hjĂ€lp av en introduktion till de olikabegrepp och val som finns inom vibrationsteknisk analys som hjĂ€lpmedel för underhĂ„ll.Slutligen presenteras en implementeringsmall dĂ€r ekonomi och tillgĂ€nglighet anses varamest vitala inför framtida beslut.Even though vibration measurement is not a new phenomenon, many businesses stillremain sceptical towards the somewhat abstract method. Same scepticism does not existwhen you visit the doctor and he uses his stethoscope to listen after abnormalities inthe sound pattern, even though the similarities are striking. With todays technology it ispossible to diagnose a machineâs different parts in search for damages by analysing theunique vibrationpatterns they provide. This study aims to close this gap with the help off an introduction to the different termsand choices that exist in vibration analysis as a tool in preventive maintenance and finallyto present guidelines for implementation where economy and availability is consideredmost pivotal for future decisions
Managing change in fast-growing companies : a study on governance and critical events
Bakgrund: För nystartade företag Àr vÀgen till framgÄng sÀllan okomplicerad. Resan prÀglas ofta av motgÄngar, hinder och utmaningar, framför allt för företag som vÀxer snabbt. MÄnga har bildenav att företag som vÀxer mycket och snabbt enbart Àr förenade med framgÄng och att tillvÀxt Àrvad alla entreprenörer drömmer om. Dock Àr det en komplex och krÀvande uppgift att styrasnabbvÀxande företag. Tidigare forskning har visat hur företag förÀndras nÀr de vÀxer, dÀremotsaknas forskning om vilka styrverktyg som Àr lÀmpliga vid snabb tillvÀxt, hur styrningen förÀndrasöver tid i snabbvÀxande företag samt hur företag bör styras nÀr de vÀxer snabbt med förvÀrv. Denna studie kommer dÀrför att undersöka styrningens förÀndring pÄ ett snabbvÀxande företag dÀr tillvÀxten utgjorts av mÄnga förvÀrv. Syfte: Syftet med studien Àr att öka förstÄelsen för vilka styrverktyg som anvÀnts och hur styrningen förÀndrats över tid i ett snabbvÀxande företag dÀr tillvÀxten utgjorts av mÄnga förvÀrv. Vidare Àmnar studien identifiera vilka kritiska hÀndelser som frÀmst bidragit till styrningens förÀndring. Metod: Denna studie har anvÀnt sig av en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi, en induktiv forskningsansats samt en fallstudie som forskningsdesign. Insamlingen av empiriska data har baserats pÄ primÀrdata frÄn intervjuer samt sekundÀrdata ifrÄn Ärs- och delÄrsrapporter, data frÄn pressmeddelanden pÄ företagets hemsida samt interna dokument. Slutsats: Studien visar att de kritiska hÀndelser som pÄverkat styrningen mest i fallföretaget Àr börsnoteringen, ett ledningsbyte och en omorganisation. Bland de styrverktyg som har anvÀnts i studien har kulturkontroll varit det styrverktyg som förÀndrats mest och dÀrmed haft störst pÄverkan pÄ företagets tillvÀxtresa. Vidare har tre viktiga faktorer identifierats som i kombination med styrningen bidragit till en lyckad förÀndringsresa: dynamiken mellan grundarna och företagskulturen, dynamiken mellan grundarna och tillvÀxten och slutligen dynamiken mellan företagskulturen och tillvÀxten. Background: For startups, the road to success is rarely straightforward. The journey is often characterized by setbacks, obstacles, and challenges, especially for fast-growing companies. Many people have the idea that fast-growing companies are only associated with success and that growth is the dream of all entrepreneurs. However, managing fast-growing companies is a complex and demanding task. Research has previously studied how firms change as they grow, but there is a lack of research on which management controls are appropriate for rapid growth, on how governance changes over time in fast-growing firms, and on how firms should be governed whenthey grow rapidly through acquisitions. Therefore, this study will investigate the change in governance in a fast-growing company where acquisitions have been a large part of the growth. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to increase the understanding of which management controls have been used and how governance has changed over time in a fast-growing company,where acquisitions have been a large part of the growth. Furthermore, the study aims to identify the critical events that mainly contributed to the change in governance. Methodology: This study has used a qualitative research strategy, an inductive research approach and a case study as a research design. The collection of empirical data has been based on primary data from interviews and secondary data from annual and interim reports, data from press releases on the company's website and internal documents. Conclusion: The study shows that the critical events that most affected governance in the case company are the IPO, a change of management and a reorganization. Among the management controls used in the study, cultural control was the type of control that changed the most and thus had the greatest impact on the company's growth journey. Furthermore, three important factors have been identified that, in combination with governance, have contributed to a successful change journey: the dynamics between the founders and the corporate culture, the dynamics between the founders and growth, and finally the dynamics between the corporate culture and growth
Dual Careers in upper secondary sports school : A quantitative study of student-athletes' dual career experiences can predict the coping of a dual career
Syftet med studien var att undersoÌka hur idrottselever paÌ idrottsgymnasium upplever den dubbla karriaÌren med fokus paÌ om DK-kompetenser, DK-foÌrdelar, DK- hinder, DK-stoÌd samt vaÌlbefinnande predicerar idrottselevernas DK-hantering. Deltagarna i studien valdes genom ett tillgaÌnglighetsurval och studien hade en kvantitativ tvaÌrsnittssdesign daÌr datasinsamlingen genomfoÌrdes genom att idrottseleverna fick moÌjligheten att svara paÌ ett digitalt fraÌgeformulaÌr. I studien deltog 405 idrottslever, fraÌn olika idrottsgymnasium som var mellan aÌldrarna 15â19 aÌr (M=16.79; SD=3.31). Resultatet fraÌn en multipel regressionsanalys visade att samtliga prediktorvariabler var statistiskt signifikanta och kunde predicera DK-hantering. Resultatet av den multipla regressionsanalysen visade aÌven att prediktorvariablerna foÌrklarade 49,5% av variansen i DK-hantering vilket indikerade paÌ att DK-upplevelser har en predicerande effekt paÌ hanteringen av en dubbel karriaÌr. Resultatet fraÌn studien bidrog med foÌrstaÌelse foÌr vilka faktorer inom idrottselevers DK-upplevelser som kan foÌrklara hanteringen av den dubbla karriaÌren. Det som kan konstateras var att om idrottseleverna besitter DK-kompetenser, om de upplever foÌrdelar med att ha en dubbel karriaÌr, om de upplever faÌ hinder, om de har tillgaÌng till stoÌd samt kaÌnner ett oÌkat vaÌlbefinnande kan detta bidra till en framgaÌngsrik dubbel karriaÌr.The aim of the study was to examine how student-athletes at upper secondary sports school experience the dual career with a focus on whether DC-competencies, DC-benefits, DC-barriers, DC-support and well-being predict the DC-coping of the student-athletes. The participants in the study were selected through accessibility sampling and the study had a quantitative cross-sectional design where the data collection was carried out by giving the student-athletes the opportunity to answer a digital questionnaire. In the study 405 student-athletes from different upper secondary sports schools between the ages 15-19 (M=16.79; SD=3.31) participated. The result from a multiple regression analysis showed that all predictor variables were statistically significant and could predict DC-coping. The result of the multiple regression analysis also showed that the predictor variables explained 49.5% of the variance in DC-coping which indicated that DC-experiences have a predicting effect on the coping of the dual career. The result from the study contributed with understanding to see which factors within student-athletes DC-experiences that can explain the coping of the dual career. What can be ascertained was that if the student-athletes possess DC-competencies, if they experience benefits by having a dual career, if they experience few obstacles, if they have access to support and feel an increased well-being, this can contribute to a successful dual career
Dual Careers in upper secondary sports school : A quantitative study of student-athletes' dual career experiences can predict the coping of a dual career
Syftet med studien var att undersoÌka hur idrottselever paÌ idrottsgymnasium upplever den dubbla karriaÌren med fokus paÌ om DK-kompetenser, DK-foÌrdelar, DK- hinder, DK-stoÌd samt vaÌlbefinnande predicerar idrottselevernas DK-hantering. Deltagarna i studien valdes genom ett tillgaÌnglighetsurval och studien hade en kvantitativ tvaÌrsnittssdesign daÌr datasinsamlingen genomfoÌrdes genom att idrottseleverna fick moÌjligheten att svara paÌ ett digitalt fraÌgeformulaÌr. I studien deltog 405 idrottslever, fraÌn olika idrottsgymnasium som var mellan aÌldrarna 15â19 aÌr (M=16.79; SD=3.31). Resultatet fraÌn en multipel regressionsanalys visade att samtliga prediktorvariabler var statistiskt signifikanta och kunde predicera DK-hantering. Resultatet av den multipla regressionsanalysen visade aÌven att prediktorvariablerna foÌrklarade 49,5% av variansen i DK-hantering vilket indikerade paÌ att DK-upplevelser har en predicerande effekt paÌ hanteringen av en dubbel karriaÌr. Resultatet fraÌn studien bidrog med foÌrstaÌelse foÌr vilka faktorer inom idrottselevers DK-upplevelser som kan foÌrklara hanteringen av den dubbla karriaÌren. Det som kan konstateras var att om idrottseleverna besitter DK-kompetenser, om de upplever foÌrdelar med att ha en dubbel karriaÌr, om de upplever faÌ hinder, om de har tillgaÌng till stoÌd samt kaÌnner ett oÌkat vaÌlbefinnande kan detta bidra till en framgaÌngsrik dubbel karriaÌr.The aim of the study was to examine how student-athletes at upper secondary sports school experience the dual career with a focus on whether DC-competencies, DC-benefits, DC-barriers, DC-support and well-being predict the DC-coping of the student-athletes. The participants in the study were selected through accessibility sampling and the study had a quantitative cross-sectional design where the data collection was carried out by giving the student-athletes the opportunity to answer a digital questionnaire. In the study 405 student-athletes from different upper secondary sports schools between the ages 15-19 (M=16.79; SD=3.31) participated. The result from a multiple regression analysis showed that all predictor variables were statistically significant and could predict DC-coping. The result of the multiple regression analysis also showed that the predictor variables explained 49.5% of the variance in DC-coping which indicated that DC-experiences have a predicting effect on the coping of the dual career. The result from the study contributed with understanding to see which factors within student-athletes DC-experiences that can explain the coping of the dual career. What can be ascertained was that if the student-athletes possess DC-competencies, if they experience benefits by having a dual career, if they experience few obstacles, if they have access to support and feel an increased well-being, this can contribute to a successful dual career
Managing change in fast-growing companies : a study on governance and critical events
Bakgrund: För nystartade företag Àr vÀgen till framgÄng sÀllan okomplicerad. Resan prÀglas ofta av motgÄngar, hinder och utmaningar, framför allt för företag som vÀxer snabbt. MÄnga har bildenav att företag som vÀxer mycket och snabbt enbart Àr förenade med framgÄng och att tillvÀxt Àrvad alla entreprenörer drömmer om. Dock Àr det en komplex och krÀvande uppgift att styrasnabbvÀxande företag. Tidigare forskning har visat hur företag förÀndras nÀr de vÀxer, dÀremotsaknas forskning om vilka styrverktyg som Àr lÀmpliga vid snabb tillvÀxt, hur styrningen förÀndrasöver tid i snabbvÀxande företag samt hur företag bör styras nÀr de vÀxer snabbt med förvÀrv. Denna studie kommer dÀrför att undersöka styrningens förÀndring pÄ ett snabbvÀxande företag dÀr tillvÀxten utgjorts av mÄnga förvÀrv. Syfte: Syftet med studien Àr att öka förstÄelsen för vilka styrverktyg som anvÀnts och hur styrningen förÀndrats över tid i ett snabbvÀxande företag dÀr tillvÀxten utgjorts av mÄnga förvÀrv. Vidare Àmnar studien identifiera vilka kritiska hÀndelser som frÀmst bidragit till styrningens förÀndring. Metod: Denna studie har anvÀnt sig av en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi, en induktiv forskningsansats samt en fallstudie som forskningsdesign. Insamlingen av empiriska data har baserats pÄ primÀrdata frÄn intervjuer samt sekundÀrdata ifrÄn Ärs- och delÄrsrapporter, data frÄn pressmeddelanden pÄ företagets hemsida samt interna dokument. Slutsats: Studien visar att de kritiska hÀndelser som pÄverkat styrningen mest i fallföretaget Àr börsnoteringen, ett ledningsbyte och en omorganisation. Bland de styrverktyg som har anvÀnts i studien har kulturkontroll varit det styrverktyg som förÀndrats mest och dÀrmed haft störst pÄverkan pÄ företagets tillvÀxtresa. Vidare har tre viktiga faktorer identifierats som i kombination med styrningen bidragit till en lyckad förÀndringsresa: dynamiken mellan grundarna och företagskulturen, dynamiken mellan grundarna och tillvÀxten och slutligen dynamiken mellan företagskulturen och tillvÀxten. Background: For startups, the road to success is rarely straightforward. The journey is often characterized by setbacks, obstacles, and challenges, especially for fast-growing companies. Many people have the idea that fast-growing companies are only associated with success and that growth is the dream of all entrepreneurs. However, managing fast-growing companies is a complex and demanding task. Research has previously studied how firms change as they grow, but there is a lack of research on which management controls are appropriate for rapid growth, on how governance changes over time in fast-growing firms, and on how firms should be governed whenthey grow rapidly through acquisitions. Therefore, this study will investigate the change in governance in a fast-growing company where acquisitions have been a large part of the growth. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to increase the understanding of which management controls have been used and how governance has changed over time in a fast-growing company,where acquisitions have been a large part of the growth. Furthermore, the study aims to identify the critical events that mainly contributed to the change in governance. Methodology: This study has used a qualitative research strategy, an inductive research approach and a case study as a research design. The collection of empirical data has been based on primary data from interviews and secondary data from annual and interim reports, data from press releases on the company's website and internal documents. Conclusion: The study shows that the critical events that most affected governance in the case company are the IPO, a change of management and a reorganization. Among the management controls used in the study, cultural control was the type of control that changed the most and thus had the greatest impact on the company's growth journey. Furthermore, three important factors have been identified that, in combination with governance, have contributed to a successful change journey: the dynamics between the founders and the corporate culture, the dynamics between the founders and growth, and finally the dynamics between the corporate culture and growth
- âŠ