CMS physics technical design report : Addendum on high density QCD with heavy ions

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Astronomical and glacial forcing of East Asian summer monsoonvariability

The dynamics of glacialeinterglacial monsoon variability can be attributed to orbitally induced changes in summer insolation and internal boundary conditions. However, the relative impacts of astronomical and internal factors on East Asian summer monsoon variability remain controversial. Here we combine proxy data and model results to evaluate the response of East Asian summer monsoon change to these forcings. d13C of loess carbonate, a sensitive summer monsoon proxy from the western Chinese Loess Plateau, demonstrates coexistence of distinct 100-, 41- and 23-ka periods, in contrast to precession-dominated speleothem d18O records in South China. Model results indicate that insolation, ice and CO2 have distinct impacts on summer precipitation changes in East Asia, whereas their relative impacts are spatially different, with a relatively stronger insolation effect in south China and a more dominant ice/CO2 influence in north China. Combined proxy data and model results indicate that East Asian summer monsoon variability was induced by integrated effects of summer insolation and changing boundary conditions (e.g., ice sheets and CO2 concentration). Our proxy-model comparison further suggests that gradual weakening of the summer monsoon related to slowly decreasing summer insolation at astronomical timescales will be likely overwhelmed by the projected ongoing anthropogenic CO2 emissions.</p

CMS physics technical design report: Addendum on high density QCD with heavy ions

This report presents the capabilities of the CMS experiment to explore the rich heavy-ion physics programme offered by the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The collisions of lead nuclei at energies ,will probe quark and gluon matter at unprecedented values of energy density. The prime goal of this research is to study the fundamental theory of the strong interaction - Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) - in extreme conditions of temperature, density and parton momentum fraction (low-x). This report covers in detail the potential of CMS to carry out a series of representative Pb-Pb measurements. These include "bulk" observables, (charged hadron multiplicity, low pT inclusive hadron identified spectra and elliptic flow) which provide information on the collective properties of the system, as well as perturbative probes such as quarkonia, heavy-quarks, jets and high pT hadrons which yield "tomographic" information of the hottest and densest phases of the reaction.0info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe