62 research outputs found
Does Innovation Cause Exports? Evidence from Exogenous Innovation Impulses and Obstacles Using German Micro Data
Trade and growth theories predict a mutual causation of innovation and exports. We test empirically whether innovation causes exports using a uniquely rich German micro dataset. To overcome the potential endogeneity, we need to identify variations in innovations that are exogenous to export performance. Our identification strategy takes advantage of a unique micro dataset of an innovation survey of German manufacturing firms. In this survey, the firms do not only report about their innovation behavior, their export share and other relevant control variables, but also whether specific impulses furthered their innovation and whether specific obstacles hindered their innovation. By using certain innovation impulses and obstacles that are credibly exogenous to the firms’ export performance as instruments for the actual innovative activity, we can identify variations in innovations that are exogenous to exports. We argue that this instrumental variable strategy yields estimates of the causal effect of innovation on exports in an industrialized country. In this paper we use as reference models a simple OLS framework and also a Tobit model to account for the relatively high share of non-exporters. Both models are then compared with their instrumental variable counterparts, a linear two-stage least square model and an IV Tobit model. We find that innovation attributable to this variation leads to an increase of about 10 percentage points in the export share of German manufacturing firms. The evidence is robust to several alternative specifications and similar for product and process innovations.Innovation, exports, trade
Employment Effects of Innovation at the Firm Level
This paper analyzes empirically the effects of innovation on employment at the firm levelusing a uniquely long panel dataset of German manufacturing firms. The overall effect ofinnovations on employment often remains unclear in theoretical contributions due to reverseeffects. We distinguish between product and process innovations and introduce in additiondifferent innovation categories. We find clearly positive effects for product and processinnovations on employment growth with the effects for process innovations being slightlyhigher. The effects are stronger in small firms and differ between firms in former West andEast Germany.innovation, labour demand, employment, firm size, panel data
Effects of Innovation on Employment: A Dynamic Panel Analysis
This paper estimates the effect of innovation on employment at the firm level. Our uniquely long innovation panel data set of German manufacturing firms covers more than 20 years and allows us to use various innovation measures. We can distinguish between product and process innovations as well as between innovation inputs and innovation outputs. Using dynamic panel GMM system estimation we find positive effects of innovation on employment. This result is robust to the use of product and process innovations as well as for innovation input and output.innovation, employment, panel data, dynamic panel methods
Does Innovation Cause Exports? Evidence from Exogenous Innovation Impulses and Obstacles
Trade and growth theories predict a mutual causation of innovation and exports. We test empirically whether innovation causes exports using a uniquely rich German micro dataset. Our instrumental-variable strategy identifies variation in innovative activity that is caused by specific impulses and obstacles reported by the firms, which can reasonably be viewed as exogenous to firms’ export performance. We find that innovation attributable to this variation leads to an increase of roughly 7 percentage points in the export share of German manufacturing firms. The evidence is robust to several alternative specifications, similar for product and process innovations, and heterogeneous across sectors.innovation, export, trade, product cycle, German manufacturing firms, Ifo innovation survey
Indication for the disappearance of reactor electron antineutrinos in the Double Chooz experiment
The Double Chooz Experiment presents an indication of reactor electron
antineutrino disappearance consistent with neutrino oscillations. A ratio of
0.944 0.016 (stat) 0.040 (syst) observed to predicted events was
obtained in 101 days of running at the Chooz Nuclear Power Plant in France,
with two 4.25 GW reactors. The results were obtained from a single 10
m fiducial volume detector located 1050 m from the two reactor cores. The
reactor antineutrino flux prediction used the Bugey4 measurement as an anchor
point. The deficit can be interpreted as an indication of a non-zero value of
the still unmeasured neutrino mixing parameter \sang. Analyzing both the rate
of the prompt positrons and their energy spectrum we find \sang = 0.086
0.041 (stat) 0.030 (syst), or, at 90% CL, 0.015 \sang 0.16.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, (new version after PRL referee's comments
Large underground, liquid based detectors for astro-particle physics in Europe: scientific case and prospects
This document reports on a series of experimental and theoretical studies
conducted to assess the astro-particle physics potential of three future
large-scale particle detectors proposed in Europe as next generation
underground observatories. The proposed apparatus employ three different and,
to some extent, complementary detection techniques: GLACIER (liquid Argon TPC),
LENA (liquid scintillator) and MEMPHYS (\WC), based on the use of large mass of
liquids as active detection media. The results of these studies are presented
along with a critical discussion of the performance attainable by the three
proposed approaches coupled to existing or planned underground laboratories, in
relation to open and outstanding physics issues such as the search for matter
instability, the detection of astrophysical- and geo-neutrinos and to the
possible use of these detectors in future high-intensity neutrino beams.Comment: 50 pages, 26 figure
Neutrino Physics with JUNO
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), a 20 kton multi-purposeunderground liquid scintillator detector, was proposed with the determinationof the neutrino mass hierarchy as a primary physics goal. It is also capable ofobserving neutrinos from terrestrial and extra-terrestrial sources, includingsupernova burst neutrinos, diffuse supernova neutrino background, geoneutrinos,atmospheric neutrinos, solar neutrinos, as well as exotic searches such asnucleon decays, dark matter, sterile neutrinos, etc. We present the physicsmotivations and the anticipated performance of the JUNO detector for variousproposed measurements. By detecting reactor antineutrinos from two power plantsat 53-km distance, JUNO will determine the neutrino mass hierarchy at a 3-4sigma significance with six years of running. The measurement of antineutrinospectrum will also lead to the precise determination of three out of the sixoscillation parameters to an accuracy of better than 1\%. Neutrino burst from atypical core-collapse supernova at 10 kpc would lead to ~5000inverse-beta-decay events and ~2000 all-flavor neutrino-proton elasticscattering events in JUNO. Detection of DSNB would provide valuable informationon the cosmic star-formation rate and the average core-collapsed neutrinoenergy spectrum. Geo-neutrinos can be detected in JUNO with a rate of ~400events per year, significantly improving the statistics of existing geoneutrinosamples. The JUNO detector is sensitive to several exotic searches, e.g. protondecay via the decay channel. The JUNO detector will providea unique facility to address many outstanding crucial questions in particle andastrophysics. It holds the great potential for further advancing our quest tounderstanding the fundamental properties of neutrinos, one of the buildingblocks of our Universe
Potential of Core-Collapse Supernova Neutrino Detection at JUNO
JUNO is an underground neutrino observatory under construction in Jiangmen, China. It uses 20kton liquid scintillator as target, which enables it to detect supernova burst neutrinos of a large statistics for the next galactic core-collapse supernova (CCSN) and also pre-supernova neutrinos from the nearby CCSN progenitors. All flavors of supernova burst neutrinos can be detected by JUNO via several interaction channels, including inverse beta decay, elastic scattering on electron and proton, interactions on C12 nuclei, etc. This retains the possibility for JUNO to reconstruct the energy spectra of supernova burst neutrinos of all flavors. The real time monitoring systems based on FPGA and DAQ are under development in JUNO, which allow prompt alert and trigger-less data acquisition of CCSN events. The alert performances of both monitoring systems have been thoroughly studied using simulations. Moreover, once a CCSN is tagged, the system can give fast characterizations, such as directionality and light curve
Detection of the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background with JUNO
As an underground multi-purpose neutrino detector with 20 kton liquid scintillator, Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is competitive with and complementary to the water-Cherenkov detectors on the search for the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB). Typical supernova models predict 2-4 events per year within the optimal observation window in the JUNO detector. The dominant background is from the neutral-current (NC) interaction of atmospheric neutrinos with 12C nuclei, which surpasses the DSNB by more than one order of magnitude. We evaluated the systematic uncertainty of NC background from the spread of a variety of data-driven models and further developed a method to determine NC background within 15\% with {\it{in}} {\it{situ}} measurements after ten years of running. Besides, the NC-like backgrounds can be effectively suppressed by the intrinsic pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) capabilities of liquid scintillators. In this talk, I will present in detail the improvements on NC background uncertainty evaluation, PSD discriminator development, and finally, the potential of DSNB sensitivity in JUNO
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