Isolation and Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (O:6,8) in Broiler Chickens

Background: The third largest poultry flock in Northeast Brazil is located in Ceará State. Some pathogens are commonly disseminated in broiler chicken flocks, such as the bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae family. Among these, some strains of Escherichia coli are frequently associated with different pathological manifestations in domestic animals, while bacteria from the genus Salmonella are considered the most frequent enteric pathogens reported causing foodborne infections in humans. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli strains isolated from broiler chickens in the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza city, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: Samples were collected from July-2014 to March-2015 in ten broiler chicken farms located in the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza city, Brazil, with birds in pre-slaughter age. From each farm, 100 individual cloacal swabs were randomly collected from broilers independent of clinical status. Distinct methodologies were used in order to provide optimal isolation conditions for both the bacterial species. For Escherichia coli, the methodology consisted in enrichment with BHI broth, plating in EMB agar and biochemical identification, after which some isolates were maintained in nutrient agar for antimicrobial resistance evaluation. For the isolation of Salmonella sp., a standard method was used with pre-enrichment, selective enrichment, selective plating and biochemical identification steps. Antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) was performed with disk diffusion technique and the following antibiotics were tested: ampicillin, ceftiofur, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, polymyxin B, gentamycin, cloranfenicol, tetracycline, azithromycin and fosfomycin. According to the methodology used, 95.9% of samples were positive for Escherichia coli and the most frequent resistance was to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Salmonella sp. was isolated from 0.2% of the samples, which were identified as the serotype Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica O:6,8. Both isolates presented the same antimicrobial resistance profile, which were resistant to six, out of ten tested antibiotics (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, chloramphenicol and ceftiofur).Discussion: The low prevalence of Salmonella observed in this study have also been reported by other studies performed in poultry farms in Ceará State, which suggests a good status for this pathogen in the local industry, however further efforts in order to eradicate this pathogen must be applied. The salmonella serotype detected in this study is rarely reported in the literature, especially from the poultry industry. In Brazil, the use of tetracyclines, quinolones and penicillins as feed additives or growth promoters is prohibited; however, a high resistance to drugs from these groups was detected. In addition, multidrug resistant E. coli isolates presented more elevated rates than other studies reported in the literature with antibiotics commonly used in the poultry industry and this may indicate an excessive use of these drugs in the production routine. These results should serve as a warning for surveillance programs to evaluate the incidence of these microorganisms as well as their antimicrobial resistance rates, which may be an important tool for control and prevention in meat poultry production

Pessoas vivendo com VIH, pessoas LGBT e vivências interseccionais: concepções de adultos jovens sobre a velhice e o envelhecimento

Objective: This study aims to understand the social representations of old age LGBT (lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transvestites, and transgenders) among adults living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Brazil. Method: 111 people from 21 Brazilian states participated in the study, with a mean age of 42 years, most of the men (85%), homosexuals (75%), single (85%), and without religion (34%). For data collection, a sociodemographic questionnaire was used; a structured interview was also used; both instruments were applied online. Results: The classes of representations shared by the investigated group are structured in three main axes: Old age of LGBT people; Old age of people living with HIV; Intersectionality, and commonalities between groups. Conclusions: The representations directed to the specificities of each group were: Older LGBT people, connected to loneliness and discrimination; People living with HIV, related to the continuous use of medication. The common and intersectoral experiences for both groups are those related to the experience of stigma and social exclusion. Thus, based on the representations expressed, one can see the need for an intersectional understanding of the groups being investigated and the importance of countering the negative stereotypes to which these people are subjected.Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender as representações sociais da velhice LGBT (lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis e transexuais) entre adultos vivendo com vírus da imunodeficiência humana (VIH) no Brasil. Método: Participaram do estudo 111 pessoas de 21 Estados brasileiros, com média de idade de 42 anos, a maioria homens (85%), com orientação sexual homossexual (75%), solteiros (85%) e sem religião (34%). Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado um questionário sociodemográfico, também foi utilizada uma entrevista estruturada; ambos os instrumentos foram aplicados online. Resultados: As classes de representações partilhadas pelo grupo investigado se estruturam em três eixos principais: Velhice de pessoas LGBT; Velhice de pessoas que vivem com VIH; Interseccionalidade e pontos em comum entre os grupos. Conclusões: As representações direcionadas às especificidades de cada grupo foram: Idosos LGBT, ligados à solidão e discriminação; Pessoas vivendo com VIH, relacionadas com o uso contínuo de medicamentos. As experiências comuns e intersetoriais para ambos os grupos são as relacionadas com a vivência do estigma e da exclusão social. Assim, a partir das representações apreendidas, percebe-se a necessidade de uma compreensão interseccional acerca dos grupos investigados, tal como, a importância de trabalhar no combate aos estereótipos negativos aos quais esses sujeitos são submetidos

ANÁLISE DO PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO E TENDÊNCIA TEMPORAL DOS ACIDENTES GRAVES DE TRABALHO

Objetivo: analisar o perfil epidemiológico e a tendência temporal dos acidentes graves de trabalho no estado de Sergipe, no período de 2009 a 2015. Método: estudo ecológico, descritivo, de série temporal, com base em dados secundários informados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Resultados: foram notificados 1.271 acidentes graves de trabalho com trabalhadores entre 16 e 65 anos de idade; os anos de 2011 (19,5%) e 2009 (15,6%) foram os de maior número de registros; 2011 (23,6%) e 2010 (19.9%) apresentaram maior incidência; 2014 e 2015 registraram as menores taxas. Perfil dos trabalhadores acidentados: sexo masculino (88,8%), entre 25 e 29 anos (17,1%), pardos (61,5%), ensino incompleto da 5ª a 8ª série (20,2%). Conclusão: a análise do perfil epidemiológico e a tendência temporal dos acidentes graves de trabalho no estado de Sergipe revelou tendência geral decrescente no período analisado, ainda que fosse elevado o número de acidentes registrados.Descritores: Epidemiologia Descritiva. Sistemas de Informação. Saúde do Trabalhador. Acidentes de Trabalho

DIPROSOPIA

Diprosopia também conhecida como duplicação craniofacial é um distúrbio raro no qual o rosto de uma pessoa é duplicado

Leucemia mielóide crônica: aspectos básicos e diagnóstico laboral.

Leucemia é uma doença maligna originada na medula óssea, que afeta a produção dos leucócitos, gerando os sinais e sintomas da doença. Os principais tipos são a leucemia linfóide aguda (LLA), leucemia linfóide crônica (LLC), leucemia mielóide aguda (LMA) e leucemia mielóide crônica (LMC). Em destaque nesse estudo está a Leucemia Mielóide Crônica, com uma incidência de um a dois casos por 100.000 habitantes/ano, correspondendo de 15% a 20% das leucemias

ETHNOBOTANY STUDY OF VEGETABLE SPECIES WITH THERAPEUTIC PURPOSES FROM A RURAL COMMUNITY IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF BARBALHA, CEARÁ, BRAZIL

From the beginnings of mankind man recurs to natural resources for the treatment, cure and prevention of various diseases through the use of medicinal plants. The objective of this study was to revitalize and identify the knowledge regarding plant species with therapeutic purposes used by the traditional Santo Antônio community, Barbalha, Ceará, Brazil, with the aim of assisting chemical and pharmacological studies. The methodology was based on semi-structured interviews to explore informant’s knowledge surrounding medicinal species and to highlight those considered more versatile. 27 species were described, distributed across 21 distinct families, of which the most representative was the Anacardiaceae family. From these species, 05 have gained prominence regarding their versatility: Chenopodium ambrosioides L., Helianthus annuus L., Bauhinia variegata L., Anethum graveolens L., Passiflora cincinnata Mast. In general, the leaf was the most used plant part. As for preparation method, infusion prevailed. For therapeutic purpose, a greater use in disease cases involving problems such as scarring, hypertension, anxiety and diabetes was observed. Most of the indications reported by the local community coincide with findings in the literature, thus, this research may serve as a subsidy for pharmacological and chemical studies which may lead to the discovery of new herbal medicines

AVALIAÇÃO DO EFEITO DO “STRESS SALINO” SOBRE O DESENVOLVIMENTO INICIAL DE RÚCULA

O estudo das condições ambientais favoráveis ao desenvolvimento inicial das plantas é o ponto chave para obtenção de altas produtividades e desenvolvimento vegetal satisfatório. Em vista dessa afirmativa o presente estudo objetivou avaliar o desenvolvimento inicial de rúcula (Eruca sativa cv. Cultivada – Feltrin) submetida a distintas condições de “stress salino”. Para a condução do experimento emergiu-se folhas de papel germitest em soluções de água destilada e cloreto de sódio com as seguintes condições hídricas: 0; -0,2; -0,4; -0,6; -0,8; -1,0 MPa. Após imersão das folhas nas soluções submeteu-se sementes de rúcula às diferentes condições de stress durante 8 (oito) dias. Observou-se neste trabalho que o desenvolvimento do hipocótilo e da radícula decresce linearmente com o aumento do “stress salino”. A germinação da rúcula resiste a condições salinas até -0,4 MPa, havendo a partir desse stress e diferença significativa na germinação das sementes

FATORES CLÍNICOS E PREDITORES DO RESSECAMENTO OCULAR EM PACIENTES NO PERÍODO PÓS-OPERATÓRIO

Objective: to evaluate in the ocular surface of patients in the postoperative period in a Post-Anesthetic Recovery Unit the clinical predictors for ocular dryness of the nursing diagnosis (ND) Risk of ocular dryness. Method: cross-sectional study carried out from May to August 2017. Sample consisted of 157 patients. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: the clinical diagnosis of ocular dryness prevailed in 85.35% of the patients, while the ND Risk for ocular dryness was present in 14.65%. Statistical differences were observed between hyperemia, excessive tearing and insufficient Schirmer test with the diagnosis of ocular dryness in the right eye and with the ND Risk of ocular dryness. As well as in the left eye with insufficient Schirmer's test. Conclusion: hyperemia, excessive tearing and insufficient Schirmer's test are relevant clinical predictors in the perioperative period, to promote preventive measures and/or early detection of ocular dryness.Objetivo: evaluar en la superficie ocular de pacientes en postoperatorio en una Unidad de Recuperación Postanestésica los predictores clínicos de sequedad ocular del diagnóstico de enfermería (DE) Riesgo de sequedad ocular. Método: estudio transversal realizado de mayo a agosto de 2017. Muestra compuesta por 157 pacientes. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: el diagnóstico clínico de sequedad ocular prevaleció en el 85,35% de los pacientes, mientras que el DE Riesgo de sequedad ocular estuvo presente en el 14,65%. Se observaron diferencias estadísticas entre hiperemia, lagrimeo excesivo y prueba de Schirmer insuficiente con el diagnóstico de sequedad ocular en el ojo derecho y con el DE Riesgo de sequedad ocular. Así como en el ojo izquierdo con prueba de Schirmer insuficiente. Conclusión: la hiperemia, el lagrimeo excesivo y el test de Schirmer insuficiente son predictores clínicos relevantes en el perioperatorio, para promover medidas preventivas y/o detección precoz de la sequedad ocular.Objetivo: avaliar os fatores clínicos preditores para o ressecamento ocular e para o diagnóstico de enfermagem Risco de ressecamento ocular em pacientes no pós-operatório em Unidade de Recuperação Pós-Anestésica. Método: estudo transversal realizado entre maio e agosto de 2017. Amostra foi de 157 pacientes adultos submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos eletivos. Os dados foram analisados mediante estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: o diagnóstico clínico de ressecamento ocular prevaleceu em 85,35% dos pacientes, e o diagnóstico de enfermagem Risco de ressecamento ocular em 14,65%. Observou-se diferenças estatísticas entre a hiperemia, lacrimejamento excessivo e teste de Schirmer insuficiente com o diagnóstico de ressecamento ocular no olho direito e com o diagnóstico Risco de ressecamento ocular. No olho esquerdo o teste de Schirmer foi insuficiente. Conclusão: a hiperemia, o lacrimejamento excessivo e o teste de Schirmer insuficiente são fatores clínicos preditores relevantes no perioperatório para promover medidas preventivas e/ou detectar precocemente o ressecamento ocular.Descritores: Diagnóstico de Enfermagem. Síndromes do Olho Seco. Saúde ocular. Centros Cirúrgicos. Período PósOperatório. Enfermagem Perioperatória

Chronic kidney patients in hemodialysis: a study on the mode of psychosocial theory of Roy

Objective: To identify the adaptive problems of the psychosocial mode of the Roy model in chronic kidney patients on hemodialysis. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 178 patients from a dialysis center in the northeast of Brazil. Results: Three adaptive problems were identified, two of the self-concept: sexual dysfunction and low self-esteem; and one of the paper performance mode: paper failure. CONCLUSIONS: Adaptive flaws in the role, sexual dysfunction and low self-esteem refer to the presence of a conical disease and an invasive treatment, since these conditions directly affect the individual's lifestyle

Social Representations of LGBT Old Age and Sex Workers in Brazilian Adults

Background: The number of elderly people in the world is growing significantly, so there is an urgent need to ensure that this population can live a full life, especially taking into account the current COVID-19 pandemic scenario. Objective: To analyze the social representations of LGBT old age for male and female sex workers through the pandemic. Method: A qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory research conducted with 10 male and 10 female sex workers aged between 18 and 48. Sociodemographic questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were administered using Google Forms and then analyzed by descending hierarchical classification through the IRaMuTeQ software. Results: The analysis showed three classes: (1) «Social understanding of the topic LGBT old age,» (2) «Stigma of genders and sexual orientations,» and (3) «Physical transformations and their accompanying obstacles». Conclusions: The representations are associated with the difficulties that elderly people have with aging in society, as well as debating LGBT old age. There are also greater obstacles regarding aging of female sex workers. In this way, the study seeks to contribute to broaden the knowledge of the psychosocial aspects of LGBT aging and old age, especially those of sex workers