A Survey Paper on Software Bug Classification Techniques using Data Mining

A Software bug is a blunder, blemish, disappointment or deficiency in a PC project or framework that causes it to deliver an off base or surprising result. At the point when bugs emerge, we need to settle them which is difficult. The greater part of the organizations burn through 40% of expense to settling bugs. The procedure of altering bug will be bug triage or bug collection. Triaging this approaching report physically is blunder inclined and tedious .programming organization pays the greater part of their expense in managing these bugs. In this paper we arranging the bugs with the goal that we can decide the class of the bug at which class that bug is has a place and in the wake of applying the order we can dole out the specific bug to the precise designer for altering them. This is effective. In this paper we are utilizing mix of two grouping strategies, guileless bayes (NB) and k closest neighbor (KNN).In advanced days organization utilizes programmed bug triaging framework yet in Traditional manual Triaging framework is utilized which not effective and setting aside an excess of time .For is triaging the bug we require bug subtle element which is called bug store. In this paper we likewise diminishing the bug dataset in light of the fact that on the off chance that we having more information with unused data which causes issue to relegating bugs. For actualizing this we utilize occasion determination and highlight choice for lessening bug information. This paper portray the entire methodology of bug assignment from beginning to end and finally result will appear on the premise of chart .Graph speaks to the most extreme plausibility of class means at which class the bug will has a place

School Mapping System Using GIS for Aurangabad City

ABSTRACT: Quality and degradation of education affects more on upcoming youth consequently society as well on nation. Overall these consequences are come in to existing from childhood, thus new generation become inactive and unworthy. All this happen due to education system and inappropriate selection of school for their child. Parents are also not aware about that where and in which school they have to be admitting their child. In India, more than 50% parents admitted their child in nearest school, according to their availability of school. Every year hundreds of people shift their geographical location for their child education and by other service issue too. In India, thousands of parents are worrying about their child education. It is very crucial to have an application to guide and to determine that where to take admission for their child. School mapping may help to such users to determine suitable school and their requirements and priority. Schools in India are located and spread in inappropriate manner by breaking the rules of education board. So, to avoid future conflicts in new establishments of schools and proper management school mapping is an important issue for analysis to Govt. body of education. Mapping of schools according to geographical location GIS plays an important role. This paper gives peoples to an idea to choose best school around the area within the range, which is helpful for society to increase the education standard as well as to make appropriate choices accordingly

MOTION ANALYSIS IN VIDEO USING OPTICAL FLOW TECHNIQUES

ABSTRACT: This paper presents optical flow estimation technique to estimate the motion vectors in each frame of the video sequence. By thresholding and performing morphological closing on the motion vectors, we produces binary feature images. Using these binary features the cars are located. A bounding Box is drawn around the cars that pass beneath the white line. The algorithm used for this is lucas kanade. Use of the threshold to reduce the noise in small movements between frames is analyzed. Higher the threshold ,the less small movements impact the optical flow calculation. Experiments are done to find the value that best achieves our results

A workshop on ‘Dietary Sweetness—Is It an Issue?’

This report summarises a workshop convened by ILSI Europe on 3 and 4 April 2017 to discuss the issue of dietary sweetness. The objectives were to understand the roles of sweetness in the diet, establish whether exposure to sweetness affects diet quality and energy intake, and consider whether sweetness per se affects health. Although there may be evidence for tracking of intake of some sweet components of the diet through childhood, evidence for tracking of whole diet sweetness, or through other stages of maturity are lacking. The evidence to date does not support adverse effects of sweetness on diet quality or energy intake, except where sweet food choices increase intake of free sugars. There is some evidence for improvements in diet quality and reduced energy intake where sweetness without calories replaces sweetness with calories. There is a need to understand the physiological and metabolic relevance of sweet taste receptors on the tongue, in the gut and elsewhere in the body, as well as possible differentiation in the effects of sustained consumption of individual sweeteners. Despite a plethora of studies, there is no consistent evidence for an association of sweetness sensitivity/preference with obesity or type 2 diabetes. A multifaceted integrated approach, characterising nutritive and sensory aspects of the whole diet or dietary patterns, may be more valuable in providing contextual insight. The outcomes of the workshop could be used as a scientific basis to inform the expert community and create more useful dialogue among health care professionals

Global disparities in surgeons’ workloads, academic engagement and rest periods: the on-calL shIft fOr geNEral SurgeonS (LIONESS) study

: The workload of general surgeons is multifaceted, encompassing not only surgical procedures but also a myriad of other responsibilities. From April to May 2023, we conducted a CHERRIES-compliant internet-based survey analyzing clinical practice, academic engagement, and post-on-call rest. The questionnaire featured six sections with 35 questions. Statistical analysis used Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression (SPSS® v. 28). The survey received a total of 1.046 responses (65.4%). Over 78.0% of responders came from Europe, 65.1% came from a general surgery unit; 92.8% of European and 87.5% of North American respondents were involved in research, compared to 71.7% in Africa. Europe led in publishing research studies (6.6 ± 8.6 yearly). Teaching involvement was high in North America (100%) and Africa (91.7%). Surgeons reported an average of 6.7 ± 4.9 on-call shifts per month, with European and North American surgeons experiencing 6.5 ± 4.9 and 7.8 ± 4.1 on-calls monthly, respectively. African surgeons had the highest on-call frequency (8.7 ± 6.1). Post-on-call, only 35.1% of respondents received a day off. Europeans were most likely (40%) to have a day off, while African surgeons were least likely (6.7%). On the adjusted multivariable analysis HDI (Human Development Index) (aOR 1.993) hospital capacity > 400 beds (aOR 2.423), working in a specialty surgery unit (aOR 2.087), and making the on-call in-house (aOR 5.446), significantly predicted the likelihood of having a day off after an on-call shift. Our study revealed critical insights into the disparities in workload, access to research, and professional opportunities for surgeons across different continents, underscored by the HDI

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Ensuring human safety and addressing environmental concern through better management of biomedical waste: A case study of Aurangabad city, m.s. India

The waste, which is generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals, in search activities pertaining humans or animals or in the production or testing of biologicals is called Biomedical Waste (BMW). The main and exact reason of bio-medical waste as a problem was in its poor management. In India, only a few states and districts have given adequate thoughts to manage the collection and disposal of BMW properly. Keeping in view the inappropriate bio medical waste management, the Ministry of Environment andForests notified the ‘Biomedical Waste Management and Handling Rules 1998’ in July 1998 (Later amended on 2nd June, 2000). The soul principle of this rule was to carry out segregation, collection, transportation and disposal of the mentioned above by maintaining hygienic conditions throughout the arena. The study had been carried out between the periods of June 2007 to May 2008. Accordingly, the population of Aurangabad city was 10.99 Lakhs as per 2001 census. This city had been recorded as the fastest growing industrial township in the Asian subcontinent. BMW treatment plant of AMC had been implemented since 1st Nov.2003 in Gevrai Tanda, Patoda shiwar area near Aurangabad and this contract has been made with Water-grace products, Biomedical Waste Management, Nasik on BOLT (Build Operate Lease Transfer) on the basis for 20 years. Amongst the Autoclave, Hydroclave, Microwave, Incinerator and Chemical technology; the concern agency adopted Incinerator technology. All government, semi-government, private, NGO’s or the people who generated BMW were the members of this mentioned project. There were 662 members upto the date of 1st March, 2008. The data had been collected through means of official documentation by AMC, questionnaires filled by doctors, personal interviews, field-visits to the treatment plants, and the parallel pilot projects. The findings were as follows: 1) The response given by the doctors was considerably appreciable but there was no watch on illegalpractitioners. So, AMC should have driven a special action against it.2) There was a need to provide a technical training to the workers engaged in this system as they wereexposed to deadly infectious diseases generating through it.3) The heat released through Incineration process should have been trapped and utilized further.4) The remaining of BMW could have been used as manure. In pilot experiment, this manure enhancesthe growth of plants.5) The Audit of BMW was required to understand the quality and quantity of the waste generated.6) There was a need to improve the machine-technology in an Incinerator process on it so as torelease the visible smoke.7) Disposal facility was only one of the links in the Bio Medical Waste management chain. Therewere other key-links that were required :· Education and Awareness.· Compliance monitoring and accountability.· Regulatory system and tools. In the developing countries, due to lack of costly, sophisticated machinery, the concerned authoritiesshould focus on 3 R’s (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle) and through scientific eco-friendly techniques, methods should be implemented so as to sustain a healthy environment ensuring betterment in health of every citizen