Wec parameters optimization by genetic algorithm method

This study presents a method for parameters optimization for a floating wave energy converter (WEC) device. The considered floating WEC, a multi-body articulated system, consists of two cylinders connected with a flat plate. The connections between the parts of the WEC allow the rotational movements of cylinders and of the plate and the entire system perform translational movements. This study focuses on the case of two-dimensional movements of the WEC due to the action of waves which propagate perpendicular to the axis of the cylinders. The pressure and the viscous forces acting on the wetted surfaces of the cylinders are modeled by the Morison force equation [10], to which are added Archimedes and gravity forces. The Newton laws written for the multi-body articulated system, whose movements have five degrees of freedom, result in a system of five nonlinear second-order differential equations which is solved numerically by a fourth order Runge-Kutta method [11]. The results show the effects of various parameters as the radius of the cylinders, the length of the relating plate, the coefficients of the power take off device, and the wave characteristics on the efficiency of the wave energy converter. To optimize these parameters values, we use a genetic algorithm method [7] for determination of optimal values. The first test of the method is an optimization of the power recovery coefficients for fixed values of geometric WEC parameters and of the wave characteristics. Thereafter, the genetic algorithm method is used to optimize various WEC parameters

4,4-Bis(4-methyl­phenyl­sulfan­yl)-1,1-diphenyl-2-aza­buta-1,3-diene

In the title compound, C29H25NS2, both the Cl atoms of the aza­diene precursor 4,4-dichloro-1,1-diphenyl-2-aza­buta-1,3-diene are replaced by two vicinal S-p-tolyl substituents attached to the terminal C atom of a π-conjugated 2-aza­butadiene array. The aza­diene chain is planar to within 0.01 Å. One of the phenyl rings seems to be slightly π-conjugated with the aza­diene core [dihedral angle 5.1 (2)°]

Syntheses, Crystal Structure and Physico-Chemical Studies of Sodium and Potassium Alcoholates Bearing Thienyl Substituents and their Derived Luminescent Sm(III) Alkoxides

International audienceThe synthesis, structural characterization, electrochemistry and luminescence properties of a series of alkali metal alcoholates and Sm(III) alkoxides with thiophene−based−OR substituents are presented. The alkali metal alcoholates 7-15 have been obtained by deprotonation of the carbinol with NaH or KH. Their molecular structures consist of tetranuclear alkali metal alcoholates with a distorted cubane−like M4O4 core (X-ray structure analyses). Each alkali metal is surrounded by three carbinolate ligands and (depending on the derivative) by additional tetrahydrofuran molecules. The mononuclear samarium alkoxides {Sm[OC(C4H3S)3]3(thf)3} * thf (16) and {Sm[OC(C16H13S)]3(thf)3} * thf (17) were synthesized by the salt metathesis reactions between {[KOC(C4H3S)3]4(thf)2} * thf (7), [NaOC(C4H3S)3]4(thf)2 (8) or {[KOC(C16H13S)]4(thf)3} * ½ thf (11), respectively, and SmCl3 in thf solution. The molecular structures of these air−sensitive base adducts have been determined by single−crystal X−ray crystallography and reveal an approximately octahedral coordination sphere around the samarium metal centres with three methoxido ligands and three facially arranged thf molecules. The electrochemical properties are essentially dominated by the oxidation of the thienyl units. The emission spectra of the carbinols and their derived potassium and sodium compounds display broad bands attributed to the π*→π transitions of the aromatic ligands. Luminescence studies performed on complexes 16 and 17 reveal the typical f−f transitions of the Sm(III) ion. The photophysical data suggest that an energy transfer from the ligand to the metal centre operates

Syntheses, Structures, and Photophysical Properties of Mono- and Dinuclear Sulfur-Rich Gold(I) Complexes

Sulfur-rich 1,2 dithiolene and neutral thione ligands were used for the synthesis of gold complexes, some of them exhibiting aurophilic interactions. Surprisingly, the closest Au···Au contact is observed in an unsupported dinuclear complex, which makes part of a supramolecular network. Photophysical studies, combined with DFT calculations, indicate that the participations of the Au···Au interactions have some relevance to the rich luminescence properties of these compounds

Synthesis and Characterization of a Heteroleptic Ru(II) Complex of Phenanthroline Containing Oligo-Anthracenyl Carboxylic Acid Moieties

In an effort to develop new ruthenium(II) complexes, this work describes the design, synthesis and characterization of a ruthenium(II) functionalized phenanthroline complex with extended π-conjugation. The ligand were L1 (4,7-bis(2,3-dimethylacrylic acid)-1,10-phenanthroline), synthesized by a direct aromatic substitution reaction, and L2 (4,7-bis(trianthracenyl-2,3-dimethylacrylic acid)-1,10-phenanthroline), which was synthesized by the dehalogenation of halogenated aromatic compounds using a zero-valent palladium cross-catalyzed reaction in the absence of magnesium-diene complexes and/or cyclooctadienyl nickel (0) catalysts to generate a new carbon-carbon bond (C-C bond) polymerized hydrocarbon units. The ruthenium complex [RuL1L2(NCS)2] showed improved photophysical properties (red-shifted metal-to-ligand charge-transfer transition absorptions and enhanced molar extinction coefficients), luminescence and interesting electrochemical properties. Cyclic and square wave voltammetry revealed five major redox processes. The number of electron(s) transferred by the ruthenium complex was determined by chronocoulometry in each case. The results show that processes I, II and III are multi-electron transfer reactions while processes IV and V involved one-electron transfer reaction. The photophysical property of the complex makes it a promising candidate in the design of chemosensors and photosensitizers, while its redox-active nature makes the complex a potential mediator of electron transfer in photochemical processes