Creencias de Estudiantes de Secundaria Españoles y Mexicanos sobre las Causas de la Obesidad

ResumenSe exploraron, a través de un cuestionario diseñado ex profeso, las creencias sobre las causas de la obesidad en una muestra de 142 estudiantes de segundo y tercer grados de secundaria (71 españoles y 71 mexicanos). El rango de edad de los participantes fue de 13 a 16 años (M=14.02, DE=.846). Los participantes consideraron que la Voluntad y la Personalidad son las causas más importantes de la obesidad, X2(5, 142)=265.353, p<.001, en tanto que los factores considerados menos importantes fueron Comida, Educación, Ejercicio y Genética. Dicha forma de conceptuar las causas de la obesidad parece dar pie a que los participantes responsabilicen a las personas obesas de su condición, t(141)=-13.740, p<.001. Por último, se discute cómo se articula las creencias sobre las causas de la obesidad y las actitudes mantenidas hacia las personas obesas.AbstractIn order to explore the beliefs about the causes of obesity, one questionnaire designed on purpose were applied to a sample of 142 students of second and third grades of secondary school (71 Spaniard and 71 Mexican), with ages between 13 and 16 years (M=14.02, SD=.846). Participants considered that Volition and Personality were the most important causes of obesity, X2 (5, 142)=265 353, p<.001, while Food, Education, Exercise and Genetics were the least important factors. This way of conceptualizing the causes of obesity seems to lead participants to blame obese people because of their condition, t(141)=13,740, p<.001. Finally, we discuss how beliefs about the causes of obesity and attitudes held towards obese people are articulated

Rac2 GTPase activation by angiotensin II is modulated by Ca2+/calcineurin and mitogen-activated protein kinases in human neutrophils

Angiotensin II (Ang II) highly stimulates superoxide anion production by neutrophils. The G-protein Rac2 modulates the activity of NADPH oxidase in response to various stimuli. Here, we describe that Ang II induced both Rac2 translocation from the cytosol to the plasma membrane and Rac2 GTP-binding activity. Furthermore, Clostridium difficile toxin A, an inhibitor of the Rho-GTPases family Rho, Rac and Cdc42, prevented Ang II-elicited O2/ROS production, phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2, and Rac2 activation. Rac2 GTPase inhibition by C. difficile toxin A was accompanied by a robust reduction of the cytosolic Ca2+ elevation induced by Ang II in human neutrophils. Furthermore, SB203580 and PD098059 act as inhibitors of p38MAPK and ERK1/2 respectively, wortmannin, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, and cyclosporin A, a calcineurin inhibitor, hindered both translocation of Rac2 from the cytosol to the plasma membrane and enhancement of Rac2 GTP-binding elicited by Ang II. These results provide evidence that the activation of Rac2 by Ang II is exerted through multiple signalling pathways, involving Ca2+/calcineurin and protein kinases, the elucidation of which should be insightful in the design of new therapies aimed at reversing the inflammation of vessel walls found in a number of cardiovascular diseases.This work was financed by grants from the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (BFU2006-13802), and the Consejería de Innovación, Ciencia y Empresa (P06-CTS-1936), Junta de Andalucía, Spain, awarded to F S

Monitorización geodésica de las zonas de falla de Alhama de Murcia, Palomares y Carrascoy (zona de cizalla de las Béticas Orientales): trabajos en marcha

Reunión Ibérica sobre Fallas Activas y Paleosismología (3ª. 2018. Alicante). - Texto en español con resumen y palabras claves en inglés y españolEl objetivo de este trabajo es llevar a cabo estudios geodésicos en la Zona de Cizalla de las Béticas Orientales, que complementen los estudios paleosísmicos y sismológicos que se están desarrollando en la zona. El objetivo fundamental es determinar la deformación actual que se está produciendo en la zona, lo que permitirá conocer el comportamiento cinemático de los principales segmentos que la forman y su incorporación en la evaluación de la amenaza sísmica de la zona. Para ello, a finales de 2015 se ha establecido una red GPS, con 9 estaciones de campaña y una estación permanente, que complementa las redes existentes, que cubre las zonas de las fallas de Alhama de Murcia, Palomares y Carrascoy y en la que se han realizado dos campañas de observación. En el presente trabajo se presentan el estado actual de la monitorización geodésica, así como algunos resultados preliminares. = The objective of this work is to carry out geodetic studies in the Eastern Betics Shear Zone, which complements the paleoseismic and seismological studies that are being developed in the area. The main objective is to determine the current deformation that is taking place in the area, which will allow to know the kinematic behaviour of the main faults and its constituent segment, and their consequent incorporation into the seismic hazard assessment. For this, at the end of 2015 a GPS network was established, with 9 campaign stations and 1 continuous GPS station, which complements the existing networks, covering the fault zones of Alhama de Murcia, Palomares and Carrascoy and in which two observation campaigns have been carried out. In this paper we present the current state of geodetic monitoring, as well as some preliminary results.Departamento de Ingeniería Topográfica y Cartografía, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, EspañaDepartamento de Geodinámica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, EspañaInstituto Geológico y Minero de España, EspañaGrupo RISKNAT, Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l’Oceà, Universitat de Barcelona, EspañaÁrea de Geodesia, Área de Geodesia. Instituto Geográfico Nacional, Españ

The Eurasian Modern Pollen Database (EMPD), version 2

The Eurasian (née European) Modern Pollen Database (EMPD) was established in 2013 to provide a public database of high-quality modern pollen surface samples to help support studies of past climate, land cover, and land use using fossil pollen. The EMPD is part of, and complementary to, the European Pollen Database (EPD) which contains data on fossil pollen found in Late Quaternary sedimentary archives throughout the Eurasian region. The EPD is in turn part of the rapidly growing Neotoma database, which is now the primary home for global palaeoecological data. This paper describes version 2 of the EMPD in which the number of samples held in the database has been increased by 60 % from 4826 to 8134. Much of the improvement in data coverage has come from northern Asia, and the database has consequently been renamed the Eurasian Modern Pollen Database to reflect this geographical enlargement. The EMPD can be viewed online using a dedicated map-based viewer at https://empd2.github.io and downloaded in a variety of file formats at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.909130 (Chevalier et al., 2019)Swiss National Science Foundation | Ref. 200021_16959

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

The Eurasian Modern Pollen Database (EMPD), version 2

Abstract. The Eurasian (née European) Modern Pollen Database (EMPD) was established in 2013 to provide a public database of high-quality modern pollen surface samples to help support studies of past climate, land cover, and land use using fossil pollen. The EMPD is part of, and complementary to, the European Pollen Database (EPD) which contains data on fossil pollen found in Late Quaternary sedimentary archives throughout the Eurasian region. The EPD is in turn part of the rapidly growing Neotoma database, which is now the primary home for global palaeoecological data. This paper describes version 2 of the EMPD in which the number of samples held in the database has been increased by 60 % from 4826 to 8134. Much of the improvement in data coverage has come from northern Asia, and the database has consequently been renamed the Eurasian Modern Pollen Database to reflect this geographical enlargement. The EMPD can be viewed online using a dedicated map-based viewer at https://empd2.github.io and downloaded in a variety of file formats at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.909130 (Chevalier et al., 2019).</jats:p