Variabilidad en las trayectorias de adopción de la agricultura en el sur de Sudamérica

Variabilidad en las trayectorias de adopción de la agricultura en el sur de Sudaméric

Editorial

Fil: Ots, María José. CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas) - Universidad Nacional de CuyoFil: Prieto Olavarría, Cristina Alejandra. CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas) - Universidad Nacional de CuyoFil: Gil, Adolfo F.. CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas) - Universidad Nacional de Cuy

Intensificación en el límite meridional de la agricultura prehispánica: una perspectiva zooarqueológica

El tema de la intensificación ha suscitado fuertes y numerosos debates en arqueología, ayudando a entender y discutir procesos y cambios significativos en la historia de la humanidad, tales como crecimiento demográfico, orígenes de la agricultura, transiciones culturales, complejidad social y desarrollos tecnológicos, entre otros. El estudio de la subsistencia humana en los límites de la agricultura prehispánica americana es un tema central para entender el proceso de cambio de los sistemas humano-ambientales en el pasado. La región del Centro Oeste Argentino constituye un modelo de estudio apropiado para enfocar dicha problemática. La arqueología de esta región ha definido importantes cambios en la tecnología y la subsistencia humana durante el Holoceno tardío. Así, diversas investigaciones han propuesto la diversificación e intensificación en la explotación de los recursos desde los ca. 2000 años AP. Por otro lado, investigaciones arqueológicas realizadas al sur del río Diamante han puesto en duda un escenario de intensificación. Algunos de estos últimos estudios realizados desde una perspectiva zooarqueológica, han intentado correlacionar estadísticamente algunas variables (altitud, cronología, cálculos sobre dependencia de recursos de alto rendimiento) para evaluar los cambios en la subsistencia humana de las poblaciones del Centro Oeste Argentino a través del tiempo, cuyos resultados no permitieron ser asociados claramente a dicho proceso de intensificación/diversificación posterior a los ca. 2000 años AP.Este trabajo evalúa, desde una perspectiva zooarqueológica, cambios en la subsistencia de las poblaciones prehispánicas y explora tendencias de contextos arqueológicos del norte de Mendoza, para discutirlos en el marco del proceso de intensificación regional propuesto para el Centro Occidente Argentino.Fil: López, José Manuel. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Arqueología y Etnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Neme, Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Gil, Adolfo F.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaV Congreso Nacional de Zooarqueología ArgentinaSan Fernando del Valle de CatamarcaArgentinaUniversidad Nacional de Catamarca. Escuela de Arqueologí

Human diet, mobility and technology in a mortuary context at Atuel river valley: Cañada Seca-1 archaelogical record (San Rafael, Mendoza)

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo caracterizar el sitio Cañada Seca-1, un entierro múltiple (NMI=24) localizado en el valle del Atuel y fechado en ca. 1500 años AP, a través de la integración de diferentes líneas de evidencia. A partir de este registro se discuten las interpretaciones en torno a la presencia de cultígenos y sus implicancias para la subsistencia humana en un área caracterizada tradicionalmente como el límite de la dispersión agrícola sudamericana, ca. 2200 años AP. Los resultados destacan que los individuos inhumados en el sitio no habrían desarrollado una estrategia fundamentalmente agrícola, aunque el maíz formó parte de su dieta. Además, la nueva información sobre los comportamientos mortuorios en la zona del valle del Atuel, ofrece evidencias tanto sobre movilidad como sobre el uso de tecnologías utilitarias (líticas) y no utilitarias (ornamentos líticos y malacológicos) que trascendieron la vida cotidiana y los acompañaron en la muerte.The goal of this paper is to describe an archaeological burial site with commingled skeletal remains, named Cañada Seca-1 (MNI= 24), located in the Atuel River valley and dating from ca. 1500 years BP. This is performed by integrating well-known and recently developed lines of inquiry. Based on this record, we discuss interpretations related to cultigen presence and its implications in human subsistence and mobility, in an area traditionally characterized as the pre-Hispanic agricultural limit, ca. 2200 years BP. Results show that the individuals did not developed a farming strategy, although maize seems to have been part of their diet. In turn, the new information about mortuary behavior in the Atuel River valley provides new insights regarding mobility, as well as the use of utilitarian (lithics) and nonutilitarian (lithic and malacological ornaments) technology that went beyond these peoples’ life into their death.Sociedad Argentina de Antropologí

Follow-up with Telemedicine in Early Discharge for COPD Exacerbations: Randomized Clinical Trial (TELEMEDCOPD-Trial)

The results reported by different studies on telemonitoring in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been contradictory, without showing clear benefits to date. The objective of this study was to ascertain whether an early discharge and home hospitalization telehealth program for patients with COPD exacerbation is as effective as and more efficient than a traditional early discharge and home hospitalization program. A prospective experimental non-inferiority study, randomized into two groups (telemedicine/control) was conducted. The telemedicine group underwent monitoring and was required to transmit data on vital constants and ECGs twice per day, with a subsequent telephone call and 2 home visits by healthcare staff (intermediate and at discharge). The control group received daily visits. The main variable was time until first exacerbation. The secondary variables were: number of exacerbations; use of healthcare resources; satisfaction; quality of life; anxiety-depression; and therapeutic adherence, measured at one and 6 months of hospital discharge. A total of 116 patients were randomized (58 to each group) without significant differences in baseline characteristics or time until first exacerbation, i.e. median 48 days (pp. 25-75:23-120) in the control group, and 47 days (pp. 25-75:19-102) in the intervention group; p = 0.52). A significant decrease in the number of visits was observed in the intervention versus the control group, 3.8 ± 1 vs 5.1 ± 2(p = 0.001), without significant differences in the number of exacerbations. In conclusion follow-up via a telemedicine program in early discharge after hospitalization is as effective as conventional home follow up, being the cost of either strategy not significantly different.This study was awarded a Health Research Fund (Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias/FIS) grant, dossier No. PI12/01161 of the Carlos III Institute of Health and the Ministry of Sciences, Innovation and Universities.S

Characterization of Tajogaite volcanic plumes detected over the Iberian Peninsula from a set of satellite and ground-based remote sensing instrumentation

Three volcanic plumes were detected during the Tajogaite volcano eruptive activity (Canary Islands, Spain, September–December 2021) over the Iberian Peninsula. The spatiotemporal evolution of these events is characterised by combining passive satellite remote sensing and ground-based lidar and sun-photometer systems. The inversion algorithm GRASP is used with a suite of ground-based remote sensing instruments such as lidar/ ceilometer and sun-photometer from eight sites at different locations throughout the Iberian Peninsula. Satellite observations showed that the volcanic ash plumes remained nearby the Canary Islands covering a mean area of 120 ± 202 km2 during the whole period of eruptive activity and that sulphur dioxide plumes reached the Iberian Peninsula

Clinical Audits in Outpatient Clinics for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Methodological Considerations and Workflow

Objectives: Previous clinical audits for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have provided valuable information on the clinical care delivered to patients admitted to medical wards because of COPD exacerbations. However, clinical audits of COPD in an outpatient setting are scarce and no methodological guidelines are currently available. Based on our previous experience, herein we describe a clinical audit for COPD patients in specialized outpatient clinics with the overall goal of establishing a potential methodological workflow.Methods: A pilot clinical audit of COPD patients referred to respiratory outpatient clinics in the region of Andalusia, Spain (over 8 million inhabitants), was performed. The audit took place between October 2013 and September 2014, and 10 centers (20% of all public hospitals) were invited to participate. Cases with an established diagnosis of COPD based on risk factors, clinical symptoms, and a post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio of less than 0.70 were deemed eligible. The usefulness of formally scheduled regular follow-up visits was assessed. Two different databases (resources and clinical database) were constructed. Assessments were planned over a year divided by 4 three-month periods, with the goal of determining seasonal-related changes. Exacerbations and survival served as the main endpoints.Conclusions: This paper describes a methodological framework for conducting a clinical audit of COPD patients in an outpatient setting. Results from such audits can guide health information systems development and implementation in real-world settings.This study was financially supported by an unrestricted grant from Laboratorios Menarini, SA (Barcelona, Spain)

Expression and activity profiles of DPP IV/CD26 and NEP/CD10 glycoproteins in the human renal cancer are tumor-type dependent

[Background] Cell-surface glycoproteins play critical roles in cell-to-cell recognition, signal transduction and regulation, thus being crucial in cell proliferation and cancer etiogenesis and development. DPP IV and NEP are ubiquitous glycopeptidases closely linked to tumor pathogenesis and development, and they are used as markers in some cancers. In the present study, the activity and protein and mRNA expression of these glycoproteins were analysed in a subset of clear-cell (CCRCC) and chromophobe (ChRCC) renal cell carcinomas, and in renal oncocytomas (RO).[Methods] Peptidase activities were measured by conventional enzymatic assays with fluorogen-derived substrates. Gene expression was quantitatively determined by qRT-PCR and membrane-bound protein expression and distribution analysis was performed by specific immunostaining.Peer reviewe

Impact of the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the outcome of neurosurgical patients: A nationwide study in Spain

Objective To assess the effect of the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the outcome of neurosurgical patients in Spain. Settings The initial flood of COVID-19 patients overwhelmed an unprepared healthcare system. Different measures were taken to deal with this overburden. The effect of these measures on neurosurgical patients, as well as the effect of COVID-19 itself, has not been thoroughly studied. Participants This was a multicentre, nationwide, observational retrospective study of patients who underwent any neurosurgical operation from March to July 2020. Interventions An exploratory factorial analysis was performed to select the most relevant variables of the sample. Primary and secondary outcome measures Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of mortality and postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results Sixteen hospitals registered 1677 operated patients. The overall mortality was 6.4%, and 2.9% (44 patients) suffered a perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of those infections, 24 were diagnosed postoperatively. Age (OR 1.05), perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR 4.7), community COVID-19 incidence (cases/10 5 people/week) (OR 1.006), postoperative neurological worsening (OR 5.9), postoperative need for airway support (OR 5.38), ASA grade =3 (OR 2.5) and preoperative GCS 3-8 (OR 2.82) were independently associated with mortality. For SARS-CoV-2 postoperative infection, screening swab test <72 hours preoperatively (OR 0.76), community COVID-19 incidence (cases/10 5 people/week) (OR 1.011), preoperative cognitive impairment (OR 2.784), postoperative sepsis (OR 3.807) and an absence of postoperative complications (OR 0.188) were independently associated. Conclusions Perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection in neurosurgical patients was associated with an increase in mortality by almost fivefold. Community COVID-19 incidence (cases/10 5 people/week) was a statistically independent predictor of mortality. Trial registration number CEIM 20/217

Determinants of penetrance and variable expressivity in monogenic metabolic conditions across 77,184 exomes

Penetrance of variants in monogenic disease and clinical utility of common polygenic variation has not been well explored on a large-scale. Here, the authors use exome sequencing data from 77,184 individuals to generate penetrance estimates and assess the utility of polygenic variation in risk prediction of monogenic variants