Kinetic and mechanistic analysis of azo dyes decolorization by ZVI-assisted Fenton systems: pH-dependent shift in the contributions of reductive and oxidative transformation pathways

The chemical decolorization of the azo-dye Acid Black 1 (AB1) by ZVI-assisted Fenton systems was investigated for assessing the relative importance of reductive and oxidative pathways. To this end, system evolution was followed by UV–vis, HPLC, CG–MS, TOC and toxicity measurements. The effects of reaction conditions including initial pH, oxidants (O2 and H2O2) concentrations, ZVI loading, and the presence of SO42− were studied. Mechanistic issues were addressed by following H2O2, Fe(II), Fe(III) and pH profiles, as well as by performing experiments in the presence of iron-complexing agents (o-phenanthroline and EDTA) or reactive species scavengers (2-propanol and DMSO). Results show that AB1 reduction occurs through heterogeneous processes with moderate to low pH dependent rates, whereas AB1 oxidation is ruled by the Fenton reaction with significantly pH dependent rates. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that AB1 decolorization in ZVI-assisted Fenton systems involves both oxidative and reductive pathways, whose relative contributions significantly change as the initial pH is raised from 3 to 5. In acidic media, AB1 is mostly transformed by oxidative pathways linked to H2O2 consumption. In contrast, in circumneutral media, a rather inefficient H2O2 consumption leads to similar contributions of oxidative and reductive AB1 transformation pathways. A detailed analysis of the pH dependence of the key reactions involved suggests that the overall system behavior is ruled by a shift in the oxidation mechanism of Fe(II) species, as a consequence of the development of a thigh corrosion layer onto ZVI particles at circumneutral pH values.Fil: Donadelli, Jorge Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: Carlos, Luciano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos, Biotecnología y Energías Alternativas. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos, Biotecnología y Energías Alternativas; ArgentinaFil: Arques, Antonio. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; EspañaFil: Garcia Einschlag, Fernando Sebastian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas; Argentin

Originality and Mediterranean stimuli in the Iberian ceramics: the example of Elche

En este trabajo analizamos la iconografía de la cerámica ibérica del Sudeste español centrándonos en el ejemplo de Elche (Alicante), cuyo floruit productivo se sitúa en época helenística (III-I a.C). Frente a las interpretaciones comparatistas anteriores, que buscaban en la representación local un simple reflejo de otras culturas mediterráneas, a través fundamentalmente de los modelos figurativos griegos y púnicos, proponemos aquí un modelo que explique internamente estas imágenes, sin renunciar, por otra parte, en casos concretos a reconocer en ellas una determinada influencia formal —y hasta religiosa— helenizante o púnica. Las representaciones vegetal, animal y humana constituyen una estructura orgánica en la cual los elementos se sustituyen alternativamente codefiniéndose unos a otros. Las excepciones aparentes pueden hallar una justificación interna dentro del propio universo figurativo ibérico.Dans ce travail, nous analysons l'iconographie de la céramique ibérique du Sud-Est espagnol, nous centrant sur l'exemple d'Elche (dpt. Alicante), dont le fíoruit se situé á l'époque hellénistique (lile á 1er s. a.C). Face aux interprétations comparatistes antérieures, qui essayaient de voir la représentation lócale comme un simple reflet d'autres cultures méditerranéennes, á travers fondamentalement les mondes figuratifs grecs et puniques, nous proposons ici un modele qui explique internement ees images, sans pour autant renoncer, dans des cas concrets, á y reconnaitre une influence formelle —et religieuse— hellénisante ou punique. Les représentations végétale, anímale et humaine constituent une structure organique dans laque- He les éléments se remplacent alternativement ou se codéfinissent les uns les autres, et dans laquelle les exceptions apparentes peuvent trouver une justification interne dans Punivers figuratif ibérique lui-méme

Exogenous Nitro-Oleic Acid Treatment Inhibits Primary Root Growth by Reducing the Mitosis in the Meristem in Arabidopsis thaliana

Nitric oxide (NO) is a second messenger that regulates a broad range of physiological processes in plants. NO-derived molecules called reactive nitrogen species (RNS) can react with unsaturated fatty acids generating nitrated fatty acids (NO2-FA). NO2-FA work as signaling molecules in mammals where production and targets have been described under different stress conditions. Recently, NO2-FAs were detected in plants, however their role(s) on plant physiological processes is still poorly known. Although in this work NO2-OA has not been detected in any Arabidopsis seedling tissue, here we show that exogenous application of nitro-oleic acid (NO2-OA) inhibits Arabidopsis primary root growth; this inhibition is not likely due to nitric oxide (NO) production or impaired auxin or cytokinin root responses. Deep analyses showed that roots incubated with NO2-OA had a lower cell number in the division area. Although this NO2-FA did not affect the hormonal signaling mechanisms maintaining the stem cell niche, plants incubated with NO2-OA showed a reduction of cell division in the meristematic area. Therefore, this work shows that the exogenous application of NO2-OA inhibits mitotic processes subsequently reducing primary root growth.Fil: Di Fino, Luciano Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Cerrudo, Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Salvatore, Sonia Rosana. Univeristy of Pittsburgh. School of Medicine; Estados UnidosFil: Schopfer, Francisco Jose. University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown; Estados UnidosFil: Garcia-Mata, Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Laxalt, Ana Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentin

Mechanisms of 4-phenylazophenol elimination in micro- And nano-ZVI assisted-Fenton systems

The 4-phenylazophenol (4-PAP), was treated with two different sources of metallic iron (ZVI): commercial micrometric powder (pZVI) and nanoparticles synthetized by the borohydride reduction method (nZVI). 4-PAP degradation was studied both in the absence and in the presence of H2O2 at different pHs. The degradation products of 4-PAP in each treatment were followed by LC-MS and CG-MS. Results showed that, in the absence of H2O2, the azo bond reduction of 4-PAP with the formation of amines was the main mechanism involved for both ZVI sources and nZVI exhibited a faster substrate removal than pZVI. In the presence of H2O2, an additional mechanism involving the oxidation mediated by hydroxyl radicals takes place. For pZVI, the addition of H2O2 produced a complete inhibition of the reduction pathway, being the oxidation the main degradation mechanism. In the case of nZVI, the system behavior showed an important dependence on the working pH. At pH 3.00, oxidative transformation pathways prevailed, whereas at pH 5.00 an almost negligible degradation -mainly driven by 4-PAP reduction- was observed. The assessment of the involved reaction mechanisms under different conditions allows the selection of the most suitable source for a specific treatment.Fil: Donadelli, Jorge Andrés. YPF - Tecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Caram, Bruno Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: Kalaboka, Maria. University of Ioannina; GreciaFil: Kapsi, Margarita. University of Ioannina; GreciaFil: Sakkas, Vasilios A.. University of Ioannina; GreciaFil: Carlos, Luciano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos, Biotecnología y Energías Alternativas. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos, Biotecnología y Energías Alternativas; ArgentinaFil: Garcia Einschlag, Fernando Sebastian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas; Argentin

Intervenções mente-corpo para o tratamento de insônia: uma revisão

OBJECTIVE: As insomnia is highly prevalent, and side effects of medication are well-known, mind-body interventions are increasingly being sought. The objective of this study is to present a narrative review regarding the effects of mind-body interventions for the treatment of insomnia. METHOD: A PubMed search was conducted including only randomized, controlled trials in which the main objective was to treat insomnia. DISCUSSION: Twelve studies were selected. In three of the studies, objective parameters (polysomnography) were analyzed. Mind-body interventions were able to improve sleep efficiency and total sleep time. Most can ameliorate sleep quality; some can reduce the use of hypnotic drugs in those who are dependent on these drugs. CONCLUSION: According to the studies we selected, self-reported sleep was improved by all mind-body treatments, among them yoga, relaxation, Tai Chi Chih and music. Cognitive behavioral therapy seems to be the most effective mind-body intervention. Cognitive behavioral therapy was the only intervention that showed better results than medication. However, considering that only five of the twelve studies chosen reached a score of 3 in the Jadad scale, new studies with a higher methodological quality have to be conducted especially in mind-body interventions that belong to the complementary or alternative medicine field.OBJETIVO: Considerando-se que a insônia é altamente prevalente, e os efeitos colaterais das medicações para seu tratamento são bem conhecidos, pesquisas no campo das intervenções mente-corpo têm sido desenvolvidas. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar uma revisão narrativa sobre os efeitos das intervenções mente-corpo para o tratamento de insônia. MÉTODO: Uma busca pelo site Pubmed foi conduzida incluindo-se apenas estudos controlados e randomizados nos quais o principal objetivo era o tratamento da insônia. DISCUSSÃO: Doze estudos foram selecionados. Em três deles, parâmetros objetivos (polissonografia) foram analisados. Vários destes estudos mostraram melhora na qualidade do sono; em grupos de usuários de drogas hipnóticas ocorreu redução no uso das mesmas. CONCLUSÃO: De acordo com os estudos selecionados, todas as intervenções mente-corpo melhoraram ao menos a qualidade subjetiva do sono, dentre elas yoga, Tai Chi Chih e música. A terapia comportamental cognitiva parece ser a mais efetiva destas intervenções e foi a única que mostrou melhores resultados que a medicação. Porém, considerando que apenas cinco dos 12 estudos selecionados alcançaram o escore 3 na escala de Jadad, novos estudos com melhor qualidade metodológica precisam ser conduzidos especialmente dentre as intervenções mente-corpo que estão no campo das práticas complementares ou alternativas.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Department of PsychobiologyUniversidade Nove de Julho Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva e da FamíliaInstituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein Instituto do CérebroUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Instituto do SonoUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Department of GynecologyUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Centro Cochrane do BrasilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Department of PhysiologyUNIFESP, Department of PsychobiologyUNIFESP, Instituto do SonoUNIFESP, Department of GynecologyUNIFESP, Centro Cochrane do BrasilUNIFESP, Department of PhysiologySciEL

Hydrogen sulfide increases production of NADPH oxidase-dependent hydrogen peroxide and phospholipase D-derived phosphatidic acid in guard cell signaling

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important gaseous signaling molecule in plants that participates in stress responses and development. L-Cys desulfhydrase 1, one of the enzymatic sources of H2S in plants, participates in abscisic acid-induced stomatal closure. We combined pharmacological and genetic approaches to elucidate the involvement of H2S in stomatal closure and the interplay between H2S and other second messengers of the guard cell signaling network, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and phospholipase D (PLD)-derived phosphatidic acid in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Both NADPH oxidase isoforms, respiratory burst oxidase homolog (RBOH)D and RBOHF, were required for H2S-induced stomatal closure. In vivo imaging using the cytosolic ratiometric fluorescent biosensor roGFP2-Orp1 revealed that H2S stimulates H2O2 production in Arabidopsis guard cells. Additionally, we observed an interplay between H2S and PLD activity in the regulation of reactive oxygen species production and stomatal movement. The PLDα1 and PLDδ isoforms were required for H2S-induced stomatal closure, and most of the H2S-dependent H2O2 production required the activity of PLDα1. Finally, we showed that H2S induced increases in the PLDδ-derived phosphatidic acid levels in guard cells. Our results revealed the involvement of H2S in the signaling network that controls stomatal closure, and suggest that H2S regulates NADPH oxidase and PLD activity in guard cells.Fil: Scuffi, Denise. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Nietzel, Thomas. Westfalische Wilhelms Universitat; Alemania. Universitat Bonn; AlemaniaFil: Di Fino, Luciano Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Meyer, Andreas J.. Universitat Bonn; AlemaniaFil: Lamattina, Lorenzo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Schwarzlände, Markus. Westfalische Wilhelms Universitat; Alemania. Universitat Bonn; AlemaniaFil: Laxalt, Ana Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Garcia-Mata, Carlos. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentin

Nitro-oleic acid triggers ROS production via NADPH oxidase activation in plants: A pharmacological approach

Nitrated fatty acids (NO2-FAs) are important signaling molecules in mammals. NO2-FAs are formed by the addition reaction of nitric oxide- and nitrite-derived nitrogen dioxide with unsaturated fatty acid double bonds. The study of NO2-FAs in plant systems constitutes an interesting and emerging area. The presence of NO2-FA has been reported in olives, peas, rice and Arabidopsis. To gain a better understanding of the role of NO2-FA on plant physiology, we analyzed the effects of exogenous application of nitro-oleic acid (NO2-OA). In tomato cell suspensions we found that NO2-OA induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in a dose-dependent manner via activation of NADPH oxidases, a mechanism that requires calcium entry from the extracellular compartment and protein kinase activation. In tomato and Arabidopsis leaves, NO2-OA treatments induced two waves of ROS production, resembling plant defense responses. Arabidopsis NADPH oxidase mutants showed that NADPH isoform D (RBOHD) was required for NO2-OA-induced ROS production. In addition, on Arabidopsis isolated epidermis, NO2-OA induced stomatal closure via RBOHD and F. Altogether, these results indicate that NO2-OA triggers NADPH oxidase activation revealing a new signaling role in plants.Fil: Arruebarrena Di Palma, Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Di Fino, Luciano Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Salvatore, Sonia Rosana. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: D'Ambrosio, Juan Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Garcia-Mata, Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Schopfer, Francisco Jose. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Laxalt, Ana Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentin

South American Expert Roundtable : increasing adaptive governance capacity for coping with unintended side effects of digital transformation

This paper presents the main messages of a South American expert roundtable (ERT) on the unintended side effects (unseens) of digital transformation. The input of the ERT comprised 39 propositions from 20 experts representing 11 different perspectives. The two-day ERT discussed the main drivers and challenges as well as vulnerabilities or unseens and provided suggestions for: (i) the mechanisms underlying major unseens; (ii) understanding possible ways in which rebound effects of digital transformation may become the subject of overarching research in three main categories of impact: development factors, society, and individuals; and (iii) a set of potential action domains for transdisciplinary follow-up processes, including a case study in Brazil. A content analysis of the propositions and related mechanisms provided insights in the genesis of unseens by identifying 15 interrelated causal mechanisms related to critical issues/concerns. Additionally, a cluster analysis (CLA) was applied to structure the challenges and critical developments in South America. The discussion elaborated the genesis, dynamics, and impacts of (groups of) unseens such as the digital divide (that affects most countries that are not included in the development of digital business, management, production, etc. tools) or the challenge of restructuring small- and medium-sized enterprises (whose service is digitally substituted by digital devices). We identify specific issues and effects (for most South American countries) such as lack of governmental structure, challenging geographical structures (e.g., inclusion in high-performance transmission power), or the digital readiness of (wide parts) of society. One scientific contribution of the paper is related to the presented methodology that provides insights into the phenomena, the causal chains underlying “wanted/positive” and “unwanted/negative” effects, and the processes and mechanisms of societal changes caused by digitalization

Nitro-Oleic Acid Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Formation and Plant Defense Signaling in Tomato Cell Suspensions

Nitrated fatty acids (NO2-FAs) are formed by the addition reaction of nitric oxide- and nitrite-derived nitrogen dioxide with unsaturated fatty acids. Nitrated fatty acids act as signaling molecules in mammals through the formation of covalent adducts with cellular thiols. The study of NO2-FAs in plant systems constitutes an interesting and emerging area. The presence of NO2-FA has been reported in olives, peas, rice and in Arabidopsis. To gain a better understanding of the role of NO2-FA on plant physiology, we analyzed the effects of exogenous application of nitro-oleic acid (NO2-OA) to tomato cell cultures. We found that NO2-OA induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in a dose-dependent manner via activation of NADPH oxidases, which requires calcium entry from the extracellular compartment and protein kinase activation, a mechanism that resembles the plant defense responses. NO2-OA-induced ROS production, expression of plant defense genes and led to cell death. The mechanism of action of NO2-OA involves a reduction in the glutathione cellular pool and covalently addition reactions with protein thiols and reduced glutathione. Altogether, these results indicate that NO2-OA triggers responses associated with plant defense, revealing its possible role as a signal molecule in biotic stress.Fil: Arruebarrena Di Palma, Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Di Fino, Luciano Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Salvatore, Sonia Rosana. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: D'ambrosio, Juan Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Gergoff Grozeff, Gustavo Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Garcia-Mata, Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Schopfer, Francisco Jose. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Laxalt, Ana Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentin