Tensiones y paradojas en la materialización de las políticas sociales y de salud en Argentina (2004 - 2014): Una perspectiva feminista

En este artículo compartimos algunosanálisis trabajados en torno a las políticassociales en Argentina, desde una lecturafeminista. En el año 2004, la gestiónkirchnerista introdujo una reforma de lapolítica social basada en un enfoque dederechos y crítica de la lógica neoliberal,donde los subsidios son recibidos yadministrados por mujeres, lo cual refuerzala división sexual del trabajo. En este escritoabordaremos el modo en que se han idomaterializando las políticas sociales a partirde dicha reforma, para mostrar cómo estaredefinición creó un cruce singular entre laciudadanización de las mujeres (a través dela retórica de derechos y de los componentesde género en la política social) y las efectivasintervenciones, atravesadas por contradicciones,que profundizan la fragmentariedadentre medidas de distribución yreconocimiento en el Estado.This article seeks to share the analyses that we have carried out, from a feminist perspective, around social policies recently implemented in Argentina. In 2004, the Kirchner administration introduced a social policy reform based on a rights approach and critical of neoliberal rationality. In this scenario, subsidies are received and administered by women, a move that reinforces the sexual division of labor. Our analysis focuses on the actual implementation of policies, showing how this redefinition has created a peculiar junction between bestowing democracy over women (through a rights rhetoric and the gender components in social policy) and the effective interventions, infused with contradictions that deepen the fragmentation between distribution and recognition within State actions.Fil: Anzorena, Claudia Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ciencias Humanas, Sociales y Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Yañez, Sabrina Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ciencias Humanas, Sociales y Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: García Ortíz, Mariana. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales. Carrera de Trabajo Social; ArgentinaFil: Serú, Paulina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales. Carrera de Sociología; Argentin

Plant growth promotion activity of Keratinolytic fungi growing on a recalcitrant waste known as "hair waste"

Purpureocillium lilacinum (Thom) Samsom is one of the most studied fungi in the control of plant parasitic nematodes. However, there is not specific information on its ability to inhibit some pathogenic bacteria, fungi, or yeast. This work reports the production of several antifungal hydrolytic enzymes by a strain of P. lilacinum when it is grown in a medium containing hair waste. The growth of several plant-pathogenic fungi, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, and Fusarium culmorum, was considerably affected by the presence of P. lilacinum’s supernatant. Besides antifungal activity, P. lilacinum demonstrates the capability to produce indoleacetic acid and ammonia during time cultivation on hair waste medium. Plant growth-promoting activity by cell-free supernatant was evidenced through the increase of the percentage of tomato seed germination from 71 to 85% after 48 hours. A 21-day plant growth assay using tomato plants indicates that crude supernatant promotes the growth of the plants similar to a reference fertilizer ( > 0.05). These results suggest that both strain and the supernatant may have potential to be considered as a potent biocontrol agent with multiple plant growth-promoting properties. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the antifungal, IAA production and tomato growth enhancing compounds produced by P. lilacinum LPSC #876.Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriale

Mineral Phosphate Solubilization in Burkholderia tropica Involves an Inducible PQQ-Glucose Dehydrogenase

Aims: The objective of this work was to provide knowledgement about the mechanism and regulation of the mineral phosphate solubilization in Burkholderia. tropica. To this end, the expression of the direct extracellular oxidative pathway in B. tropica was studied using different culture approaches.Study Design: Plate assays and batch cultures in flasks and bioreactor were carried out in this study with B. tropica Mto-293 like target organism. The experiments were achieved at least three times with two repetitions per time.Place and Duration of Study: Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales, UNLP, CCT-La Plata-CONICET, between November 2014-2015.Methodology: Qualitative plate assays with different Carbon sources were carried out for the evaluation of Mineral Phosphate Solubilization phenotype. Batch cultures in flasks were carried out with different Carbon, Phosphorus and Nitrogen sources to determine quantitatively soluble phosphorus, gluconic acid and other ketoacids in the supernatants, and also PQQ-linked glucose and gluconate dehydrogenase activities in whole cells. Cultures with some of the conditions mentioned before were carried out in bioreactor specifically to control pH.Results: This organism was able to produce significant amounts of gluconic acid via the expression of a PQQ-GDH and also showed a significant activity of GaDH. However, the direct oxidative pathway was only observed under conditions of Phosphorus starvation and/or Nitrogen fixation.Conclusion: The Mineral Phosphate Solubilization phenotype for B. tropica can be ascribed to the expression of the direct oxidative pathway which involves the expression of an active PQQ- linked glucose dehydrogenase. Nevertheless, this pathway is not expressed constitutively in this bacterium. Environmental conditions, like low P and N availability, led to an active extracellular glucose oxidation. Therefore, mineral phosphate solubilization in B. tropica involves an inducible pyrroloquinoline quinone-linked glucose dehydrogenase. These findings may contribute to the use of this bacterium as plant growth promoting bacteria reducing the dependence on chemical fertilizer.Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriale

Mineral Phosphate Solubilization in Burkholderia tropica Involves an Inducible PQQ-Glucose Dehydrogenase

Aims: The objective of this work was to provide knowledgement about the mechanism and regulation of the mineral phosphate solubilization in Burkholderia. tropica. To this end, the expression of the direct extracellular oxidative pathway in B. tropica was studied using different culture approaches.Study Design: Plate assays and batch cultures in flasks and bioreactor were carried out in this study with B. tropica Mto-293 like target organism. The experiments were achieved at least three times with two repetitions per time.Place and Duration of Study: Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales, UNLP, CCT-La Plata-CONICET, between November 2014-2015.Methodology: Qualitative plate assays with different Carbon sources were carried out for the evaluation of Mineral Phosphate Solubilization phenotype. Batch cultures in flasks were carried out with different Carbon, Phosphorus and Nitrogen sources to determine quantitatively soluble phosphorus, gluconic acid and other ketoacids in the supernatants, and also PQQ-linked glucose and gluconate dehydrogenase activities in whole cells. Cultures with some of the conditions mentioned before were carried out in bioreactor specifically to control pH.Results: This organism was able to produce significant amounts of gluconic acid via the expression of a PQQ-GDH and also showed a significant activity of GaDH. However, the direct oxidative pathway was only observed under conditions of Phosphorus starvation and/or Nitrogen fixation.Conclusion: The Mineral Phosphate Solubilization phenotype for B. tropica can be ascribed to the expression of the direct oxidative pathway which involves the expression of an active PQQ- linked glucose dehydrogenase. Nevertheless, this pathway is not expressed constitutively in this bacterium. Environmental conditions, like low P and N availability, led to an active extracellular glucose oxidation. Therefore, mineral phosphate solubilization in B. tropica involves an inducible pyrroloquinoline quinone-linked glucose dehydrogenase. These findings may contribute to the use of this bacterium as plant growth promoting bacteria reducing the dependence on chemical fertilizer.Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriale

Diversidad microbiana y productividad de tomate asociadas a la bioestimulación como estrategia de transición agroecológica

Se realizó un relevamiento de bacterias endófitas de tallo de cultivares de tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum) bajo cubierta con o sin tratamiento de bioestimulación en etapa de plantín, como estrategia para una transición agroecológica. La producción de tomate tardío y el rediseño de manejos para las coberturas fueron dos determinantes en este ensayo. Se determinó la capacidad bacteriana de promover el crecimiento vegetal in vitro y la productividad de los cultivos. No se encontró una relación directa entre la cantidad, diversidad y capacidad de promover el crecimiento vegetal de endófitos de tallo de tomate y la bioestimulación, características que estarían relacionadas al genotipo de tomate. El tomate platense mostró mayor biodiversidad de endófitos promotores del crecimiento vegetal que el hibrido BADRO y la variedad UCO, pero como línea genética, no resultó apropiada como cultivo de tomate tardío. En cambio, el hibrido BADRO y la variedad UCO mostraron buenos rendimientos y respondieron a la bioestimulación.A survey of endophytic bacteria from stem of tomato cultivars under cover with or without biostimulation treatment in seedling stage was realized as strategy for an agroecological transition. Late tomato production and the redesign of the handlings for hedges were two determinants in this assay. Its ability to promote plant growth in vitro was determined and crop productivity was evaluated. No direct relationship was found between the amount, diversity and ability to promote plant growth of tomato stem endophytes and biostimulation, but these features would be related to tomato genotype. The platense tomato showed a greater biodiversity of endophytes with plant growth promoting characteristics comparing to the BADRO hybrid and UCO variety, but as genetic line, it was not suitable for cultivation as late tomato. However, the BADRO hybrid and UCO variety showed good yields and responded to biostimulation.Eje A1 Sistemas de producción de base agroecológica (Trabajos científicos)Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Sembrando derechos y cosechando sonrisas en tiempos de pandemia

Introducción: En marzo de este año el Decreto presidencial 297/2020 nos mostró una nueva realidad, la pandemia de COVID-19 había llegado al país, sumiéndonos en una nueva realidad. “SEMBRANDO DERECHOS Y COSECHANDO SONRISAS”, fue la propuesta para la convocatoria 2018 que se convirtió en Proyecto Acreditado y Subsidiado para la difusión de los Derechos Sanitarios. La Escuela de Enseñanza Secundaria n°7 de la Ciudad de Magdalena, una secundaria con orientación en arte teatral nos dio un espacio y una agradable sorpresa en diciembre de 2019. Habida cuenta del éxito y proyectando futuras actividades hacia la comunidad educativa y la comunidad en general con el director Prof. Leandro Álvarez, es que nos propusimos la continuidad en la convocatoria 2019. Objetivos: Sostener la difusión de los derechos sanitarios en el contexto de pandemia. Adecuar los roles grupales al trabajo virtual colaborativo. generar material de difusión para diferentes plataformas digitales. Utilizar las redes sociales para retroalimentar el contacto. Realizar capacitaciones docentes virtuales en la temática. Metodología: La metodología seleccionada fue la participación colaborativa de los integrantes del proyecto, con la participación comunidad educativa. Los grupos de trabajo integrados por docentes y alumnos, se reasignaron los roles previstos en la presencialidad a una nueva operatividad a distancia. Se fijaron reuniones quincenales para generar estrategias, consultar a la comunidad educativa, elaborando material de difusión digitalizado para enviar por medios informáticos como la aplicación WhatsApp y por email. Atento a que parte de la comunidad se desarrolla en contexto rural, no teniendo buen acceso a internet, se estableció como estrategia complementaria la generación de espacios en redes sociales. La Secretaría de Extensión de la FOLP gestionó la readecuación de recursos del proyecto en insumos para la vuelta a las actividades presenciales de la escuela. Se realizó la capacitación a los Docentes vía plataforma ZOOM destinándoles el material digital generado. Resultados y Conclusiones: Se generaron de manera colaborativa 3 videos, de un minuto aproximadamente, 2 banner de difusión digital, un sitio de Instagram, así como una capacitación a los docentes interesados de la escuela.Facultad de Odontologí

Fusión del derecho al arte, bioética y derechos sanitarios

En el periodo de la adolescencia se produce la estructuración de la personalidad del individuo, a través de intensas transformaciones en los aspectos corporales, psicológicos y en sus relaciones. Las enfermedades bucales prevalentes pueden prevenirse con medidas de auto cuidado y de protección específica. Por tanto, incluir estos contenidos en el ámbito de los adolescentes posibilita que éstos resignifiquen en forma positiva su percepción de la salud bucal e identifiquen, reclamen y, finalmente, ejerzan sus derechos sanitarios.Trabajo publicado en Herrero, D.; Sosa, B.; Brutti, F.; Prado, M. (comps.). Reflexiones y desafíos de la extensión universitaria en América Latina. Tandil: UNICEN, 2021.Facultad de Odontologí

Adelante / Endavant

Séptimo desafío por la erradicación de la violencia contra las mujeres del Institut Universitari d’Estudis Feministes i de Gènere "Purificación Escribano" de la Universitat Jaume

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat