El contrato de redescuento y las entidades que desarrollan la actividad de banca de segundo piso en Colombia

La importancia de este tema está fundamentada en la polémica generada a raíz de la iniciativa del Gobierno Nacional para fusionar las entidades de redescuento que actualmente funcionan en Colombia, lo cual se está llevando a cabo a través de Decretos de Facultades Extraordinarias que permiten al señor Presidente decidir sobre el futuro de estos bancos de segundo piso. El argumento en el que se apoya el Gobierno, se sostiene en la política de reducción de la rama administrativa y especialmente del presupuesto nacional, punto que será examinado detenidamente. El proyecto pretende concluir, de forma posterior a la descripción del redescuento, sus diferencias de otras operaciones financieras y de las demás figuras jurídicas con las que suele ser comparado, la viabilidad y conveniencia real de la iniciativa gubernamental, lo cual se hará mediante un examen valorativo de cada una de las entidades que actualmente llevan a cabo ésta operación y de los resultados obtenidos desde su funcionamiento, así como el estudio de los motivos que impulsaron a la autoridad monetaria para crearla. Para concluir, y de manera independientemente a los resultados que se obtienen en los capítulos anteriores, se plantea la forma en que jurídicamente se debe proceder para la fusión de las distintas entidades, sus inconvenientes y efectos en el campo del derecho constitucional, económico y administrativo. El tema fue desarrollado desde una óptica estrictamente jurídica, teniendo en cuenta, en lo estrictamente necesario la materia financiera, de especial relevancia en este concepto.Abogado (a)Pregrad

On The Modeling And Real-Time Control Of Urban Drainage Systems: A Survey

Drainage network are complex systems composed by several processes including recollection, transport, storing, wastewater and/or rain treatment, and return of the water to a receiving environment. Urban drainage systems (UDS) involve most of these processes inside cities and can be either separate or combined systems, depending on how wastewater and rainwater are managed. The way UDS manage the wastewater is through the convenient handling of active elements such as gates (redirection and/or retention), storing tanks and pumping stations, when needed. Therefore, the modeling and control of UDS basically consists in knowing and representing the (dynamical) behavior of those elements and manage them properly in order to achieve a given set of control objectives, such as minimization of flooding in streets or maximization of treated wastewater in the system. Given the large number of elements composing a UDS and the interaction between them, management and control strategies may depend on highly complex system models, what implies the explicit difficulty for designing real-time control strategies. This paper makes a review on the huge world of models used to describe, simulate, and control UDS. Moreover, a revision of the techniques and strategies commonly used for the control of these systems is also presented and discussed. Mechanisms that ensure the correct operation of the UDS under presence of failures or communication flaws in the system are considered as well

On the modeling and real-time control of urban drainage systems: A survey

Drainage networks are complex systems composed by several processes including recollection, transport, storing, treatment, and releasing the water to a receiving environment. The way Urban Drainage Systems (UDS) manage wastewater is through the convenient handling of active elements such as gates (redirection and/or retention), storing tanks, and pumping stations, when needed. Therefore, modeling and control of UDS basically consists in knowing and representing the (dynamical) behavior of these elements and managing them properly in order to achieve a given set of control objectives, such as minimization of flooding in streets or maximization of treated wastewater in the system. Given the large number of elements composing an UDS and the interaction between them, management and control strategies may depend on highly complex system models, which implies the explicit difficulty for designing real-time control (RTC) strategies. This paper makes a review of the models used to describe, simulate, and control UDS, proposes a revision of the techniques and strategies commonly used for the control UDS, and finally compares several control strategies based on a case study.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author’s final draft

Modeling and real-time control of urban drainage systems : a review

Urban drainage systems (UDS) may be considered large–scale systems given their large number of associated states and decision actions, making challenging their real–time control (RTC) design. Moreover, the complexity of the dynamics of the UDS makes necessary the development of strategies for the control design. This paper reviews and discusses several techniques and strategies commonly used for the control of UDS. Moreover, the models to describe, simulate, and control the transport of wastewater in UDS are also reviewed.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

ARID2 deficiency promotes tumor progression and is associated with higher sensitivity to chemotherapy in lung cancer

The survival rate in lung cancer remains stubbornly low and there is an urgent need for the identification of new therapeutic targets. In the last decade, several members of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes have been described altered in different tumor types. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms of their impact on cancer progression, as well as the application of this knowledge to cancer patient management are largely unknown. In this study, we performed targeted sequencing of a cohort of lung cancer patients on genes involved in chromatin structure. In addition, we studied at the protein level the expression of these genes in cancer samples and performed functional experiments to identify the molecular mechanisms linking alterations of chromatin remodeling genes and tumor development. Remarkably, we found that 20% of lung cancer patients show ARID2 protein loss, partially explained by the presence of ARID2 mutations. In addition, we showed that ARID2 deficiency provokes profound chromatin structural changes altering cell transcriptional programs, which bolsters the proliferative and metastatic potential of the cells both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we demonstrated that ARID2 deficiency impairs DNA repair, enhancing the sensitivity of the cells to DNA-damaging agents. Our findings support that ARID2 is a bona fide tumor suppressor gene in lung cancer that may be exploited therapeutically.Financial Support: I. V. is supported by SAF2012-31627 and SAF2016-76758-R grants from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), by a Fundación Ramón Areces grant and by ERC2014-StG637904 grant from the European Research Council. I. V has been awardee of the Programa Ramón y Cajal (MINECO, Spain). T. M has been awardee of the Ayudas para la contratación de investigadores predoctorales (MINECO, Spain). B. M is awardee of the Ayudas para la formación de profesorado universitario (FPU, Ministerio de Educación y Formación Profesional, Spain). PC laboratory is supported by grant SAF-2015-63638R (MINECO/FEDER, UE); by Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC) and by Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (AECC), grant GCB141423113. BC has been supported by a Retos Jóvenes Investigadores grant SAF2015-73364-JIN (AEI/FEDER, UE) and a grant from Fundación Francisco Cobos. P. S. is supported by the Francis Crick Institute, which receives its core funding from Cancer Research UK (FC001152), the UK Medical Research Council (FC001152). HUCA/IUOPA which is jointly financed by Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III and Fundación Bancaria Cajastur. This research was funded in part by the Wellcome Trust [FC001152]

Association between perceived neighborhood built environment and walking and cycling for transport among inhabitants from Latin America : the ELANS study

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Purpose: This study aimed to examine the associations of the perceived neighborhood built environment with walking and cycling for transport in inhabitants from Latin American countries. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 9218 participants (15–65 years) from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health, which included a nationally representative sample of eight countries. All participants completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Long Form for measure walking and cycling for transport and the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale-Abbreviated. Furthermore, perceived proximity from home to public open spaces and shopping centers was assessed. Results: Perceived land use mix-access (OR: 1.32; 95%CI: 1.16,1.50) and the existence of many alternative routes in the neighbourhood (1.09 1.01,1.17) were associated with higher odds of reporting any walking for transport (≥10 min/week). Perceived slow speed of traffic (1.88 1.82,1.93) and few drivers exceeding the speed limits (1.92; 1.86,1.98) were also related to higher odds of reporting any walking for transport. The odds of reporting any cycling for transport (≥10 min/week) were higher in participants perceiving more walking/cycling facilities (1.87 1.76,1.99), and better aesthetics (1.22 1.09,1.38). Conclusions: Dissimilar perceived neighborhood built environment characteristics were associated with walking and cycling for transport among inhabitants from Latin America.Fieldwork and data analysis compromised in ELANS protocol was supported by a scientific grant from the Coca Cola Company, and by grant and/or support from Instituto Pensi/Hospital Infantil Sabara, International Life Science Institute of Argentina, Universidad de Costa Rica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Universidad Central de Venezuela (CENDES-UCV)/Fundación Bengoa, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, and Instituto de Investigación Nutricional de Peru. André Werneck is supported by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) with a PhD scholarship (FAPESP process: 2019/24124-7). This paper presents independent research. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the acknowledged institutions. The funding sponsors had no role in study design; the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The Caldera. No. 18

En las tres primeras semanas de agosto, concretamente los días 4, 14 y 18, nuestra querida Institución, recibió 132 jóvenes oradores, de quince Colegios de Bucaramanga y del área metropolitana, interesados en participar en la segunda versión del Concurso de Oratoria; el área de Lengua Castellana quiere resaltar la, cada vez más positiva, acogida a este magno evento, cuyo objetivo central se enfoca en posibilitar un espacio significativo para los jóvenes educandos de los grados noveno, décimo y undécimo, con el fin de poner en práctica sus habilidades comunicativas, el planteamiento de sus ideas y el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico, a través de la palabra; este año los discursos se centraron en la relación que los jóvenes pueden establecer entre paz, literatura y medios de comunicación; es interesante y gratificante ver cómo los jóvenes, aceptaron este reto y, para las eliminatorias de este año, se presentaron casi el triple de los participantes del año anterior (47, asistieron en el año 2014); se seleccionaron 17 finalistas, que se disputaron los tres primeros lugares en la gran final, el 28 de Agosto, en el marco de Ulibro 2015. Este año el primer lugar fue para la oradora del Colegio San Pedro, la estudiante Andrea Juliana Sepúlveda, de noveno grado, quien descolló entre los participantes.Trabajo por proyectos en el Instituto Caldas; Por: Gisela Afanador Díaz…04 Por: Gisela Afanador Díaz; Por: Juliana García Pérez…09 Reloj Solar 2015; Por: Silvia Peñuela Suárez…11 II Concurso Inter Colegiado de Oratoria; Por: Camila Briceño…12 Expresiones Caldistas…15 Primer Encuentro Inter Colegiado por la Convivencia Pacífica; Por: Carlos Alirio Castillo Portilla…27 Galería de Imágenes…28In the first three weeks of August, specifically on the 4th, 14th and 18th, our beloved Institution received 132 young speakers, from fifteen schools in Bucaramanga and the metropolitan area, interested in participating in the second version of the Speech Contest; The area of ​​Spanish Language wants to highlight the increasingly positive reception of this great event, whose central objective is focused on providing a meaningful space for young students of the ninth, tenth and eleventh grades, in order to put into practice their communication skills, the approach of their ideas and the development of critical thinking, through the word; This year the speeches focused on the relationship that young people can establish between peace, literature and the media; It is interesting and gratifying to see how the young people accepted this challenge and, for this year's qualifying rounds, almost three times the number of participants from the previous year showed up (47, attended in 2014); 17 finalists were selected, who competed for the first three places in the grand final, on August 28, within the framework of Ulibro 2015. This year the first place went to the speaker from Colegio San Pedro, student Andrea Juliana Sepúlveda, from ninth grade, who stood out among the participants

Causas e impactos de la deforestación de los bosques nativos de Argentina y propuestas de desarrollo alternativas

En el marco de la Ley Nacional Nº 26.331 de Presupuestos Mínimos de Protección Ambiental de los Bosques Nativos, se entiende como bosque nativo a todos los ecosistemas forestales naturales en distinto estado de desarrollo, de origen primario o secundario, que presentan una cobertura arbórea de especies nativas mayor o igual al 20 % con árboles que alcanzan una altura mínima de 3 metros y una ocupación continua mayor a 0,5 ha, incluyendo palmares. A partir de esta definición, todas las provincias del país presentaron sus Ordenamientos Territoriales de Bosques Nativos (OTBN), incorporando, además, otros criterios indicados en la normativa. Así, nuestro país cuenta con 53.654.545 de hectáreas de bosque nativo acreditados en el OTBN o 536.545 km² distribuidos en las 23 provincias, lo que representa el 19,2 % de la superficie continental del país.EEA Santa CruzFil: Mónaco, Martín H. Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible. Dirección Nacional de Bosques; ArgentinaFil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Medina, Fernando Ariel. Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible. Dirección Nacional de Bosques; ArgentinaFil: Colomb, Hernán Pablo. Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible. Dirección Nacional de Bosques; ArgentinaFil: Rosales, Victor Abel. Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible. Dirección Nacional de Bosques; ArgentinaFil: Berón, Fabio. Asociación Ingenieros Forestales Chubut; ArgentinaFil: Manghi, Eduardo. Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible. Dirección Nacional de Bosques; ArgentinaFil: Miño, Mariela Lorena. Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible. Dirección Nacional de Bosques; ArgentinaFil: Bono, Julieta. Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible. Dirección Nacional de Bosques; ArgentinaFil: Silva, Juan Ramón. Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible. Dirección Nacional de Bosques; ArgentinaFil: González Kehler, Juan José. Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible. Dirección Nacional de Bosques; ArgentinaFil: Ciuffoli, Lucia. Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible. Dirección Nacional de Bosques; ArgentinaFil: Presta, Florencia. Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible. Dirección Nacional de Bosques; ArgentinaFil: García Collazo, Agustina. Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible. Dirección Nacional de Bosques; ArgentinaFil: Navall, Marcelo. Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible. Dirección Nacional de Bosques; ArgentinaFil: Carranza, Carlos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi. Campo Anexo Villa Dolores; ArgentinaFil: López, Dardo Ruben. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi. Campo Anexo Villa Dolores; ArgentinaFil: Gómez Campero, Gabriela. Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible. Dirección Nacional de Bosques; Argentin

Investigaciones Teológicas-Eclesiales I

La labor del teólogo, como investigador, es la de aportar a la comprensión de situaciones que presentan confusión. La Teología, en diálogo constante con las demás ciencias humanas, puede brindar luces en momentos de ofuscación y desesperanza. Reflexiones teológicas-eclesiales / hace aportes en temas como la Familia; la Excomunión; el Amor y la Sabiduría; el Matrimonio; la Palabra de Dios; la Mujer; el Mundo Laical; la Fe y la Política; y, la Constitución Lumen Gentium. Sus autores, desde el abordaje académico y científico, presentan un texto de fácil comprensión para lectores con una educación mínimamente formal en torno a estudios de historia y religión. A la vez, ofrece horizontes de profundización a los investigadores del fenómeno histórico y cultural de la religión, dando continuidad a la serie de publicaciones sobre Investigaciones teológicas eclesiales