Qualidade de Vida no trabalho do Professor de Educação Física: reflexões sobre as possibilidades de um novo campo de investigação acadêmica

O presente artigo visa discutir as possibilidades da qualidade de vida no trabalho do professor deEducação Física, como um novo campo de investigação acadêmica. São analisadas as categorias “qualidade”,“qualidade de vida” e “trabalho”, com base em uma revisão sumária da literatura que não perde de vista ahistoricidade desses termos e sua relação com o setor da Educação Física e Esportes. Seu texto indica que ahistória da aventura humana em busca pela qualidade, tem sido também em sua maior parte, a história daadoção de condições inclusive subumanas, entre as formas de trabalho necessárias à sua consecução. Ocampo da Educação Física e Esportes oferece uma visão limitada de qualidade de vida, e necessita ampliálapara incluir o estudo da qualidade de vida no trabalho, de forma a contribuir para um maior nível dedemocratização social

Exercícios Físicos durante a Pandemia da COVID-19: do negativismo ao resgate das práticas protetivas

Introdução: Durante a pandemia, apesar da ausência de fundamentação científica, os exercícios ao ar livre, em academias e outros espaços foram contraindicados e proibidos. Contudo, em meio ao decurso pandêmico houve um momento inflexivo destas recomendações, antes mesmo do início da vacinação. Objetivo: Analisar ações políticas adotadas em saúde durante a pandemia de CoViD-19 e identificar o momento da inflexão que demarcou o resgate das razões para retorno do reconhecimento da prática mais ampla dos exercícios físicos como estratégia em medicina preventiva. Métodos: Realizou-se uma pesquisa exploratória, analisando e sintetizando evidências científicas atualizadas. Resultados: O fim do negativismo contra a prática dos exercícios ao ar livre, em academias e demais espaços como estratégia coadjuvante para enfrentamento da CoViD-19, teve início entre julho e agosto de 2020, aproximadamente. Conclusão: A prática de atividades e exercícios físicos constitui-se em medida protetiva à saúde que, durante o período da pandemia de CoViD-19, em razão das decisões políticas adotadas comprovaram-se como inadequadas para conter o avanço do coronavírus face às evidências científicas referentes à relação exercício físico – imunologia

O SAMURAI COMO METÁFORA DA SOCIEDADE JAPONESA

O corpo-samurai, marca a identidade do Japão desde a era medieval. A genealogia desse corpo indica que ele assume formas diferentes em função do prestígio dessa imagem e de sua relação com o Bushido. Na era Tokugawa, privilegiado pelo poder, torna-se uma metáfora da sociedade, depois na era Meiji, torna-se ícone do Japão. E atualmente desloca-se para o plano simbólico. Nesse estudo, analisamos a eficácia desse corpo-samurai e sua ética no Karatê. Observamos que a apropriação dessa imagem altera a subjetividade dos praticantes e tende a reduzir a eficácia do Bushido

The samurai myth in Japan’s imaginary: men and gods in the plot of the senses

The study indicates that the Japanese resignified the image of the samurai in the Meiji era. This artifice proved to be effective in unifying the new Japanese identity within and outside Japan with a focus on Yamato Damashi, whose strength even outside Japan maintained the sense of belonging. The study indicates that this feeling is reinvigorated by the practice of martial arts such as karate where ritual and ritual values reinforce subjective belief in a common origin

O ORIENTE DE FUNAKOSHI NO HORIZONTE DO KARATÊ DESPORTIVIZADO

O oriente de Funakoshi se projeta no karatê atual. Nesse viés, os deslocamentos de sentido da desportivização geram valores mesclados do Bushido que unem valores antigos e novos. Com isso o mestre perde autonomia diante da Federação que tende a investir numa estética padronizada e na educação do movimento. Isso acelera a desconstrução da prática que privilegiava o kata e o Bushido tradicional. Nesse sentido, objetiva-se analisar indícios de emergência de novos códigos culturais, caracterizadores de éticas mitigadas, como alternativas à ética do Bushido no sentido tradicional. Para atingi-lo, foi realizada uma pesquisa híbrida em que praticantes de Karatê Shotokan são questionados e entrevistados a partir do 1º Dan filiados à Federação de Karatê do Rio de Janeiro. Portanto, o estudo mostra que a ética do Bushido se desloca em direção a outros valores, ancorada na força imaginária do Bushido tradicional que pavimenta o campo para a legitimação de novos valores

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.13Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt