Las negociaciones diplomáticas por las Indias: tratados e intereses comerciales entre España e Inglaterra (siglo XVII)

Durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVII, la monarquía hispánica tuvo que hacer frente a la enemistad de Luis XIV, negociando alianzas diplomáticas con potencias como Inglaterra que buscaban en el comercio con América las contraprestaciones a su apoyo en Europa. El difícil equilibrio que los ministros del rey católico tuvieron que hacer durante décadas se plasma en las diferencias de criterio de los propios miembros del Consejo de Estado que tuvieron el tema americano muy presente a la hora de acordar tratados, paces y compensaciones ante tan arriesgado aliado.During the second half of XVIIth Century, the Spanish Crown look for allies in order to face Luis XIV’s threatening posture. Specially, the alliance with England meant American commercial concession and privileges. However, it was very difficult to keep an ad equated balance with such an ally; this hard task is shown in discrepancies opinions within State’s Council members

The power of a feminine network. The Family, life and death of Luisa de Velasco.

La documentación, generada por la muerte de Luisa de Velasco, permite sacar a la luz un entramado de relaciones entre mujeres de la élite, una parte de ellas servidoras en la corte española en el siglo XVII. Unidas por la amistad forjada en palacio y por sus lazos de sangre, gestionaron los intereses hereditarios de los Fernández de Velasco. Además, en este caso, podemos reconstruir y analizar una red que desde la Corte madrileña conectaba otros espacios de poder de la monarquía de los Austrias.Documentation produced after Luisa de Velasco’s death has enabled the discovery of a network of relationships among elite women, some of whom had been working as servants in the Spanish royal court in the seventeenth century. These women, who were bound to each other by a friendship cemented at the palace and by their blood ties, managed the hereditary interests of the Fernández de Velasco family. The documentation also enables us to reconstruct and analyse this network, which connected other areas of power of the Spanish Habsburg monarchy from the Court in Madrid

Felipe de Egmont, virrey de Cerdeña (1680-1682). El final del camino

El conde de Egmont (1623-1682) ejerció el cargo de virrey en Cerdeña, después de ser embajador extraordinario en Londres. Permaneció en Cáller dos años hasta su muerte y durante ese corto periodo de tiempo el Consejo de Aragón tuvo que censurarle en más de una ocasión por contravenir varias veces las Reales Pragmáticas.The Count of Egmont (1623-1682) served the office of viceroy in Sardinia, after his special ambassador in London. He stayed in Cagliari two years until his death and during that short period of time, more than once, the Council of Aragon disapproved his work several times for breaching the Royal Pragmatic and Royal Instructions

Entre los mares del Norte y del Sur. La política diplomática de la monarquía hispánica con Inglaterra (1680-1688)

Between the Caribbean and the Pacific, Panama appears as a geo-strategic location along which pass commercial and defensive interests of Spain and England. James II proposed a project to Spanish monarchy to finish with the pirates in America in the eighties. He picks up the idea of his brother and predecessor, Charles II Stuart. This project was the immediate predecessor of the union of the navy of both powers during the Nine Years’ War.Entre el Caribe y el Pacífico, Panamá aparece como un lugar geoestratégico por donde transitan los intereses comerciales y defensivos de España e Inglaterra. Jacobo II propone a la monarquía hispánica un proyecto para terminar con los piratas en América en la década de los ochenta. Recoge la idea de su hermano y antecesor en el cargo, Carlos II Estuardo. Dicho proyecto fue el precedente inmediato de la unión de las armadas de ambas potencias durante la guerra de los Nueve Años

El ajuste matrimonial de Juana Francisca de Córdoba y Velasco. Límites familiares en la corte de Felipe IV / The matrimonial adjustment of Juana Francisca de Córdoba and Velasco. Family boundaries in the court of Philip IV

RESUMEN: La búsqueda de un buen matrimonio para Juana Francisca de Córdoba, dama de la reina Isabel de Borbón, implicó a los Fernández de Velasco y su red parental hasta el punto de enfrentar los intereses de dos primas, la ya citada y la marquesa viuda de Mairena. La investigación analiza el proceso y las vicisitudes que conllevaban las negociaciones previas a un enlace matrimonial. En el estudio se ha tenido especial interés en comprobar el papel jugado por las mujeres implicadas en tan relevantes asuntos familiares. ABSTRACT: The quest of a good marriage for Juana Francisca de Córdoba, lady-in-waiting of Queen Isabel of Borbón, involved the Fernandez de Velasco and their parental network to the point of confronting the interests of two cousins, the aforementioned and the Marquise widow of Mairena. The research analyzes the process and the vicissitudes that involved the negotiations previous to a marriage. The study has been particularly interested in realizing the role played by the women implicated in such relevant family matters

Desafíos de género

Texto completo del número 21 de la revista Dossiers Feministes. Monográfico editado por Juncal Caballero Guiral y Carmen María Fernández Nadal, bajo el título «Desafíos de género»Text complet del número 21 de la revista Dossiers Feministes . Monogràfic editat per Juncal Caballero Guiral i Carmen María Fernández Nadal, sota el títol «Desafíos de género

Is it true coeliacs do not digest gliadin ?. Degradation pattern of gliadin in coeliac disease small intestinal mucosa

Prolyl-endopeptidase supplementation has been proposed to favour gliadin degradation as an alternative treatment for coeliac disease (CD), although the real usefulness of this therapy in vivo is still under discussion. 1 However, our data point to alternative treatments aiming to modify the intestinal microbiota in patients with CD by the use of probiotics and/or prebiotics. We propose that the induction of gliadin proteolysis in the human gut might not be the solution but the origin of CD

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Orthoxenografts of testicular germ cell tumors demonstrate genomic changes associated with cisplatin resistance and identify PDMP as a resensitizing agent

[Purpose] To investigate the genetic basis of cisplatin resistance as efficacy of cisplatin-based chemotherapy in the treatment of distinct malignancies is often hampered by intrinsic or acquired drug resistance of tumor cells.[Experimental Design] We produced 14 orthoxenograft transplanting human nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) in mice, keeping the primary tumor features in terms of genotype, phenotype, and sensitivity to cisplatin. Chromosomal and genetic alterations were evaluated in matched cisplatin-sensitive and their counterpart orthoxenografts that developed resistance to cisplatin in nude mice.[Results] Comparative genomic hybridization analyses of four matched orthoxenografts identified recurrent chromosomal rearrangements across cisplatin-resistant tumors in three of them, showing gains at 9q32-q33.1 region. We found a clinical correlation between the presence of 9q32-q33.1 gains in cisplatin-refractory patients and poorer overall survival (OS) in metastatic germ cell tumors. We studied the expression profile of the 60 genes located at that genomic region. POLE3 and AKNA were the only two genes deregulated in resistant tumors harboring the 9q32-q33.1 gain. Moreover, other four genes (GCS, ZNF883, CTR1, and FLJ31713) were deregulated in all five resistant tumors independently of the 9q32-q33.1 amplification. RT-PCRs in tumors and functional analyses in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) indicate that the influence of 9q32-q33.1 genes in cisplatin resistance can be driven by either up- or downregulation. We focused on glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) to demonstrate that the GCS inhibitor DL-threo-PDMP resensitizes cisplatin-resistant germline-derived orthoxenografts to cisplatin[Conclusions] Orthoxenografts can be used preclinically not only to test the efficiency of drugs but also to identify prognosis markers and gene alterations acting as drivers of the acquired cisplatin resistance.Several authors are grateful recipients of predoctoral fellowships: J.M. Piulats from the AECC and F.J. García-Rodríguez from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII). This study was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (SAF2002-02265 and FIS: BFU2007-67123; PI10-0222, PI13-01339, and PI16/01898, to A. Villanueva; PI15-00895, to J. Ceron; SAF2013-46063R, to F. Vi nals; PI030264, to ~ X. García-del-Muro), Fundacio La Marat o TV3 (051430, to F. Vi nals and X. ~ García-del-Muro), Generalitat de Catalunya (2014SGR364, to A. Villanueva and F. Vinals; FIS09/0059, to A. Morales), cofunded by FEDER funds/ ~ European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) — a way to Build Europe. A. Villanueva received a BAE11/00073 grant. We thank the staff of the Animal Core Facility of IDIBELL for mouse care and maintenance.Peer reviewe

Famílies botàniques de plantes medicinals

Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona. Ensenyament: Grau de Farmàcia, Assignatura: Botànica Farmacèutica, Curs: 2013-2014, Coordinadors: Joan Simon, Cèsar Blanché i Maria Bosch.Els materials que aquí es presenten són els recull de 175 treballs d’una família botànica d’interès medicinal realitzats de manera individual. Els treballs han estat realitzat per la totalitat dels estudiants dels grups M-2 i M-3 de l’assignatura Botànica Farmacèutica durant els mesos d’abril i maig del curs 2013-14. Tots els treballs s’han dut a terme a través de la plataforma de GoogleDocs i han estat tutoritzats pel professor de l’assignatura i revisats i finalment co-avaluats entre els propis estudiants. L’objectiu principal de l’activitat ha estat fomentar l’aprenentatge autònom i col·laboratiu en Botànica farmacèutica