394 research outputs found
Staging of endometrial cancer with MRI: Guidelines of the European Society of Urogenital Imaging
The purpose of this study was to define guidelines for endometrial cancer staging with MRI. The technique included critical review and expert consensus of MRI protocols by the female imaging subcommittee of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology, from ten European institutions, and published literature between 1999 and 2008. The results indicated that high field MRI should include at least two T2-weighted sequences in sagittal, axial oblique or coronal oblique orientation (short and long axis of the uterine body) of the pelvic content. High-resolution post-contrast images acquired at 2min ± 30 s after intravenous contrast injection are suggested to be optimal for the diagnosis of myometrial invasion. If cervical invasion is suspected, additional slice orientation perpendicular to the axis of the endocervical channel is recommended. Due to the limited sensitivity of MRI to detect lymph node metastasis without lymph node-specific contrast agents, retroperitoneal lymph node screening with pre-contrast sequences up to the level of the kidneys is optional. The likelihood of lymph node invasion and the need for staging lymphadenectomy are also indicated by high-grade histology at endometrial tissue sampling and by deep myometrial or cervical invasion detected by MRI. In conclusion, expert consensus and literature review lead to an optimized MRI protocol to stage endometrial cance
Staging of endometrial cancer with MRI: guidelines of the european society of urogenital imaging
The purpose of this study
was to define guidelines for endometrial
cancer staging with MRI. The
technique included critical review and
expert consensus of MRI protocols by the female imaging subcommittee of
the European Society of Urogenital
Radiology, from ten European institutions,
and published literature between
1999 and 2008. The results
indicated that high field MRI should
include at least two T2-weighted
sequences in sagittal, axial oblique or
coronal oblique orientation (short and
long axis of the uterine body) of the
pelvic content. High-resolution postcontrast
images acquired at 2 min ± 30 s
after intravenous contrast injection
are suggested to be optimal for the
diagnosis of myometrial invasion. If
cervical invasion is suspected, additional
slice orientation perpendicular
to the axis of the endocervical channel
is recommended. Due to the limited
sensitivity of MRI to detect lymph
node metastasis without lymph nodespecific
contrast agents, retroperitoneal
lymph node screening with
pre-contrast sequences up to the level
of the kidneys is optional. The likelihood
of lymph node invasion and
the need for staging lymphadenectomy
are also indicated by high-grade histology
at endometrial tissue sampling
and by deep myometrial or cervical
invasion detected by MRI. In conclusion,
expert consensus and literature
review lead to an optimized MRI
protocol to stage endometrial cancer
Association of Multiple Sclerosis Susceptibility Variants and Early Attack Location in the CNS
Objective: The anatomic location of subsequent relapses in early multiple sclerosis (MS) appears to be predicted by the first attack location. We sought to determine if genetic polymorphisms associated with MS susceptibility are associated with attack location. Methods: 17 genome-wide association study-identified MS susceptibility polymorphisms were genotyped in 503 white, non-Hispanic patients seen within a year of MS onset. Their association with the CNS location of the first two MS attacks was assessed in multivariate repeated measures analyses (generalized estimating equations with robust standard errors). Results: The IL12A polymorphism was independently associated with increased odds of attacks involving the spinal cord (OR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.11, 2.07, p = 0.009), as was the IRF8 polymorphism (OR = 2.40, 95% CI [1.04, 5.50], p = 0.040). The IL7R polymorphism was associated with reduced odds of attacks involving the brainstem/cerebellum (OR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.22, 0.97, p = 0.041), as were the TNFRSF1A and IL12A polymorphisms. The CD6 polymorphism conferred reduced odds of optic neuritis as an attack location (OR = 0.69, 95% CI [0.49, 0.97], p = 0.034). Several other genes showed trends for association with attack location. Conclusions: Some of the MS susceptibility genes may be associated with MS attack location. The IL12A polymorphism is of particular interest given that interferon beta therapy appears to influence IL12 levels. These findings may lead to improved understanding of MS pathogenesis and treatment
Staging of uterine cervical cancer with MRI: guidelines of the european society of urogenital radiology
Objective: To design clear guidelines for the
staging and follow-up of patients with uterine cervical
cancer, and to provide the radiologist with a framework for
use in multidisciplinary conferences. Methods: Guidelines
for uterine cervical cancer staging and follow-up were
defined by the female imaging subcommittee of the ESUR
(European Society of Urogenital Radiology) based on the
expert consensus of imaging protocols of 11 leading
institutions and a critical review of the literature. Results:
The results indicated that high field Magnetic Resonance
Imaging (MRI) should include at least two T2-weighted
sequences in sagittal, axial oblique or coronal obliqu
Oxygen and nitrogen abundances in Virgo and field spirals
The oxygen and nitrogen abundances in the HII regions of the nine Virgo
spirals of the sample from Skillman et al (1996) and in nine field spiral
galaxies are re-determined with the recently suggested P - method. We confirm
that there is an abundance segregation in the sample of Virgo spirals in the
sense that the HI deficient Virgo spirals near the core of the cluster have
higher oxygen abundances in comparison to the spirals at the periphery of the
Virgo cluster. At the same time both the Virgo periphery and core spirals have
counterparts among field spirals. We conclude that if there is a difference in
the abundance properties of the Virgo and field spirals, this difference
appears to be small and masked by the observational errors.Comment: 16 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and
Astrophysic
- …