Atuação do profissional farmacêutico no combate do uso irracional de medicamento durante a pandemia da SARS-CoV-2: uma revisão integrativa de literatura

Automedicação é um dos principais problemas de saúde mundial, provocando mascaramento dos sinais e sintomas de doenças de baixa e alta gravidade. A falta de profissionais de saúde, erro de prescrição, erro de diagnóstico, prescrição ilegível tornou-se os principais fatores do uso incorreto e inapropriado de medicamentos. O farmacêutico junto com uma equipe multidisciplinar promove o uso correto de medicamentos, diminuindo os efeitos adversos, intoxicação medicamentosa, interação medicamentosa e óbito.  Com a pandemia da Covid-19, a falta de leitos, vagas em hospitais, profissionais de saúde e o isolamento social acentuou aumento na prática da automedicação. As informações ou fake news sobre tratamento precoce, sem embaseamento cientifico, é possível acarretar diversas ocorrências de efeitos colaterais. Objetivo desta pesquisa é mostrar a importância do farmacêutico no combate do uso irracional de medicamentos na pandemia da covid-19. É uma pesquisa de revisão integrativa de literatura, com dados coletados no ano de 2019-2022, na plataforma do Google Acadêmico, BVS e Scielo. A pesquisa demontrou que o farmacêutico é o profissional de saúde com habilidades no comabate a uso incoreto e desnecessário de medicamentos, diminuindo os riscos gerados por medicamentos utilizados de forma inapropriada com acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico

ANÁLISE ATUAL DA MASTITE CAPRINA NO BRASIL: CARACTERIZAÇÃO DOS AGENTES CAUSADORES E AVALIAÇÃO DE RESISTÊNCIA ANTIBIÓTICA

Caprine farming is crucial for the Brazilian economy, being the largest producer of goat milk in the Americas. The increased consumption of goat milk in Brazil faces challenges due to health issues, particularly mastitis, an inflammation that impairs the quality and quantity of milk. Predominant bacteria, such as Staphylococcus, make treatment difficult due to resistance to common antibiotics like amoxicillin and penicillin. Constantly exploring alternatives is essential to enhance disease control. This study utilized a narrative literature review, extensively analyzing goat mastitis literature on platforms such as Google Scholar, Scielo, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink, guided by descriptors like "Caprine Mastitis," "Mastitis Brazil," "Genes," and "Antibiotic Resistance." Prevention of caprine mastitis stands out through the simultaneous implementation of effective sanitary measures, focusing on reducing infections during milking and maintaining hygienic practices. These actions are crucial to promote herd health, improve dairy production quality, and reinforce the ongoing importance of sanitary surveillance. Understanding the prevalence and characteristics of national pathogens is essential for proper treatment.A caprinocultura é crucial para a economia brasileira, sendo o maior produtor de leite de cabra nas Américas. O aumento do consumo do leite de cabra no Brasil é desafiado por problemas sanitários, especialmente a mastite, uma inflamação que prejudica a qualidade e quantidade do leite. As bactérias predominantes, como Staphylococcus, tornam o tratamento difícil devido à resistência a antibióticos comuns, como amoxicilina e penicilina. É essencial explorar constantemente alternativas para melhorar o controle dessa doença. Este estudo utilizou uma revisão bibliográfica narrativa, analisando extensivamente a literatura sobre mastite caprina em bases como Google Acadêmico, Scielo, ScienceDirect e SpringerLink, direcionada por descritores como "Mastite Caprina", "Mastite Brasil", "Genes" e "Resistência Antibióticos". A prevenção da mastite caprina destaca-se pela implementação simultânea de medidas sanitárias eficazes, focadas na redução de infecções durante a ordenha e nas práticas higiênicas. Essas ações são cruciais para promover a saúde do rebanho, melhorar a qualidade da produção leiteira e reforçar a importância contínua da vigilância sanitária. Compreender a prevalência e características dos patógenos nacionais é essencial para um tratamento adequado.&nbsp

Potencial ansiolítico de fitoterápicos no tratamento de distúrbios psiquiátricos

A Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) relata que mais de 350 milhões de pessoas enfrentam depressão globalmente, sendo pelo menos 5% da população diagnosticada com o distúrbio. A depressão cresceu 18,4% globalmente de 2005 a 2015, com prevalência de 4,4% mundial e 5,8% no Brasil. Ansiedade e depressão são comuns, podendo indicar transtornos psiquiátricos que demandam tratamento. Fitoterápicos têm surgido como alternativa aos medicamentos alopáticos, oferecendo menor incidência de efeitos colaterais e custos mais acessíveis. Estudos destacam o potencial ansiolítico de plantas como camomila, erva-cidreira e mulungu, enquanto extratos de Passiflora incarnata demonstram efeitos ansiolíticos significativos. O estudo busca analisar abrangentemente a literatura sobre fitoterápicos no tratamento de distúrbios psiquiátricos. A pesquisa consistiu em uma revisão bibliográfica narrativa que analisou a literatura publicada sobre o uso de plantas medicinais no tratamento de distúrbios psiquiátricos. Para a busca, foram utilizados os bancos de dados Scielo, Pubmed e LILACS, com descritores como plantas medicinais, fitoterapia, psiquiátrico e TAG, incluindo termos correspondentes em inglês. A análise abrangeu artigos de 2016 a 2022, totalizando 24 artigos incluídos no estudo. Os estudos oferecem uma visão abrangente das propriedades medicinais de várias plantas, evidenciando seu potencial terapêutico em condições relacionadas à ansiedade, depressão e estresse. A abordagem integrativa, que explora os recursos da natureza, contribui para ampliar as opções terapêuticas disponíveis na área de saúde mental. As observações enfatizam a diversidade de plantas medicinais e suas possíveis aplicações como agentes ansiolíticos, antidepressivos e sedativos. Contudo, é crucial considerar que a eficácia e segurança dessas plantas podem variar, destacando a necessidade de mais pesquisas para uma compreensão completa de seus benefícios terapêuticos

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora