Microstructure Evolution During Spray Rolling and Heat Treatment of 2124 Al

Spray rolling is a strip casting technology that combines elements of spray forming and twin-roll casting. It consists of atomizing molten metal with a high velocity inert gas, quenching the resultant droplets in flight, and directing the spray between mill rolls. In-flight convection heat transfer from atomized droplets and conduction heat transfer at the rolls rapidly move an alloy’s latent heat. Hot deformation of the semi-solid material in the rolls results in fully consolidated, rapidly-solidified product. While similar in many ways to twin-roll casting, spray rolling is able to process a broader range of alloys and operates at a higher production rate. A laboratory-scale strip caster has been constructed at INL and used to evaluate the interplay of processing parameters and strip quality while producing strips up to 200 mm wide and 1.6 – 6.4 mm thick. Plans are underway to scale to 600 mm width and demonstrate steady-state operation. As-spray-rolled strip is characterized by a flat, uniformly thick profile with minimal porosity or segregation. This paper examines how processing parameters influence the microstructure transformations that take place during spray rolling and post-deposition heat treatment of 2124 Al

Novel Loci for Adiponectin Levels and Their Influence on Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Traits : A Multi-Ethnic Meta-Analysis of 45,891 Individuals

J. Kaprio, S. Ripatti ja M.-L. Lokki työryhmien jäseniä.Peer reviewe

Les bandes de différence des molécules tétraédriques. Application : les bandes chaudes 2 ν4 — ν4 et ν 2 + ν4 — ν2 de 12CH 4

This article presents a général method, based on the tensorial formalism in the Td group, for the computation of différence bands of tetrahedral XY4 molécules. This work is applied to the 2 ν4 — ν4 and ν2 + ν4 — ν2 bands of 12CH4. In the case of 2 ν4 — ν 4 we treated also the problem using the spherical formalism which yields more directly the selection rules. 295 transitions of the IR spectrum of methane recorded at O.N.E.R.A. in the region from 1 216 to 1 355 cm -1 have been assigned to the 2 ν4 — ν 4 and ν2 + ν4— ν2 bands. Among them 79 are concerned with the ν4 = 2, l 4 = 0 (A1) sub-level. 49 of them (J ≤ 7) have been used in a new determination of the parameters of this sub-level.Cet article présente une méthode générale, basée sur le formalisme tensoriel dans le groupe Td, pour le calcul des bandes de différence des molécules tétraédriques XY4. Ce travail est appliqué aux bandes 2 ν4 — ν4 et ν2 + ν 4— ν2 de 12CH4. Dans le cas de la bande 2 ν4 — ν4 nous avons également traité le problème dans le formalisme sphérique qui met plus nettement en évidence les règles de sélection. 295 transitions du spectre IR du méthane enregistré à l'O.N.E.R.A. dans la région de 1216 à 1355 cm-1 ont été attribuées aux bandes 2 ν4—ν4 ou ν 2 + ν4 — ν2. Parmi celles-ci 79 concernent le sous-niveau ν4 = 2, l4 = 0 (Al). 49 d'entre elles (J ≤ 7) ont été utilisées pour une nouvelle détermination des paramètres relatifs à ce sous-niveau

Amphotericin B concentrations in healthy mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) following a single intratracheal dose of liposomal amphotericin B using an atomizer

Item does not contain fulltextAspergillosis is a fungal infection that primarily affects the respiratory tract. Amphotericin B has broad antifungal activity and is commonly used to treat aspergillosis, a fungal pneumonia that is a common sequela in oiled waterfowl as well as other birds in wildlife rehabilitation. Pharmacokinetic parameters of nebulized amphotericin B in an avian model have been reported, but those of direct intratracheal delivery have yet to be established. The objective of this study was to evaluate if a single 3 mg/kg dose of liposomal amphotericin B delivered intratracheally using a commercial atomizer would achieve plasma and lung tissue concentrations exceeding targeted minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for Aspergillus species in adult mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). Following intratracheal delivery, amphotericin B was present in lung parenchyma at concentrations above the targeted MIC of 1 mug/g for up to 9 days post-administration; however, distribution of the drug was uneven, with the majority of the drug concentrated in one lung lobe. Concentrations in the contralateral lung lobe and the kidneys were above the targeted MIC 1 day after administration but declined exponentially with a half-life of approximately 2 days. Plasma concentrations were never above the targeted MIC. Histological examination of the trachea, bronchi, lungs, heart, liver, and kidneys did not reveal any toxic changes. Using a commercial atomizer, intratracheal delivery of amphotericin B at 3 mg/kg resulted in lung parenchyma concentrations above 1 mug/ml with no discernable systemic effects. Further studies to establish a system of drug delivery to both sides of the pulmonary parenchyma need to be performed, and the efficacy of this treatment for disease prevention remains to be determined