Autoconsciência da aparência e a adaptação no ensino superior: Estudo exploratório

Background: Portuguese researchers have not devoted too much attention to Psychology of Appearance. Contemporary representations of the ideal body (thin, athletic, with defined muscles), widely disseminated by traditional media and by social media, often create dissatisfaction with appearance. Recent studies indicate that university students find themselves dissatisfied with their body image. Aim: To assess possible relationships between appearance concerns, especially self-consciousness of appearance, and adaptation to higher education by Portuguese students. Method: Exploratory and quantitative. Two hundred and six (206) students answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Portuguese short version of the Derriford Appearance Scale (DAS-14) and the Higher Education Adaptation Questionnaire (QAES). Results: There were significant differences in the DAS-14 between sexes; a moderate correlation between DAS-14 (self-consciousness of appearance) and personal and emotional adaptation; and weak relationships between self-consciousness of appearance and the remaining dimensions of QAES (interpersonal adaptation, institution adaptation, academic adaptation, commitment to the course, and career development). The self-consciousness of appearance presents itself as both a predictor variable and a response variable in the personal-emotional adaptation dimension. Conclusions: There seems to be a relationship between sex and self-consciousness of appearance: the lower the concentration of negative feelings around how the body looks the higher the adaptation to higher education along with social, cognitive and contextual dimensions. On the other hand, adaptation to higher education seems to influence the self- consciousness of appearance in emergent adults, with greater emphasis on personal-emotional adaptation. This study allows us to suggest future investigations in the evaluation of self-consciousness of appearance as a predictor variable.Contexto: A Psicologia da Aparência tem merecido pouca atenção dos investigadores portugueses. As representações contemporâneas do corpo ideal (magro, atlético e com formas), muito avolumadas pelos meios de comunicação social e redes sociais, criam frequentemente a insatisfação com a aparência. Estudos recentes referem que os estudantes universitários se encontram insatisfeitos com a imagem corporal. Objetivo: Avaliar possíveis relações entre as preocupações com aparência, nomeadamente a autoconsciência da aparência, e a adaptação ao Ensino Superior por parte de estudantes portugueses. Método: Exploratório e quantitativo. Participaram 206 estudantes do Ensino Superior, tendo respondido a um Questionário Sociodemográfico, à versão portuguesa reduzida da Escala de Avaliação da Aparência de Derriford (DAS-14) e ao Questionário de Adaptação ao Ensino Superior (QAES). Resultados: Verificaram-se diferenças significativas na DAS-14 (autoconsciência da aparência) entre os sexos; correlação moderada entre a DAS-14 e a dimensão adaptação pessoal-emocional e relações fracas entre a DAS-14 e as restantes dimensões do QAES (adaptação interpessoal, adaptação à instituição, adaptação académica, compromisso com o curso e desenvolvimento de carreira). A autoconsciência da aparência apresenta-se quer como variável preditora, quer como variável de resposta na dimensão adaptação pessoal-emocional. Conclusão: Existe relação entre o sexo a autoconsciência da aparência. Os estudantes que têm menor concentração nos sentimentos negativos no corpo têm uma maior relação com as dimensões sociais, cognitivas e contextuais da adaptação ao ensino superior.As preocupações com a aparência e a adaptação pessoal-emocional influenciam-se mutuamente, isto é, a aceitação da aparência parece ser relevante para a adaptação e para o desenvolvimento da identidade dos adultos emergentes. O estudo abre futuras investigações na área da Psicologia da Aparência

HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION AND RISK FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF GASTRODUODENAL DISEASES IN A POPULATION FROM THE CENTRAL-WEST REGION OF BRAZIL

Resumo: Helicobacter pylori é uma bactéria gram-negativa associada ao desenvolvimento de patologias severas como o adenocarcinoma gástrico. Aproximadamente 50% da população mundial está infectada por este microrganismo. A infecção está associada a fatores socioeconômicos, sociodemográficos e estilo de vida. Em função disso o presente estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar os fatores de risco e patologias gástricas associadas a infecção pela H. pylori. Foram aplicados 117 questionários que contemplavam fatores sociodemográficos, econômicos, sintomatologia e estilo de vida de pacientes submetidos a endoscopia digestiva alta. O diagnóstico foi realizado a partir do exame histopatológico e molecular. A prevalência da infecção foi de 69,2%, sendo 70,4% entre adultos e 79% do sexo feminino. Não foi observada diferença estatística nos níveis educacional, socioeconômico e condições expostas na infância. O hábito de consumir álcool demonstrou significância para a infecção (p=0,049). A sintomatologia mais frequente foi o arroto (p= 0,023). Entre as patologias gástricas, a gastrite foi o desfecho clínico mais encontrado. O conhecimento dos fatores de risco para a infecção bacteriana é de extrema relevância para dar subsídios para implementação de políticas públicas voltadas para a prevenção e erradicação do microrganismo. Palavras-chave: Bactéria. Prevalência. Fatores de risco. Dispepsia.   Abstract: Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative bacterium associated with the development of severe pathologies such as gastric adenocarcinoma. Approximately 50% of the world population is infected by this microorganism. Infection is associated with socioeconomic, sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Therefore, the present study had the goal of evaluating the risk factors and gastric pathologies associated with H. pylori infection. A total of 117 questionnaires were used, which included sociodemographic, economic, symptomatology and patient lifestyle factors submitted to upper digestive endoscopy. The diagnosis was done based on histopathological and molecular. The prevalence of infection was 69.2%, being 70.4% among adults and 79% females. No statistical difference was observed in educational, socioeconomic and childhood conditions. The alcohol consumption habit showed significance for the infection (p = 0.049). The most frequent symptomatology was belching (p = 0.023). Among the gastric pathologies, gastritis was the most frequent clinical outcome. The knowledge of the risk factors for bacterial infection is extremely relevant to provide subsidies for the implementation of public policies aimed at the prevention and eradication of the microorganism. Key words: Bacteria. Risk factors. Dyspepsia

Rastreamento de hipertensão e diabetes em um supermercado de grande porte de Belo Horizonte / Screening of hypertension and diabetes in a large supermarket in Belo Horizonte

Este artigo apresenta resultados de um rastreamento de funcionários de um supermercado de Belo Horizonte, a fim de identificar indivíduos com níveis glicêmicos e pressóricos alterados. A atividade foi realizada em dois momentos e participaram 46 funcionários. No primeiro momento, foi aplicado um questionário, mensurados dados antropométricos e realizada aferição pressão arterial e glicemia capilar; no segundo, houve apresentação dos resultados aos funcionários e os mesmos foram orientados quanto a hábitos de vida saudáveis. Observaram-se casos de obesidade, hipertensão arterial e diabetes mellitus tipo 2 nessa população. A educação em saúde é fundamental para que as pessoas se conscientizem da importância da manutenção de hábitos de vida saudáveis, já que as doenças crônicas analisadas possuem grande relação com o estilo de vida adotado

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3 e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue

Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents from 48 countries: a cross-sectional study

Background: Approximately 450 000 children are born with familial hypercholesterolaemia worldwide every year, yet only 2·1% of adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia were diagnosed before age 18 years via current diagnostic approaches, which are derived from observations in adults. We aimed to characterise children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and understand current approaches to the identification and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia to inform future public health strategies. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we assessed children and adolescents younger than 18 years with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of HeFH at the time of entry into the Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) registry between Oct 1, 2015, and Jan 31, 2021. Data in the registry were collected from 55 regional or national registries in 48 countries. Diagnoses relying on self-reported history of familial hypercholesterolaemia and suspected secondary hypercholesterolaemia were excluded from the registry; people with untreated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) of at least 13·0 mmol/L were excluded from this study. Data were assessed overall and by WHO region, World Bank country income status, age, diagnostic criteria, and index-case status. The main outcome of this study was to assess current identification and management of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Findings: Of 63 093 individuals in the FHSC registry, 11 848 (18·8%) were children or adolescents younger than 18 years with HeFH and were included in this study; 5756 (50·2%) of 11 476 included individuals were female and 5720 (49·8%) were male. Sex data were missing for 372 (3·1%) of 11 848 individuals. Median age at registry entry was 9·6 years (IQR 5·8-13·2). 10 099 (89·9%) of 11 235 included individuals had a final genetically confirmed diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia and 1136 (10·1%) had a clinical diagnosis. Genetically confirmed diagnosis data or clinical diagnosis data were missing for 613 (5·2%) of 11 848 individuals. Genetic diagnosis was more common in children and adolescents from high-income countries (9427 [92·4%] of 10 202) than in children and adolescents from non-high-income countries (199 [48·0%] of 415). 3414 (31·6%) of 10 804 children or adolescents were index cases. Familial-hypercholesterolaemia-related physical signs, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease were uncommon, but were more common in non-high-income countries. 7557 (72·4%) of 10 428 included children or adolescents were not taking lipid-lowering medication (LLM) and had a median LDL-C of 5·00 mmol/L (IQR 4·05-6·08). Compared with genetic diagnosis, the use of unadapted clinical criteria intended for use in adults and reliant on more extreme phenotypes could result in 50-75% of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia not being identified. Interpretation: Clinical characteristics observed in adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia are uncommon in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia, hence detection in this age group relies on measurement of LDL-C and genetic confirmation. Where genetic testing is unavailable, increased availability and use of LDL-C measurements in the first few years of life could help reduce the current gap between prevalence and detection, enabling increased use of combination LLM to reach recommended LDL-C targets early in life