Risk factors associated with iron deficiency anemia in children under 5 years of age attending a health center in chachapoyas, Peru

Desenho do estudo: Estudo retrospectivo de casos-controle. Objetivo: Identificar fatores de risco entre as características sociodemográficas, nutricionais e de saúde associados à anemia por deficiência de ferro em crianças menores de cinco anos de idade, atendendo à clínica de crescimento e desenvolvimento do Centro de Saúde Nueve de Enero de Chachapoyas durante 2019. Método: Foram formados dois grupos, cada um formado por 50 crianças. O grupo 1 (G1, casos) eram crianças diagnosticadas com anemia por deficiência de ferro e um grupo controle (GC) de crianças saudáveis, com idade compatível, residentes na mesma jurisdição. Os dados foram coletados dos registros médicos do centro de saúde, em uma ficha de registro estruturada com base nas variáveis do estudo: idade, peso ao nascer, doenças parasitárias ou sintomas associados, como diarréia, freqüência e tipo de alimentação antes e depois dos seis meses de idade. Os dados foram agrupados em tabelas de contingência para o cálculo do Odds Ratio (OR), e a significância estatística foi estimada pela análise de variância (ANOVA) com 95% de confiança. Resultados: Todos os fatores considerados apresentaram associação significativa p<0,05, com exceção do sexo, no que diz respeito à presença de anemia em crianças. Com valores OR de: menos de 32 meses de idade (OR=2,26, 95% CI 0,59-2,79), menos de 2900 g de peso ao nascer (OR=2,98, 95% CI 0,43-2,99), amamentação exclusiva prolongada (OR=3,14, 95% CI 1. 55-3. 88), ablactação precoce (OR=4,96, 95% CI 1,27-5,07), baixo consumo de alimentos de origem animal (3,5, 95% CI 1,18-3,61), baixo consumo de frutas e vegetais (2,33, 95% CI 0,86-2,63), entre outros. Conclusão: Na população de Chachapoyas, os fatores considerados no estudo aumentam em mais de 93% o risco de desenvolver anemia em crianças com menos de cinco anos de idade. Sua probabilidade de ocorrência justifica uma reavaliação das estratégias aplicadas nos diferentes programas ou intervenções realizadas na área para o controle e prevenção da anemia.Study Design: Retrospective case-control study. Objective: To identify risk factors among sociodemographic, nutritional and health characteristics associated with iron deficiency anemia in children under five years of age, attending the growth and development clinic of the Nueve de Enero de Chachapoyas Health Center during 2019.  Methods: Two groups were formed, each consisting of 50 children. Group 1 (G1, cases) were children diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia and a control group (CG) of age-matched healthy children residing in the same jurisdiction. Data were collected from the medical records of the health center, in a structured record card based on the study variables: age, birth weight, parasitic diseases or associated symptomatologies such as diarrhea, frequency and type of feeding before and after six months of age. The data were grouped in contingency tables for the calculation of Odds Ratio (OR), and statistical significance was estimated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) with 95% confidence. Results: All the factors considered presented significant association p<0.05, with the exception of sex, with respect to the presence of anemia in children. With OR values of: under 32 months of age (OR=2.26, 95% CI 0.59-2.79), under 2900 g birth weight (OR=2.98, 95% CI 0.43-2.99), prolonged exclusive breastfeeding (OR=3.14, 95% CI 1. 55-3.88), early ablactation (OR=4.96, 95% CI 1.27-5.07), low consumption of foods of animal origin (3.5, 95% CI 1.18-3.61), low consumption of fruits and vegetables (2.33, 95% CI 0.86-2.63), among others. Conclusions: In the population of Chachapoyas, the factors considered in the study increase the risk of developing anemia in children under five years of age by more than 93%. Its probability of occurrence warrants a reevaluation of the strategies applied in the different programs or interventions carried out in the area for the control and prevention of anemia.Study Design: Retrospective case-control study. Objective: To identify risk factors among sociodemographic, nutritional and health characteristics associated with iron deficiency anemia in children under five years of age, attending the growth and development clinic of the Nueve de Enero de Chachapoyas Health Center during 2019.  Methods: Two groups were formed, each consisting of 50 children. Group 1 (G1, cases) were children diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia and a control group (CG) of age-matched healthy children residing in the same jurisdiction. Data were collected from the medical records of the health center, in a structured record card based on the study variables: age, birth weight, parasitic diseases or associated symptomatologies such as diarrhea, frequency and type of feeding before and after six months of age. The data were grouped in contingency tables for the calculation of Odds Ratio (OR), and statistical significance was estimated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) with 95% confidence. Results: All the factors considered presented significant association p<0.05, with the exception of sex, with respect to the presence of anemia in children. With OR values of: under 32 months of age (OR=2.26, 95% CI 0.59-2.79), under 2900 g birth weight (OR=2.98, 95% CI 0.43-2.99), prolonged exclusive breastfeeding (OR=3.14, 95% CI 1. 55-3.88), early ablactation (OR=4.96, 95% CI 1.27-5.07), low consumption of foods of animal origin (3.5, 95% CI 1.18-3.61), low consumption of fruits and vegetables (2.33, 95% CI 0.86-2.63), among others. Conclusions: In the population of Chachapoyas, the factors considered in the study increase the risk of developing anemia in children under five years of age by more than 93%. Its probability of occurrence warrants a reevaluation of the strategies applied in the different programs or interventions carried out in the area for the control and prevention of anemia

Agricultural, forestry, textile and food waste used in the manufacture of biomass briquettes: a review

In recent decades there has been a considerable global increase in urban population, industrial productivity, energy demand, waste generation, and the emission of greenhouse gases from energy conversion. The agricultural, forestry, textile and food sectors generate large amounts of waste and their environmental impact has become a major cause for concern in societies around the world. Current efforts are concerned with maximization of combustion efficiency and energy-related processes in general by making use of industrial residues and reducing particulate matter. The present review addresses the availability of different types of biomass that can be used to produce renewable energy and focuses on agricultural, forestry, urban and industrial residues. It also provides a description of the physical and calorific characteristics of the various raw materials available for the manufacture of briquettes and other fossil fuel alternatives

Risk factors associated with iron deficiency anemia in children under 5 years of age attending a health center in Chachapoyas, Peru.

Study Design: Retrospective case-control study. Objective: To identify risk factors among sociodemographic, nutritional and health characteristics associated with iron deficiency anemia in children under five years of age, attending the growth and development clinic of the Nueve de Enero de Chachapoyas Health Center during 2019.  Methods: Two groups were formed, each consisting of 50 children. Group 1 (G1, cases) were children diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia and a control group (CG) of age-matched healthy children residing in the same jurisdiction. Data were collected from the medical records of the health center, in a structured record card based on the study variables: age, birth weight, parasitic diseases or associated symptomatologies such as diarrhea, frequency and type of feeding before and after six months of age. The data were grouped in contingency tables for the calculation of Odds Ratio (OR), and statistical significance was estimated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) with 95% confidence. Results: All the factors considered presented significant association p<0.05, with the exception of sex, with respect to the presence of anemia in children. With OR values of: under 32 months of age (OR=2.26, 95% CI 0.59-2.79), under 2900 g birth weight (OR=2.98, 95% CI 0.43-2.99), prolonged exclusive breastfeeding (OR=3.14, 95% CI 1. 55-3.88), early ablactation (OR=4.96, 95% CI 1.27-5.07), low consumption of foods of animal origin (3.5, 95% CI 1.18-3.61), low consumption of fruits and vegetables (2.33, 95% CI 0.86-2.63), among others. Conclusions: In the population of Chachapoyas, the factors considered in the study increase the risk of developing anemia in children under five years of age by more than 93%. Its probability of occurrence warrants a reevaluation of the strategies applied in the different programs or interventions carried out in the area for the control and prevention of anemia

Effect of L-arginine or L-citrulline oral supplementation on blood pressure and right ventricular function in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction

Background: The effect of L-arginine and L-citrulline on blood pressure and right ventricular function in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is unknown. We have therefore evaluated, in a randomized clinical trial, the effect of these aminoacids in chronic outstanding and stable patients with HFpEF. Methods and results: All patients underwent an echocardiogram and radioisotopic ventriculography rest/exercise, and were randomized in a consecutive manner to the L-arginine group (n = 15; 8 g/day); and the citrulline malate group (n = 15; 3 g/day). The duration of follow-up was two months. The principal echocardiographic finding was a statistically significant decrease in pulmonary artery pressure in the L-arginine (56.3 &#177; 10 vs 44 &#177; 16.5 mm Hg, p < 0.05) and the citrulline (56.67 &#177; 7.96 vs 47.67 &#177; 8.59 mm Hg, p < 0.05) groups. Duration on treadmill and right ventricular ejection fraction post exercise increased, while diastolic and systolic artery pressure decreased significantly in both groups. There were no other statistically significant differences between the groups. Conclusions: Administration of L-arginine and citrulline to patients with HFpEF improved right ventricular function by increasing right ventricular ejection fraction, and probably decreasing systolic pulmonary artery pressure. (Cardiol J 2010; 17, 6: 612-618

La murta (Ugni molinae) y sus propiedades benéficas para la salud: Una revisión

Currently there is a great demand for food products containing functional properties and/or bioactive compounds. One of the fruits that has been widely studied is the murta (Ugni molinae), which appears to contain various beneficial health properties. This review compiles scientific information on the functional and beneficial properties of murta for human health, such as the main components associated with anti-inflammatory activity, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity, nutritional composition, other uses of murta, economic aspects, and current and future challenges of murta, all based on updated scientific work.Actualmente existe una gran demanda de productos alimenticios que contengan propiedades funcionales y/o compuestos bioactivos. Uno de los frutos que ha sido ampliamente estudiado es la murta (Ugni molinae), el cual parece contener diversas propiedades benéficas para la salud. En la presente revisión se recopila información científica de las propiedades funcionales y benéficas de la murta para la salud humana; como, por ejemplo, los principales componentes asociados a la actividad antiinflamatoria, actividad antimicrobiana, actividad antioxidante, composición nutricional, otros usos de la murta, aspectos económicos, retos actuales y futuros de la murta; todo basado en trabajos científicos actualizados

Rational engineering of a human GFP-like protein scaffold for humanized targeted nanomedicines

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a widely used scaffold for protein-based targeted nanomedicines because of its high biocompatibility, biological neutrality and outstanding structural stability. However, being immunogenicity a major concern in the development of drug carriers, the use of exogenous proteins such as GFP in clinics might be inadequate. Here we report a human nidogen-derived protein (HSNBT), rationally designed to mimic the structural and functional properties of GFP as a scaffold for nanomedicine. For that, a GFP-like β-barrel, containing the G2 domain of the human nidogen, has been rationally engineered to obtain a biologically neutral protein that self-assembles as 10nm-nanoparticles. This scaffold is the basis of a humanized nanoconjugate, where GFP, from the well-characterized protein T22-GFP-H6, has been substituted by the nidogen-derived GFP-like HSNBT protein. The resulting construct T22-HSNBT-H6, is a humanized CXCR4-targeted nanoparticle that selectively delivers conjugated genotoxic Floxuridine into cancer CXCR4+ cells. Indeed, the administration of T22-HSNBT-H6-FdU in a CXCR4-overexpressing colorectal cancer mouse model results in an even more efficient selective antitumoral effect than that shown by its GFP-counterpart, in absence of systemic toxicity. Therefore, the newly developed GFP-like protein scaffold appears as an ideal candidate for the development of humanized protein nanomaterials and successfully supports the tumor-targeted nanoscale drug T22-HSNBT-H6-FdU.Patricia Álamo and Juan Cedano contributed equally to this work. The authors are indebted to Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and to Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) (grant BIO2016-76063-R, AEI/FEDER, UE), to AGAUR (2017SGR-229) and CIBER-BBN (project NANOPROTHER), granted to AV, to CIBER-BBN (project NANOSCAPE and NANOLINK) and ISCIII (PI20/00400 co-funding FEDER) granted to UU, to ISCIII (PI15/00272 co-founding FEDER) granted to EV and to ISCIII (PIE15/00028 and PI18/00650, co-funding FEDER) and AGAUR (2017 SGR 865 GRC) granted to RM. We are also indebted to CERCA programme (Generalitat de Catalunya) and to the Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) that is an initiative funded by the VI National R&D&I Plan 2008–2011, Iniciativa Ingenio 2010, Consolider Program, CIBER Actions and financed by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, with assistance from the European Regional Development Fund. We also appreciate the support from the COST-Action Nano2Clinics. Protein production has been partially performed by the ICTS “NANBIOSIS”, more specifically by the Protein Production Platform of CIBER in Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN)/ IBB, at the UAB sePBioEs scientific-technical service (http://www.nanbiosis.es/portfolio/u1-protein-production-platform-ppp/), and the nanoparticle size analysis by the Biomaterial Processing and Nanostructuring Unit. Synthesis of thiolated oligo-FdU was performed by the ICTS NANBIOSIS Oligonucleotide Synthesis Platform (CIBER-BBN). The in vivo work was performed by the ICTS NANBIOSIS of the CIBER-BBN Nanotoxicology Unit (http://www.nanbiosis.es/portfolio/u18-nanotoxicology-unit/). We are indebted to Servei de Microscopia from UAB for their excellent confocal and electronic microscopy services. We are also indebted to Servei de Cultius Celulars i Anticossos (SCAC) form UAB for their excellent cell culture and flow cytometry facilities and especially to Fran Cortes for his excellent technical support. We are thankful to Dra. Marta Taulés from CCiT-UB for her help in SPR experiments and analysis. We are also thankful to Luis Carlos Navas from Institut d'Investigacions biomèdiques Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau) for his technical support in immunohistochemistry experiments. UU and LMCD were supported by Miguel Servet (CP19/00028) and PFIS (FI19/00148) contracts respectively from ISCIII co-funded by European Social Fund (ESF investing in your future). NS was supported by a pre-doctoral fellowship from the Government of Navarra and LAC was supported by AECC Scientific Foundation grant postdoctoral fellow. AV received an ICREA ACADEMIA award.Peer reviewe

The wide-field, multiplexed, spectroscopic facility WEAVE : survey design, overview, and simulated implementation

Funding for the WEAVE facility has been provided by UKRI STFC, the University of Oxford, NOVA, NWO, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), the Isaac Newton Group partners (STFC, NWO, and Spain, led by the IAC), INAF, CNRS-INSU, the Observatoire de Paris, Région Île-de-France, CONCYT through INAOE, Konkoly Observatory (CSFK), Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA Heidelberg), Lund University, the Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP), the Swedish Research Council, the European Commission, and the University of Pennsylvania.WEAVE, the new wide-field, massively multiplexed spectroscopic survey facility for the William Herschel Telescope, will see first light in late 2022. WEAVE comprises a new 2-degree field-of-view prime-focus corrector system, a nearly 1000-multiplex fibre positioner, 20 individually deployable 'mini' integral field units (IFUs), and a single large IFU. These fibre systems feed a dual-beam spectrograph covering the wavelength range 366-959 nm at R ∼ 5000, or two shorter ranges at R ∼ 20,000. After summarising the design and implementation of WEAVE and its data systems, we present the organisation, science drivers and design of a five- to seven-year programme of eight individual surveys to: (i) study our Galaxy's origins by completing Gaia's phase-space information, providing metallicities to its limiting magnitude for ∼ 3 million stars and detailed abundances for ∼ 1.5 million brighter field and open-cluster stars; (ii) survey ∼ 0.4 million Galactic-plane OBA stars, young stellar objects and nearby gas to understand the evolution of young stars and their environments; (iii) perform an extensive spectral survey of white dwarfs; (iv) survey  ∼ 400 neutral-hydrogen-selected galaxies with the IFUs; (v) study properties and kinematics of stellar populations and ionised gas in z 1 million spectra of LOFAR-selected radio sources; (viii) trace structures using intergalactic/circumgalactic gas at z > 2. Finally, we describe the WEAVE Operational Rehearsals using the WEAVE Simulator.PostprintPeer reviewe

The wide-field, multiplexed, spectroscopic facility WEAVE: Survey design, overview, and simulated implementation

WEAVE, the new wide-field, massively multiplexed spectroscopic survey facility for the William Herschel Telescope, will see first light in late 2022. WEAVE comprises a new 2-degree field-of-view prime-focus corrector system, a nearly 1000-multiplex fibre positioner, 20 individually deployable 'mini' integral field units (IFUs), and a single large IFU. These fibre systems feed a dual-beam spectrograph covering the wavelength range 366$-$959\,nm at $R\sim5000$, or two shorter ranges at $R\sim20\,000$. After summarising the design and implementation of WEAVE and its data systems, we present the organisation, science drivers and design of a five- to seven-year programme of eight individual surveys to: (i) study our Galaxy's origins by completing Gaia's phase-space information, providing metallicities to its limiting magnitude for $\sim$3 million stars and detailed abundances for $\sim1.5$ million brighter field and open-cluster stars; (ii) survey $\sim0.4$ million Galactic-plane OBA stars, young stellar objects and nearby gas to understand the evolution of young stars and their environments; (iii) perform an extensive spectral survey of white dwarfs; (iv) survey $\sim400$ neutral-hydrogen-selected galaxies with the IFUs; (v) study properties and kinematics of stellar populations and ionised gas in $z<0.5$ cluster galaxies; (vi) survey stellar populations and kinematics in $\sim25\,000$ field galaxies at $0.3\lesssim z \lesssim 0.7$; (vii) study the cosmic evolution of accretion and star formation using $>1$ million spectra of LOFAR-selected radio sources; (viii) trace structures using intergalactic/circumgalactic gas at $z>2$. Finally, we describe the WEAVE Operational Rehearsals using the WEAVE Simulator.Comment: 41 pages, 27 figures, accepted for publication by MNRA

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio