ANALYSIS OF GROUND REACTION FORCES PRODUCED IN BASKETBALL MANEUVERS OVER A SEASON

The purpose of this study was to determine differences in ground reaction forces of college basketball players over a season. Eleven male Division III basketball players performed eight directional basketball maneuvers in random order on an AMTI© 1000 force plate. Subjects were tested every two weeks over an eight week period. Typical ground reaction force curves for vertical, medial/lateral and anterior/posterior were obtained. Results indicated no significant changes occurred across the group, however individual changes were apparent for some subjects, predominantly in the shuffle movements. This study concluded that there were no significant differences across subjects but individual differences in ground reaction force data did occur in some subjects

GROUND REACTION FORCES PRODUCED IN BASKETBALL MANEUVERS WITH NEW AND STRUCTURALLY DAMAGED SHOES

The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in ground reaction forces between new shoes and shoes with obvious structural damage. Six male Division III basketball players performed eight directional basketball maneuvers in random order on an AMTI© 1000 force plate. Subjects were tested when the shoes were new and after the shoes had structural damage. Results indicated that forces were significantly higher in new shoes than damaged shoes (vertical: left forward, peak-1; left shuffle, peak-2; left back, peak-1 and ms; medial-lateral: left shuffle, peak-2; anterior-posterior: forward, peak-2; left back, peak-1; back, peak-1). No significance was found in time to peak forces or total time. This study concluded that new shoes showed significantly higher forces than shoes with obvious structural damage

THE EFFECT OF SHOE WEAR ON THE DROP STEP

Peak jump height and the efficiency of the closed kinetic chain in basketball can contribute to the success of an individual player or team (Dowling, Vamos, 1993). This performance can be altered as shoe structure is compromised, possibly leading to a decrease in performance. The purpose of this study was to determine if angular velocity at the knee and hip as well as jump height performance were compromised with shoe deterioration. In this study, 12 male members of an NCAA Division III basketball team performed a drop step movement with a vertical jump. Subjects were filmed with a digital video camera filming at 60 Hz and vertical force (Fz) data was recorded using a force plate. Knee angles increased significantly (&#945; < 0.05) over the eight weeks of testing. Additionally, total time and peak height decreased while vertical force at toe-off increased. Although total time for performing the drop step movement was decreased throughout the study, peak jump height was compromised with shoe deterioration

Theoretical Study for High-Energy-Density Compounds Derived from Cyclophosphazene. IV. DFT Studies on 1,1-Diamino-3,3,5,5,7,7-hexaazidocyclotetraphosphazene and Its Isomers

In the present study, a theoretical study of 1,1-diaminohexaazidocyclotetraphophazene (DAHA) and its isomers has been performed, using quantum computational density functional theory (B3LYP and B3PW91 methods) with 6-31G* and 6-31G** basis sets implemented in Gaussian 03 program suite. Molecular structure and bonding, vibrational frequencies, Milliken population analysis, and natural bond orbit (NBO) have been studied. The heats of formation from atomization energies have also been calculated based on the optimized geometry. The obtained heats of formation data are compared with their homologous cyclophosphazene in order to demonstrate the accuracy of the methods, which indicate that the studied compounds might be potentially used as high energetic materials. In addition, the relative stability of five isomers have been deduced based on the total energy and the gap of frontier orbital energies

A high-resolution infrared spectroscopic investigation of the halogen atom-HCN entrance channel complexes solvated in superfluid helium droplets

Rotationally resolved infrared spectra are reported for the X-HCN (X = Cl, Br, I) binary complexes solvated in helium nanodroplets. These results are directly compared with that obtained previously for the corresponding X-HF complexes [J. M. Merritt, J. K\"upper, and R. E. Miller, PCCP, 7, 67 (2005)]. For bromine and iodine atoms complexed with HCN, two linear structures are observed and assigned to the $^{2}\Sigma_{1/2}$ and $^{2}\Pi_{3/2}$ ground electronic states of the nitrogen and hydrogen bound geometries, respectively. Experiments for HCN + chlorine atoms give rise to only a single band which is attributed to the nitrogen bound isomer. That the hydrogen bound isomer is not stabilized is rationalized in terms of a lowering of the isomerization barrier by spin-orbit coupling. Theoretical calculations with and without spin-orbit coupling have also been performed and are compared with our experimental results. The possibility of stabilizing high-energy structures containing multiple radicals is discussed, motivated by preliminary spectroscopic evidence for the di-radical Br-HCCCN-Br complex. Spectra for the corresponding molecular halogen HCN-X$_{2}$ complexes are also presented.Comment: 20 pages, 15 figures, 6 tables, RevTe

Calculation of molecular thermochemical data and their availability in databases

Thermodynamic properties of molecules can be obtained by experiment, by statistical mechanics in conjunction with electronic structure theory and by empirical rules like group additivity. The latter two methods are briefly re-viewed in this chapter. The overview of electronic structure methods is intended for readers less experienced in electronic structure theory and focuses on concepts without going into mathematical details. This is followed by a brief description of group additivity schemes; finally, an overview of databases listing reliable thermochemical data is given

Experimental and theoretical studies of the reaction of atomic hydrogen with silane

Article on experimental and theoretical studies of the reaction of atomic hydrogen with silane

Reactions of boron and aluminum atoms with small molecules

Article on the reactions of boron and aluminum atoms with small molecules