Altimetry for the future: Building on 25 years of progress

In 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these developments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and more recently, in 2018, in Ponta Delgada, Portugal, 25 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry. On this latter occasion it was decided to collect contributions of scientists, engineers and managers involved in the worldwide altimetry community to depict the state of altimetry and propose recommendations for the altimetry of the future. This paper summarizes contributions and recommendations that were collected and provides guidance for future mission design, research activities, and sustainable operational radar altimetry data exploitation. Recommendations provided are fundamental for optimizing further scientific and operational advances of oceanographic observations by altimetry, including requirements for spatial and temporal resolution of altimetric measurements, their accuracy and continuity. There are also new challenges and new openings mentioned in the paper that are particularly crucial for observations at higher latitudes, for coastal oceanography, for cryospheric studies and for hydrology. The paper starts with a general introduction followed by a section on Earth System Science including Ocean Dynamics, Sea Level, the Coastal Ocean, Hydrology, the Cryosphere and Polar Oceans and the ‘‘Green” Ocean, extending the frontier from biogeochemistry to marine ecology. Applications are described in a subsequent section, which covers Operational Oceanography, Weather, Hurricane Wave and Wind Forecasting, Climate projection. Instruments’ development and satellite missions’ evolutions are described in a fourth section. A fifth section covers the key observations that altimeters provide and their potential complements, from other Earth observation measurements to in situ data. Section 6 identifies the data and methods and provides some accuracy and resolution requirements for the wet tropospheric correction, the orbit and other geodetic requirements, the Mean Sea Surface, Geoid and Mean Dynamic Topography, Calibration and Validation, data accuracy, data access and handling (including the DUACS system). Section 7 brings a transversal view on scales, integration, artificial intelligence, and capacity building (education and training). Section 8 reviews the programmatic issues followed by a conclusion

Altimetry for the future: building on 25 years of progress

In 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these developments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and more recently, in 2018, in Ponta Delgada, Portugal, 25 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry. On this latter occasion it was decided to collect contributions of scientists, engineers and managers involved in the worldwide altimetry community to depict the state of altimetry and propose recommendations for the altimetry of the future. This paper summarizes contributions and recommendations that were collected and provides guidance for future mission design, research activities, and sustainable operational radar altimetry data exploitation. Recommendations provided are fundamental for optimizing further scientific and operational advances of oceanographic observations by altimetry, including requirements for spatial and temporal resolution of altimetric measurements, their accuracy and continuity. There are also new challenges and new openings mentioned in the paper that are particularly crucial for observations at higher latitudes, for coastal oceanography, for cryospheric studies and for hydrology. The paper starts with a general introduction followed by a section on Earth System Science including Ocean Dynamics, Sea Level, the Coastal Ocean, Hydrology, the Cryosphere and Polar Oceans and the “Green” Ocean, extending the frontier from biogeochemistry to marine ecology. Applications are described in a subsequent section, which covers Operational Oceanography, Weather, Hurricane Wave and Wind Forecasting, Climate projection. Instruments’ development and satellite missions’ evolutions are described in a fourth section. A fifth section covers the key observations that altimeters provide and their potential complements, from other Earth observation measurements to in situ data. Section 6 identifies the data and methods and provides some accuracy and resolution requirements for the wet tropospheric correction, the orbit and other geodetic requirements, the Mean Sea Surface, Geoid and Mean Dynamic Topography, Calibration and Validation, data accuracy, data access and handling (including the DUACS system). Section 7 brings a transversal view on scales, integration, artificial intelligence, and capacity building (education and training). Section 8 reviews the programmatic issues followed by a conclusion

Une Cécidomyie nouvelle en France, ravageur des graines du Cyprès de Lawson : Janetiella siskiyou Felt, 1917 (= Craneiobia lawsoniariae De Meijere, 1935) [Dipt. Cecidomyiidae]

Coutin Rémi. Une Cécidomyie nouvelle en France, ravageur des graines du Cyprès de Lawson : Janetiella siskiyou Felt, 1917 (= Craneiobia lawsoniariae De Meijere, 1935) [Dipt. Cecidomyiidae]. In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 81 (1-2), Janvier-février 1976. pp. 2-8

Récente extension mondiale et présence de la Cécidomyie du Sorgho (Contarinia sorghicola Coq., 1898), en France méridionale [Dipt. Cecidomyidae]

Depuis 1956, C. sorghicola Coq. a été découvert ou s'est nouvellement implanté dans plusieurs pays à la faveur de l'introduction de semences et par suite de l'extension de la culture du Sorgho. Quoique les régions subtropicales soient plus favorables à son évolution, cet insecte semble toutefois capable de se maintenir dans les régions à climat de type méditerranéen. La Cécidomyie du Sorgho fut découverte en 1967 dans le sud de la France, où son introduction paraît récente, sans qu'elle s'y révèle nuisible.Coutin Rémi. Récente extension mondiale et présence de la Cécidomyie du Sorgho (Contarinia sorghicola Coq., 1898), en France méridionale [Dipt. Cecidomyidae]. In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 74 (1-2), Janvier-février 1969. pp. 13-20

Une Cécidomyie nouvelle en France, ravageur des graines du Cyprès de Lawson : Janetiella siskiyou Felt, 1917 (= Craneiobia lawsoniariae De Meijere, 1935) [Dipt. Cecidomyiidae]

Coutin Rémi. Une Cécidomyie nouvelle en France, ravageur des graines du Cyprès de Lawson : Janetiella siskiyou Felt, 1917 (= Craneiobia lawsoniariae De Meijere, 1935) [Dipt. Cecidomyiidae]. In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 81 (1-2), Janvier-février 1976. pp. 2-8

Les Laspeyresia des châtaignes et des glands. Etude biologique et morphologique de L. splendana (Hb.) et L. fagiglandana (Z.) [Lep. Olethreutidae]

Coutin Rémi. Les Laspeyresia des châtaignes et des glands. Etude biologique et morphologique de L. splendana (Hb.) et L. fagiglandana (Z.) [Lep. Olethreutidae]. In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 66 (1-2), Janvier-février 1961. pp. 21-26

Mayetiola agrostidis n. sp., la Cécidomyie des tiges d'Agrostis stolonifera L. 1753 (Díptera, Cecidomyiidae)

Mayetiola agrostidis n. sp., the Cecidomyia of the stems of Agrostis stolonifera L. 1753 (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). In spring 1993, Mayetiola agrostidis, a new gall midge, was detected around Paris on several greens of golfs. Several larvae lived at the base of shoot. Each one shoot becomes yellowish and to be dying. Entirely green turns yellow and golfing became unpleasant.Une nouvelle espèce de Cécidomyie déprédatrice des Agrostides des pelouses a été découverte en France en 1993. Elle est décrite ici.Coutin Rémi. Mayetiola agrostidis n. sp., la Cécidomyie des tiges d'Agrostis stolonifera L. 1753 (Díptera, Cecidomyiidae). In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 105 (4), octobre 2000. pp. 353-355

Une nouvelle Cécidomyie des gaines foliaires de la Canne de Provence, Lasioptera donacis n. sp. (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae)

A new Gall Midge species of the leafsheaths of the Great Reed, Lasioptera donacis n. sp. (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). A new species of Gall Midge, Lasioptera donacis n. sp., was discovered on the Arundo donax, Great Reed. Their larvae grow in old galleries of the leafsheaths bored by Cerodontha phragmitophila. A symbiotic association develops between the larvae of L. donacis and some fungi particularly Aspergillus niger. We have here a new example of symbiotic associations between insects, planta and fungi. At last the allergogen fungus Trichothecium roseum, invades the decaying tissues of the leaves.A la suite à des troubles allergiques subis, dans la région de Montpellier, par des employés d'une usine de pâte à papier manipulant des tiges coupées de Canne de Provence, Arundo donax, des larves d'une nouvelle espèce de Cécidomyie ont été découvertes à l'intérieur de galeries creusées dans les gaines foliaires, accompagnées de larves d'un Agromyzide, Cerodontha phragmitophila Hering. Les deux moisissures allergogènes responsables ont été identifiées : Trichothecium roseum (Bull) Link, et Aspergillus niger v. Thiem.Coutin Rémi. Une nouvelle Cécidomyie des gaines foliaires de la Canne de Provence, Lasioptera donacis n. sp. (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 106 (1), mars 2001. pp. 105-108

Récente extension mondiale et présence de la Cécidomyie du Sorgho (Contarinia sorghicola Coq., 1898), en France méridionale [Dipt. Cecidomyidae]

Depuis 1956, C. sorghicola Coq. a été découvert ou s'est nouvellement implanté dans plusieurs pays à la faveur de l'introduction de semences et par suite de l'extension de la culture du Sorgho. Quoique les régions subtropicales soient plus favorables à son évolution, cet insecte semble toutefois capable de se maintenir dans les régions à climat de type méditerranéen. La Cécidomyie du Sorgho fut découverte en 1967 dans le sud de la France, où son introduction paraît récente, sans qu'elle s'y révèle nuisible.Coutin Rémi. Récente extension mondiale et présence de la Cécidomyie du Sorgho (Contarinia sorghicola Coq., 1898), en France méridionale [Dipt. Cecidomyidae]. In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 74 (1-2), Janvier-février 1969. pp. 13-20

Une nouvelle Cécidomyie des gaines foliaires de la Canne de Provence, Lasioptera donacis n. sp. (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae)

A new Gall Midge species of the leafsheaths of the Great Reed, Lasioptera donacis n. sp. (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). A new species of Gall Midge, Lasioptera donacis n. sp., was discovered on the Arundo donax, Great Reed. Their larvae grow in old galleries of the leafsheaths bored by Cerodontha phragmitophila. A symbiotic association develops between the larvae of L. donacis and some fungi particularly Aspergillus niger. We have here a new example of symbiotic associations between insects, planta and fungi. At last the allergogen fungus Trichothecium roseum, invades the decaying tissues of the leaves.A la suite à des troubles allergiques subis, dans la région de Montpellier, par des employés d'une usine de pâte à papier manipulant des tiges coupées de Canne de Provence, Arundo donax, des larves d'une nouvelle espèce de Cécidomyie ont été découvertes à l'intérieur de galeries creusées dans les gaines foliaires, accompagnées de larves d'un Agromyzide, Cerodontha phragmitophila Hering. Les deux moisissures allergogènes responsables ont été identifiées : Trichothecium roseum (Bull) Link, et Aspergillus niger v. Thiem.Coutin Rémi. Une nouvelle Cécidomyie des gaines foliaires de la Canne de Provence, Lasioptera donacis n. sp. (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 106 (1), mars 2001. pp. 105-108