Samlet plan for utslipp til vann fra steinindustrien (larvikittprodusentene) i Larvik Del 1 Resipientundersøkelser 2006-2008 (Datarapport)

Rapporten inneholder: Stasjonsregister med koordinater Alle stasjonene vist på karter Alle fysiske, kjemiske, og biologiske primærdata i tabellerLarvikittprodusentenes Forening (LPF

Samlet plan for utslipp til vann fra steinindustrien (larvikittprodusentene) i Larvik, Del 1: Resipientundersøkelser 2006-2008 (Tekstdel)

Det er gjennomført resipientundersøkelser i vannforekomster som mottar avrenning fra Larvikittproduksjonen i Tjølling og Brunlanes i Larvik kommune. I alt 130 lokaliteter omfattende bekker, elver, innsjøer og fjorder er undersøkt gjennom en periode på to år. Vannforekomstene er undersøkt for turbiditet (grumsethet), vannkjemi, alger, bunnfauna, og fisk. Selv om påvirkningen visuelt sett kan virke betydelig, var den økologiske effekten overraskende liten. Kun i de sterkest påvirkede lokaliteter kunne man finne klare negative effekter på vannøko­logien. Dette gjaldt innsjøene Mørjetjern, Bålsrudtjern, og i noe mindre grad Torpevannet. Det var ingen økolog­iske eller bruksmessige påvirkninger i Hallevannet. Nordre del av Varildfjorden i Viksfjord, var periodevis sterk påvirket av slamtilførsel, men noen økologisk effekt synes ikke utslippet å ha. Det samme kan sies om Mørje­fjorden, innerst i Sildevika og ut for Kastet. I ekelte av de små bekkene var det negative effekter både på begroing, bunndyr og fisk. Dette gjaldt øverst i Tveidalsbekken, Mørjebekken, Askedalsbekken, Håkestadbekken, og Haslebekken. Det kunne ikke påvises negative økologiske effekter i de viktige lokalitetene som Istreelva, Mørjerød­bekken, Mørjetjernbekken, og Eikedalsbekken. Kun få år etter at et brudd er avsluttet, avtar konsentra­sjonene av forurensninger i avrenningen til uproblematiske nivåer. Med tanke på eutrofieringsvirkninger ble biotilgjengeligheten av fosfor i finknust larvikitt funnet å være lav, omtrent som fra turbid isbreavrenning og bare ca 1/5 av biotilgjengeligheten av fosfor fra erosjonsavrenning fra dyrket mark. Larvikitt inneholder ikke nitrogen. Alu­miniums­innholdet i larvikitten ble ikke funnet å kunne opptre i giftige former ved den pH og ionestyrke som er tilstede i de aktuelle resipientene.Larvikittprodusentenes forening (LPF

Response to Lawrence DJ: The global summit on the efficacy and effectiveness of spinal manipulative therapy for the prevention and treatment of non-musculoskeletal disorders: A systematic review of the literature

Thank you for the opportunity to respond to the Letter to the Editor by Dana J. Lawrence. In his letter, Lawrence states that the results of our systematic review may be due to bias. However, he does not adequately substantiate his claims..

Genetic plasticity of the Shigella virulence plasmid is mediated by intra- and inter-molecular events between insertion sequences

Acquisition of a single copy, large virulence plasmid, pINV, led to the emergence of Shigella spp. from Escherichia coli. The plasmid encodes a Type III secretion system (T3SS) on a 30kb pathogenicity island (PAI), and is maintained in a bacterial population through a series of toxin:antitoxin (TA) systems which mediate post-segrega tional killing (PSK). The T3SS imposes a significant cost on the bacterium, and strains which have lost the plasmid and/or genes encoding the T3SS grow faster than wild-type strains in the laboratory, and fail to bind the indicator dye Congo Red (CR). Our aim was to define the molecular events in Shigella flexneri that cause loss of Type III secretion (T3S), and to examine whether TA systems exert positional effects on pINV. During growth at 37°C, we found that deletions of regions of the plasmid including the PAI lead to the emergence of CR-negative colonies; deletions occur through intra-molecula r recombination events between insertion sequences (ISs) flanking the PAI. Furthermore, by repositioning MvpAT (which belongs to the VapBC family of TA systems) near the PAI, we demonstrate that the location of this TA system alters the rearrangements that lead to loss of T3S, indicating that MvpAT acts both globally (by reducing loss of pINV through PSK) as well as locally (by preventing loss of adjacent sequences). During growth at environmental temperatures, we show for the first time that pINV spontaneously integrates into different sites in the chromosome, and this is mediated by inter-molecular events involving IS 1294. Integration leads to reduced PAI gene expression and impaired secretion through the T3SS, while excision of pINV from the chromosome restores T3SS function. Therefore, pINV integration provides a reversible mechanism for Shigella to circumvent the metabolic burden imposed by pINV. Intra- and inter-molecular events between ISs, which are abundant in Shigella spp., mediate plasticity of S. flexneri pINV

Open data from the third observing run of LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA, and GEO

The global network of gravitational-wave observatories now includes five detectors, namely LIGO Hanford, LIGO Livingston, Virgo, KAGRA, and GEO 600. These detectors collected data during their third observing run, O3, composed of three phases: O3a starting in 2019 April and lasting six months, O3b starting in 2019 November and lasting five months, and O3GK starting in 2020 April and lasting two weeks. In this paper we describe these data and various other science products that can be freely accessed through the Gravitational Wave Open Science Center at https://gwosc.org. The main data set, consisting of the gravitational-wave strain time series that contains the astrophysical signals, is released together with supporting data useful for their analysis and documentation, tutorials, as well as analysis software packages

Search for gravitational-wave transients associated with magnetar bursts in advanced LIGO and advanced Virgo data from the third observing run

Gravitational waves are expected to be produced from neutron star oscillations associated with magnetar giant f lares and short bursts. We present the results of a search for short-duration (milliseconds to seconds) and longduration (∼100 s) transient gravitational waves from 13 magnetar short bursts observed during Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo, and KAGRA’s third observation run. These 13 bursts come from two magnetars, SGR1935 +2154 and SwiftJ1818.0−1607. We also include three other electromagnetic burst events detected by FermiGBM which were identified as likely coming from one or more magnetars, but they have no association with a known magnetar. No magnetar giant flares were detected during the analysis period. We find no evidence of gravitational waves associated with any of these 16 bursts. We place upper limits on the rms of the integrated incident gravitational-wave strain that reach 3.6 × 10−²³ Hz at 100 Hz for the short-duration search and 1.1 ×10−²² Hz at 450 Hz for the long-duration search. For a ringdown signal at 1590 Hz targeted by the short-duration search the limit is set to 2.3 × 10−²² Hz. Using the estimated distance to each magnetar, we derive upper limits upper limits on the emitted gravitational-wave energy of 1.5 × 1044 erg (1.0 × 1044 erg) for SGR 1935+2154 and 9.4 × 10^43 erg (1.3 × 1044 erg) for Swift J1818.0−1607, for the short-duration (long-duration) search. Assuming isotropic emission of electromagnetic radiation of the burst fluences, we constrain the ratio of gravitational-wave energy to electromagnetic energy for bursts from SGR 1935+2154 with the available fluence information. The lowest of these ratios is 4.5 × 103

A joint Fermi-GBM and Swift-BAT analysis of gravitational-wave candidates from the third gravitational-wave observing run

We present Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (Fermi-GBM) and Swift Burst Alert Telescope (Swift-BAT) searches for gamma-ray/X-ray counterparts to gravitational-wave (GW) candidate events identified during the third observing run of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. Using Fermi-GBM onboard triggers and subthreshold gamma-ray burst (GRB) candidates found in the Fermi-GBM ground analyses, the Targeted Search and the Untargeted Search, we investigate whether there are any coincident GRBs associated with the GWs. We also search the Swift-BAT rate data around the GW times to determine whether a GRB counterpart is present. No counterparts are found. Using both the Fermi-GBM Targeted Search and the Swift-BAT search, we calculate flux upper limits and present joint upper limits on the gamma-ray luminosity of each GW. Given these limits, we constrain theoretical models for the emission of gamma rays from binary black hole mergers