TRATAMENTO RESTAURADOR ATRAUMÁTICO: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

A cárie dentária é um problema de saúde pública bucal, sendo causador de dor e de perdas dentárias

Control of Haematobia irritans in the Minas Gerais Semiarid

Background: Beef cattle is considered to be one of the most important economic activities, however, it presents problems in the production chain such as the occurrence of parasites that reduce the growth, performance, productivity and may cause mortalities occasionally. The chemical control is the most used alternative to reduce ectoparasites. Nevertheless, inappropriate management of insecticides has contributed to the selection of population resistant to the products available on the market. This paper aimed to evaluate the practices of management and the application of insecticides used to control horn flies in farms of dairy cattle in the North of the state of Minas Gerais.Materials, Methods & Results: It was visited 62 rural properties, which produce milk. Semi-structured questionnaires were applied in order to obtain information on the characteristics of the properties (location, size and type of the cattle), on the knowledge about the epidemiology of the horn flies, and on the practices adopted to the control of those parasites. The practices adopted include the moment of application of the insecticides, frequency of the cattle treatment, used products, method of application, number of animals treated, and choice and substitution criteria of insecticides. The data collected were tabulated in contingency tables, and they were analyzed using the chi-square test, considering a significance of 5%. The racial composition of the cattle in the farms was mainly mixed-race of unknown origin, representing 77% of the animals evaluated. In this research, it was reported a greater incidence of horn flies infestation on adult beef herd, and 23.6% of the producers reported occurrences of infestation in the whole herd, not differing by categories. The infestation peaks of the fly occurred from November to March. It was also found a greater frequency of pyrethroid use in the region (P < 0.001), where 43.1% of the producers used associations of pyrethroid or organophosphate to control the flies, high efficiency being reported. From the properties assessed, 92% presented inadequacy in the practices of control of horn flies, for instance, the lack of using cattle manure tank, the accumulation of open waste, the lack of rotation of insecticides, which can favor the selection of resistant flies.Discussion: In this paper, it was reported 77.19% of predominance of Haematobia irritans infestation from November to March mainly in animals with a higher percentage of European or mixed-race genetics. Such results corroborate with the literature, because it was verified the influence of race and hair color in the level of infestation in the animals, although, in the same race, each individual presents different susceptibilities. Taurine beef cattle are more susceptible to infestation by horn flies than zebu cattle. Thus, the lower the proportion of zebu cattle genetics in the herd, the greater the infestation. Taurine beef cattle are more infested because shows a greater number of sebaceous glands and greater concentration of testosterone being attractive before the calves castrated, cows, and after, young animals. Cypermethrin was predominant in most part of the commercial insecticides used in the properties to control this ectoparasite, which could be justified by the large number of products available on the market with such compound in the formulations. The high efficiency of the associations of the insecticides reported by the producers could justify itself by the presence of active ingredients with different mechanisms of action. However, the limitation on the use of these associations is that not always the chemical compounds contained in the drug act simultaneously, being able to favor the selection of parasites resistant to different insecticides present in these formulations

Dieta cetogênica: redução de crises convulsivas em epilepsia farmacorresistente / Ketogenic diet: reduction of seizures in drug-resisting epilepsy

Introdução. De acordo com a OMS, a epilepsia é definida por duas ou mais crises convulsivas não provocadas. Atualmente, afeta 50 milhões de pessoas no mundo, o que a torna uma doença neurológica comum globalmente. Nos anos 20 era tratada com Brometos e Fenobarbital, contudo em razão da escassa disponibilidade de drogas antiepilépticas buscava-se outras estratégias para controle e foi neste contexto que a dieta cetogênica começou a ser utilizada. Objetivos. Expor a dieta cetogênica com uma opção de tratamento para epilepsia, enfatizar sua eficácia na diminuição de crises convulsivas e listar possíveis efeitos colaterais desta terapêutica. Metodologia de Busca. Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico nas bases de dados Scielo e PubMed entre os períodos de 2014 a 2019, utilizando como descritores “ketogenic diet”, “epilepsy”, “seizures”, sendo selecionados quatorze artigos em língua inglesa. Além disso, foram direcionadas buscas sobre o conteúdo no site da OMS. Discussão. Um estudo randomizado com 48 crianças durante 16 meses apresentou redução de mais de 50% das crises convulsivas em 35% dos pacientes tratados com dieta cetogênica, além de 46,2% deste mesmo grupo ter apresentado diminuição da piora das crises. Contudo, há falta de adesão para que esta dieta seja colocada em prática, mesmo que os estudos revelem ser uma intervenção efetiva. Considerações Finais. Há evidências de que a dieta cetogênica promove redução de crises diversas, o que infere uma boa estratégia no controle de crises convulsivas em pacientes resistentes à medicação. No entanto este tratamento requer disciplina do paciente e apoio familiar

Dicephalia in a Bovine

Background: Congenital defects consist of structural or functional abnormalities present at birth, which partially or globally affect the systems. Among the defects are the conjoined twins, a rare congenital anomaly caused by fusion of two monozygotic embryos which can be classified according to the different sites of union. The Siamese twins and embryonic duplication are represented by a progressive series of malformations, since partial duplication of part of the body to the training almost full two bodies. Siamese twins occur in humans and in several animal species. Dicephalia refers to two totally separate heads. The aim of this study was to report a case of dicephalia in a bovine fetus.Case: A crossbred bovine fetus from a cow pregnant at. The animal was fixed by immersion in 10% formalin for sample collection. Muscles were dissected, with exposure of the bones of the right head, neck, forelimb, and hind limb. After dissection, the fetus was subjected to a preservation process by impregnation with glycerin. Next, internal organs were removed in bloc (from tongue to rectum) for evaluation of internal alterations. Additionally, radiographs of the spinal cord were performed to diagnose alterations by diagnostic imaging. Radiography revealed the presence of two skulls; two cervical spines, both with seven vertebrae; two thoracic spines, both with 13 vertebrae; and two lumbar spines, both with six vertebrae, however, fused at L4, i.e., connected in the final third part. Further information could not be obtained by the radiographs due to severe overlapping of structures, causing image subtraction. The findings are compatible with mineralized conjoined twin fetuses. After dissection, it was possible to see that each head exhibited normal development of tongue, trachea, and esophagus. In the thorax, there were two lungs with their typical lobes; however, there was atrophy of the lobes located medially. There was one pericardial sac surrounding two hearts. There was dextroposition of the aorta of the right heart, which would pass over the esophagus and trachea, and was connected to the aorta of the left heart in the cervical region. The ribs of the medial portion of the thorax were absent. The diaphragm had a central opening with protrusion of the diaphragmatic portion of the right lung lobe. The abdomen exhibited two rumens, one was blind-ended, and the other had normal prestomachs development, with connection to normal small and large intestines. There was a lung lobe close to the kidneys (pulmonary choristoma).Discussion: The bovine fetus reported here can be classified as dicephalic, since it exhibited two well defined heads and only one body. That is different from diprosopia, which refers to the development of two faces in one skull. Such anomalies are rare and isolated in bovines, with few studies and information about them. The factors that trigger embryonic duplication are still unclear; however, the cause can be attributed to genetic defects in the germ cells, environmental influences, and heredity. The most important known causes are prenatal viral infection, ingestion of teratogens by the mother, vitamin A and folic acid deficiency, genetic factors, and/or a combination of these factors. No reports of rumen duplication in dicephalic bovines have been observed. Although the occurrence of such malformations is rare, they are relevant and cause economic losses to the farmers.Keywords: siamese twins, malformations, radiography, ruminant

Emotional, hyperactivity and inattention problems in adolescents with immunocompromising chronic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objective: To assess factors associated with emotional changes and Hyperactivity/Inattention (HI) motivated by COVID-19 quarantine in adolescents with immunocompromising diseases. Methods: A cross-sectional study included&nbsp;343&nbsp;adolescents with immunocompromising diseases and 108&nbsp;healthy adolescents. Online questionnaires were answered including socio-demographic data and self-rated healthcare routine during COVID-19 quarantine and validated surveys: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL4.0). Results: The frequencies of abnormal emotional SDQ scores from adolescents with chronic diseases were similar to those of healthy subjects (110/343&nbsp;[32%] vs.&nbsp;38/108 [35%], p&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.548), as well as abnormal hyperactivity/inattention SDQ scores (79/343 [23%] vs.&nbsp;29/108 [27%], p&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.417). Logistic regression analysis of independent variables associated with abnormal emotional scores from adolescents with chronic diseases showed: female sex (Odds Ratio [OR&nbsp;=&nbsp;3.76]; 95%&nbsp;Confidence Interval (95%&nbsp;CI) 2.00‒7.05; p &lt; 0.001), poor sleep quality (OR&nbsp;=&nbsp;2.05; 95%&nbsp;CI&nbsp;1.08‒3.88; p&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.028) and intrafamilial violence during pandemic (OR&nbsp;=&nbsp;2.17; 95%&nbsp;CI&nbsp;1.12‒4.19; p&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.021) as independently associated with abnormal emotional scores, whereas total PedsQL score was inversely associated with abnormal emotional scores (OR&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.95; 95%&nbsp;CI&nbsp;0.93‒0.96; p &lt; 0.0001). Logistic regression analysis associated with abnormal HI scores from patients evidenced that total PedsQL score (OR&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.97; 95%&nbsp;CI&nbsp;0.95‒0.99; p&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.010], changes in medical appointments during the pandemic (OR&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.39; 95%&nbsp;CI&nbsp;0.19-0.79; p&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.021), and reliable COVID-19 information (OR&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.35; 95%&nbsp;CI&nbsp;0.16‒0.77; p&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.026) remained inversely associated with abnormal HI scores. Conclusion: The present study showed emotional and HI disturbances in adolescents with chronic immunosuppressive diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic. It reinforces the need to promptly implement a longitudinal program to protect the mental health of adolescents with and without chronic illnesses during future pandemics

PRÁTICAS DE INOVAÇÕES PEDAGÓGICAS DO CURSO DE CIÊNCIAS ECONÔMICAS

A aderência ao PIIP da UFT através de PIP próprio foi motivado por uma dificuldade do processo de ensino: uma pretensa contradição entre a teorização e a prática do economista. O PIP do Curso aparece como ferramenta de aproximação destas dimensões, importante à motivação dos alunos. Estrutura-se em três ambientes: um para oferta de grupos de estudos, mini-cursos, oficinas, seminários, palestras, etc., outro para ofertas de monitoria aos estudantes; e um terceiro, para convívio entre estudantes por meio de projetos recreativos e culturais. Os espaços para ações no âmbito destas atividades foram estruturados neste exercício, e importantes ações foram ofertadas. Mas o projeto, pela novidade que representa, precisa ainda de importantes aprimoramentos

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost