Coastal Marine Pollution and Ecosystem Status in Pacasmayo, Malabrigo (Chicama), Huanchaco, and Salaverry, Peru (May 2019)

En mayo 2019 se evaluaron las áreas submareal e intermareal de Pacasmayo, Malabrigo, Huanchaco y Salaverry así como la desembocadura de los ríos Jequetepeque y Moche. Se midieron parámetros físicos, químicos y biológicos en agua y sedimento. El promedio de la temperatura superficial del mar fue 18,0 °C, se detectó anomalía de +0,3 °C al compararlo con el Patrón térmico de Malabrigo (1925 a 2017). Los valores térmicos contrastados con categorías y magnitudes de los Índices Costero El Niño (ICEN) y LABCOS, indicaron que el estudio se desarrolló durante condición oceanográfica neutra. El oxígeno superficial varió de 3,4 a 5,0 mg/L, subsuperficial fue de 0,5 a 1,4 mg/L. El potencial de hidrógeno superficial osciló entre 8,05 y 8,14 unidad. La zona marina costera de Salaverry y Huanchaco presentaron contaminación por materia orgánica, sedimentos reducidos con olor a sulfuros, predominando fango y arena muy fina, también se registró contenido de cadmio y cobre que pueden ocasionar efectos biológicos adversos. Respecto a bioindicadores, la diatomea potencialmente tóxica encontrada fue Pseudo-nitzschia en Malabrigo y Huanchaco (Muy Abundante y Abundante). En cuanto a dinoflagelados se registró Dinophysis acuminata, D. caudata y D. tripos en Huanchaco y Malabrigo, solo D. caudata (catalogado como potencialmente tóxico) se encontró en Salaverry. El poliqueto Owenia fusiformis fue especie dominante en Huanchaco y Malabrigo; Magelona sp. y Capitella sp., indicadoras de algún tipo de perturbación ambiental, fueron detectadas en Salaverry. Las playas de El Muelle, La Lata y Junco Marino en Pacasmayo y Buenos Aires en Trujillo presentaron contaminación microbiológica de coliformes totales y termotolerantes (ECA, Perú). El río Moche a la altura del puente en Panamericana y la desembocadura del río Jequetepeque presentaron contaminación microbiológica de coliformes.ABSTRACT: In May 2019, the subtidal and intertidal areas of Pacasmayo, Malabrigo, Huanchaco, and Salaverry, as well as the mouths of the Jequetepeque and Moche rivers, were assessed. Physical, chemical, and biological parameters were measured in water and sediment. The average sea surface temperature was 18.0°C, showing a +0.3°C anomaly compared to Malabrigo's Thermal Pattern (1925 to 2017). Thermal values, contrasted with El Niño Coastal Index (ICEN) and LABCOS categories and magnitudes, indicated a neutral oceanographic condition during the study. Surface oxygen ranged from 3.4 to 5.0 mg/L, while subsurface values ranged from 0.5 to 1.4 mg/L. The surface hydrogen potential varied between 8.05 and 8.14 units. Salaverry and Huanchaco's coastal marine area exhibited contamination from organic matter, reduced sediments with sulfurous odor, mainly consisting of mud and very fine sand. Additionally, there were recorded levels of cadmium and copper potentially causing adverse biological effects. Regarding bioindicators, the potentially toxic diatom found was Pseudo-nitzschia in Malabrigo and Huanchaco (Very Abundant and Abundant). As for dinoflagellates, Dinophysis acuminata, D. caudata, and D. tripos were recorded in Huanchaco and Malabrigo, with only D. caudata (classified as potentially toxic) found in Salaverry. The polychaete Owenia fusiformis was the dominant species in Huanchaco and Malabrigo; Magelona sp. and Capitella sp., indicative of some environmental disturbance, were detected in Salaverry. The beaches of El Muelle, La Lata, and Junco Marino in Pacasmayo and Buenos Aires in Trujillo showed microbiological contamination of total and thermotolerant coliforms (WQS, Peru). The Moche River at the bridge on the Pan-American Highway and the mouth of the Jequetepeque River presented microbiological contamination of coliforms

Quality of the Coastal Marine Environment and Ecosystem State in Chérrepe, Pacasmayo, Malabrigo (Chicama), Huanchaco, and Salaverry, Peru (May and December 2018)

La evaluación se desarrolló en mayo y diciembre 2018, considerando las áreas submareal e intermareal de cada una de las localidades así como de los ríos Chamán, Jequetepeque, Moche y Virú. Se midieron parámetros fisicoquímicos y biológicos en agua y sedimento. El monitoreo se efectuó en momentos de condición oceanográfica neutra (mayo) y cálida (diciembre). La zona marina costera de Huanchaco y Salaverry, en mayo, presentó menor calidad en el estado de salud del ecosistema debido a la concentración de agentes contaminantes orgánicos, inorgánicos en agua y sedimento marino, aquí se detectaron bio indicadores de alteración al ambiente como la Capitella sp. con 347 y 188 inv/m2, así como, Lagis koreni que alcanzó mayor densidad 2485, 1485 inv/m2 en diciembre. El índice de geoacumulación de metales mostró que el cadmio fue el mayor contaminante del sedimento superficial marino del submareal en Malabrigo (moderadamente contaminando) y Salaverry (moderado a fuertemente contaminado); Salaverry estuvo moderadamente contaminado con plomo, utilizando el Estándar de Canadá se detectó cobre para ambas zonas, debido a que superó la concentración por debajo de la cual no se presentan efectos biológicos adversos. Las playas de Buenos Aires y Huanchaquito presentaron mayor carga bacteriana de coliformes totales y termotolerantes, los coliformes termotolerantes incumplieron el ECA para Agua. La DBO de las playas de Pacasmayo, Malabrigo y Huanchaco presentaron valores superiores al ECA para Agua. La mayor carga bacteriana promedio anual de coliformes termotolerantes fue hallada en el río Moche seguida de los ríos Virú y Jequetepeque

Petrografía, geocronología y geoquímica de las ignimbritas de la Formación Popayán, en el contexto del vulcanismo del suroccidente de Colombia

Desde 1.932 se está discutiendo acerca de la estratigrafía y la composición de los depósitos y rocas que constituyen la Formación Popayán, surgiendo varias propuestas estratigráficas que se han venido actualizando de acuerdo a la evolución de los conceptos que, con el transcurrir del tiempo, ha tenido la vulcanología -- A partir de la caracterización de los depósitos de la Formación Popayán se plantea que está constituida primordialmente por depósitos de flujos de ignimbritas y por espesos depósitos de flujos de ceniza y bloques de hasta 200 m de espesor que rellenaron un paleorelieve, construido sobre rocas del Paleozoico al Paleoceno, conformando la Meseta de Popayán -- Se propone que la sección estratigráfica tipo de la Formación Popayán sea la levantada en la quebrada Sombrerillo, localizada al norte de la Meseta de Popayán en el Municipio de Morales, de muy fácil acceso, y donde está perfectamente representada ésta formación -- Las columnas estratigráficas levantadas en la Chorrera del Club Campestre del municipio de Popayán y en la quebrada La Chorrera- río Hondo, al sur de la meseta, en el municipio de El Tambo, se consideran secciones estratigráficas de referencia. En la sección estratigráfica de la quebrada Sombrerillo se observa la base de la Formación Popayán conformada por depósitos de flujos de ignimbritas con un espesor máximo observado de 100 m; estas ignimbritas están suprayacidas por una serie de depósitos de flujos piroclásticos y depósitos vulcano sedimentarios, con un espesor máximo observado de 100 m, sobre los que se desarrolló un paleosuelo de color rojo que se propone constituye el techo de la Formación de Popayán -- Los análisis geoquímicos ubican las ignimbritas de la Formación Popayán en las series magmáticas calcoalcalinas, siendo su composición riolítica alta en potasio -- Estas características las comparten con las ignimbritas de la Formación Guacacallo ubicadas en el valle geográfico del río Magdalena en el departamento del Huila; las dos formaciones tienen, igualmente, características cartográficas, geomorfológicas y estratigráficas comparables y esto permite su correlación -- De acuerdo con los estudios petrográficos realizados, los depósitos de flujos de ceniza y bloques estratigráficamente localizados hacia el techo de las ignimbritas son de composición andesitica -- Los volúmenes estimados para las ignimbritas de las formaciones de Popayán y Guacacallo son de aproximadamente 250 Km3, sin considerar los volúmenes de las cenizas acompañantes o co-ignimbritícas, cuyos cálculos pueden ser iguales a los de las ignimbritas propiamente dichas -- Estos volúmenes son indicadores de la gran significancia que tiene el vulcanismo riolítico en el segmento volcánico central de la Cordillera Central de Colombia -- Así mismo, su volumen y el alto contenido en potasio permite suponer que la génesis de los magmas que generaron los mantos ignimbríticos de las Formaciones de Popayán y Guacacallo está relacionada con la corteza continental -- Las ignimbritas denominadas en este trabajo de Pisojé Alto, ubicadas en el piedemonte occidental de la Cordillera Central y que bordean la Meseta de Popayán, de acuerdo con su información geoquímica, son de composición traquiandesitíca-andesitica, altas en potasio y hacen parte de las series calcoalcalinas -- Estas ignimbritas, de composición andesitica, no son correlacionables con las de la Formación Popayán y se propone que hacen parte de la Formación Coconuco -- De acuerdo a las dataciones de las ignimbritas del suroccidente de Colombia existentes en la literatura, y a las dataciones de 40Ar/Ar39 realizadas en esta investigación, consideradas referentes estratigráficos debido al alto contenido de argón atmosférico, el vulcanismo riolítico alto en potasio, del suroccidente de Colombia, se extiende desde hace 7.1±0.3 M.a hasta 2.1±0.4 M.a y sobre él se está construyendo el vulcanismo recient

EVC-EVC2 complex stability and ciliary targeting are regulated by modification with ubiquitin and SUMO

Ellis van Creveld syndrome and Weyers acrofacial dysostosis are two rare genetic diseases affecting skeletal development. They are both ciliopathies, as they are due to malfunction of primary cilia, microtubule-based plasma membrane protrusions that function as cellular antennae and are required for Hedgehog signaling, a key pathway during skeletal morphogenesis. These ciliopathies are caused by mutations affecting the EVC-EVC2 complex, a transmembrane protein heterodimer that regulates Hedgehog signaling from inside primary cilia. Despite the importance of this complex, the mechanisms underlying its stability, targeting and function are poorly understood. To address this, we characterized the endogenous EVC protein interactome in control and Evc-null cells. This proteomic screen confirmed EVC’s main known interactors (EVC2, IQCE, EFCAB7), while revealing new ones, including USP7, a deubiquitinating enzyme involved in Hedgehog signaling. We therefore looked at EVC-EVC2 complex ubiquitination. Such ubiquitination exists but is independent of USP7 (and of USP48, also involved in Hh signaling). We did find, however, that monoubiquitination of EVC-EVC2 cytosolic tails greatly reduces their protein levels. On the other hand, modification of EVC-EVC2 cytosolic tails with the small ubiquitin-related modifier SUMO3 has a different effect, enhancing complex accumulation at the EvC zone, immediately distal to the ciliary transition zone, possibly via increased binding to the EFCAB7-IQCE complex. Lastly, we find that EvC zone targeting of EVC-EVC2 depends on two separate EFCAB7-binding motifs within EVC2’s Weyers-deleted peptide. Only one of these motifs had been characterized previously, so we have mapped the second herein. Altogether, our data shed light on EVC-EVC2 complex regulatory mechanisms, with implications for ciliopathiesThis work was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) to both FG-G (PID2019-104941RB-I00) and VR-P (PID2019-105620RB-I00), and by a CIBERER ACCI-2020 grant to GM and FG-G. RM-M was supported by a predoctoral grant (BES2016-077828), also from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.Peer reviewe

Stroma-Mediated Resistance to S63845 and Venetoclax through MCL-1 and BCL-2 Expression Changes Induced by miR-193b-3p and miR-21-5p Dysregulation in Multiple Myeloma.

BH3-mimetics targeting anti-apoptotic proteins such as MCL-1 (S63845) or BCL-2 (venetoclax) are currently being evaluated as effective therapies for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). Interleukin 6, produced by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), has been shown to modify the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins and their interaction with the pro-apoptotic BIM protein in MM cells. In this study, we assess the efficacy of S63845 and venetoclax in MM cells in direct co-culture with MSCs derived from MM patients (pMSCs) to identify additional mechanisms involved in the stroma-induced resistance to these agents. MicroRNAs miR-193b-3p and miR-21-5p emerged among the top deregulated miRNAs in myeloma cells when directly co-cultured with pMSCs, and we show their contribution to changes in MCL-1 and BCL-2 protein expression and in the activity of S63845 and venetoclax. Additionally, direct contact with pMSCs under S63845 and/or venetoclax treatment modifies myeloma cell dependence on different BCL-2 family anti-apoptotic proteins in relation to BIM, making myeloma cells more dependent on the non-targeted anti-apoptotic protein or BCL-XL. Finally, we show a potent effect of the combination of S63845 and venetoclax even in the presence of pMSCs, which supports this combinatorial approach for the treatment of MM

Retrieval of germinal zone neural stem cells from the cerebrospinal fluid of premature infants with intraventricular hemorrhage

Intraventricular hemorrhage is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants. The rupture of the germinal zone into the ventricles entails loss of neural stem cells and disturbs the normal cytoarchitecture of the region, compromising late neurogliogenesis. Here we demonstrate that neural stem cells can be easily and robustly isolated from the hemorrhagic cerebrospinal fluid obtained during therapeutic neuroendoscopic lavage in preterm infants with severe intraventricular hemorrhage. Our analyses demonstrate that these neural stem cells, although similar to human fetal cell lines, display distinctive hallmarks related to their regional and developmental origin in the germinal zone of the ventral forebrain, the ganglionic eminences that give rise to interneurons and oligodendrocytes. These cells can be expanded, cryopreserved, and differentiated in vitro and in vivo in the brain of nude mice and show no sign of tumoral transformation 6 months after transplantation. This novel class of neural stem cells poses no ethical concerns, as the fluid is usually discarded, and could be useful for the development of an autologous therapy for preterm infants, aiming to restore late neurogliogenesis and attenuate neurocognitive deficits. Furthermore, these cells represent a valuable tool for the study of the final stages of human brain development and germinal zone biology

Izaña Atmospheric Research Center. Activity Report 2021-2022

Editors: Emilio Cuevas, Celia Milford and Oksana Tarasova.[EN]The Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), which is part of the State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), is a site of excellence in atmospheric science. It manages four observatories in Tenerife including the high altitude Izaña Atmospheric Observatory. The Izaña Atmospheric Observatory was inaugurated in 1916 and since that date has carried out uninterrupted meteorological and climatological observations, contributing towards a unique 100-year record in 2016. This reports are a summary of the many activities at the Izaña Atmospheric Research Center to the broader community. The combination of operational activities, research and development in state-of-the-art measurement techniques, calibration and validation and international cooperation encompass the vision of WMO to provide world leadership in expertise and international cooperation in weather, climate, hydrology and related environmental issues.[ES]El Centro de Investigación Atmosférica de Izaña (CIAI), que forma parte de la Agencia Estatal de Meteorología de España (AEMET), representa un centro de excelencia en ciencias atmosféricas. Gestiona cuatro observatorios en Tenerife, incluido el Observatorio de Izaña de gran altitud, inaugurado en 1916 y que desde entonces ha realizado observaciones meteorológicas y climatológicas ininterrumpidas y se ha convertido en una estación centenaria de la OMM. Estos informes resumen las múltiples actividades llevadas a cabo por el Centro de Investigación Atmosférica de Izaña. El liderazgo del Centro en materia de investigación y desarrollo con respecto a las técnicas de medición, calibración y validación de última generación, así como la cooperación internacional, le han otorgado una reputación sobresaliente en lo que se refiere al tiempo, el clima, la hidrología y otros temas ambientales afines

The evolution of the ventilatory ratio is a prognostic factor in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients

Background: Mortality due to COVID-19 is high, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the study is to investigate associations between mortality and variables measured during the first three days of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 intubated at ICU admission. Methods: Multicenter, observational, cohort study includes consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to 44 Spanish ICUs between February 25 and July 31, 2020, who required intubation at ICU admission and mechanical ventilation for more than three days. We collected demographic and clinical data prior to admission; information about clinical evolution at days 1 and 3 of mechanical ventilation; and outcomes. Results: Of the 2,095 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, 1,118 (53.3%) were intubated at day 1 and remained under mechanical ventilation at day three. From days 1 to 3, PaO2/FiO2 increased from 115.6 [80.0-171.2] to 180.0 [135.4-227.9] mmHg and the ventilatory ratio from 1.73 [1.33-2.25] to 1.96 [1.61-2.40]. In-hospital mortality was 38.7%. A higher increase between ICU admission and day 3 in the ventilatory ratio (OR 1.04 [CI 1.01-1.07], p = 0.030) and creatinine levels (OR 1.05 [CI 1.01-1.09], p = 0.005) and a lower increase in platelet counts (OR 0.96 [CI 0.93-1.00], p = 0.037) were independently associated with a higher risk of death. No association between mortality and the PaO2/FiO2 variation was observed (OR 0.99 [CI 0.95 to 1.02], p = 0.47). Conclusions: Higher ventilatory ratio and its increase at day 3 is associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation at ICU admission. No association was found in the PaO2/FiO2 variation

Clustering COVID-19 ARDS patients through the first days of ICU admission. An analysis of the CIBERESUCICOVID Cohort

Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can be classified into sub-phenotypes according to different inflammatory/clinical status. Prognostic enrichment was achieved by grouping patients into hypoinflammatory or hyperinflammatory sub-phenotypes, even though the time of analysis may change the classification according to treatment response or disease evolution. We aimed to evaluate when patients can be clustered in more than 1 group, and how they may change the clustering of patients using data of baseline or day 3, and the prognosis of patients according to their evolution by changing or not the cluster.Methods Multicenter, observational prospective, and retrospective study of patients admitted due to ARDS related to COVID-19 infection in Spain. Patients were grouped according to a clustering mixed-type data algorithm (k-prototypes) using continuous and categorical readily available variables at baseline and day 3.Results Of 6205 patients, 3743 (60%) were included in the study. According to silhouette analysis, patients were grouped in two clusters. At baseline, 1402 (37%) patients were included in cluster 1 and 2341(63%) in cluster 2. On day 3, 1557(42%) patients were included in cluster 1 and 2086 (57%) in cluster 2. The patients included in cluster 2 were older and more frequently hypertensive and had a higher prevalence of shock, organ dysfunction, inflammatory biomarkers, and worst respiratory indexes at both time points. The 90-day mortality was higher in cluster 2 at both clustering processes (43.8% [n = 1025] versus 27.3% [n = 383] at baseline, and 49% [n = 1023] versus 20.6% [n = 321] on day 3). Four hundred and fifty-eight (33%) patients clustered in the first group were clustered in the second group on day 3. In contrast, 638 (27%) patients clustered in the second group were clustered in the first group on day 3.Conclusions During the first days, patients can be clustered into two groups and the process of clustering patients may change as they continue to evolve. This means that despite a vast majority of patients remaining in the same cluster, a minority reaching 33% of patients analyzed may be re-categorized into different clusters based on their progress. Such changes can significantly impact their prognosis

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac