Rewriting History: A Study of How the History of the Civil War Has Changed in Textbooks from 1876 to 2014

History textbooks provide an interesting perspective into the views and attitudes of their respective time period. The way textbooks portray certain events and groups of people has a profound impact on the way children learn to view those groups and events. That impact then has the potential to trickle down to future generations, fabricating a historical narrative that sometimes avoids telling the whole truth, or uses selective wording to sway opinions on certain topics. This paper analyzes the changes seen in how the Civil War is written about in twelve textbooks dated from 1876 to 2014. Notable topics of discussion include the discussion of slaves and slavery, as well as the recognition, or lack of, the impact of minority groups. Many changes were traced, some for the worse, and quite a few for the better. Despite the efforts to make history textbooks more inclusive and unbiased, there is still much room for improvement, especially in regard to facing race relations and the causes behind the bloodiest war ever fought on American soil

The Student Movement Volume 107 Issue 16: Soul Lounge, Self-Care, and Stripple Breakfast Burritos: There\u27s Something for Everyone

HUMANS AU\u27s Favorite Classes, Solana Campbell Becoming Multilingual, Gloria Oh Greatest Gazebo Orders, Solana Campbell Interview with VP Nixon, Caryn Cruz ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT Currently: Babel, Terika Williams That 90\u27s Love: BSCF Soul Lounge, Skyler Campbell The Therapist, Marcel Mattox NEWS Experience Andrews University\u27s Community Adult Education, Gloria Oh Joyful Resilience: An Art Experience at AU, Solana Campbell Students Share Their African Heritage at Short Course, Andrew Francis IDEAS The Future of Self-Care, Katie Davis The Straw that Breaks the Camel\u27s Back? Beyoncé and the 2023 Grammys, Alexander J. Hess Death Toll Passes 41,000: Turkey and Syria Earthquakes, Abby Shim PULSE A Conversation with an NBA Physician, Reagan McCain Nick Bishop and Honduras, Interviewed by Abraham Bravo LAST WORD Intelligence, Artificial and Otherwise: A Reflection on Extended Cognition, ChatGPT, and Neurodivergence, Lily Burkehttps://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/sm-107/1015/thumbnail.jp

The Student Movement Volume 107 Issue 2: We Prayed, We Changed, We Glowed: Week Three at Andrews University

HUMANS Change Day Interview: Jessica Bowen, Interviewed by: Gloria Oh Interview with Brandon Alvarez, Interviewed by: Grace No Meet Andrew Rappette, AUSA Executive Vice President, Interviewed by: Lauren Kim ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT Change Day: Art as a Service, Skyler Campbell Currently..., Solana Campbell Disney\u27s D23 Expo Concludes, Andrew Francis In the Rick of Time: Season 6 Launces Off My 2022 School Year, Grace No NEWS Almost Anything Goes, Glow Edition, Yoel Kim & Editors Lead Levels in Benton Harbor, Abigail Kim Students React to Queen Elizabeth\u27s Passing, Andrew Francis IDEAS iOS 16 and the new iPhone: Bop or Flop?, Rachel Ingram-Clay Meghan Markle and the British Media, Terika Williams The Little Mermaid and the Importance of Representation, Genevieve Prouty PULSE Change Day 2022, Elizabeth Dovich Clubs & Organizations Ice Cream Fair, Charisse Lapuebla Scientists Engaging Beyond Classroom & Lab, Desmond Hartwell Murray Divine Direction: Week of Prayer at Andrews University, Melissa Moore LAST WORD Thoughts at 30,000 Feet, Alannah Tjhatrahttps://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/sm-107/1001/thumbnail.jp

Latent influence networks in global environmental politics

International environmental treaties are the key means by which states overcome collective action problems and make specific commitments to address environmental issues. However, systematically assessing states’ influence in promoting global environmental protection has proven difficult. Analyzing newly compiled data with a purpose-built statistical model, we provide a novel measurement of state influence within the scope of environmental politics and find strong influences among states and treaties. Specifically, we report evidence that states are less likely to ratify when states within their region ratify, and results suggesting that countries positively influence other countries at similar levels of economic development. By examining several prominent treaties, we illustrate the complex nature of influence: a single act of ratification can dramatically reshape global environmental politics. More generally, our findings and approach provide an innovative means to understand the evolution and complexity of international environmental protection

The Student Movement Volume 107 Issue 8: Cuffing Season, Co-Curriculars, and CTC Telehealth: The Student Movement Highlights Important Issues on Campus

HUMANS CTC Prevention Coordinator/Staff Counselor Interview: Nycole Goldberg, Interviewed by: Lauren Kim Meet Ellie Dovich: Cast/Cardinal Lead Editor, Interviewed by: Nora Martin Women in Stem: A Peek into Physics, Interviewed by: Caryn Cruz ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT Creatives on Campus: Art via Insta, Ceiry Flores Currently..., Solana Campbell Spotlight: The Parent Trap, Skyler Campbell NEWS AUSA Senate News Update, November 2022, Neesa Richards, AUSA Senate Public Relations Officer Governor Whitmer Takes A Stop In Benton Harbor, Nicholas C. Gunn Home Season Opener, Solana Campbell Hopes and Plans Behind the Seminary Center of Community Change, Interviewed by: Gloria Oh The Days Speak on Veterans Day, Andrew Francis IDEAS T Spills the Tea on Co-Curriculars, T Bruggemann To Bee or not to Bee: The Importance, Causes, and Impact of Bee Disappearance, Alexander Navarro Ye Being an Issue Once Again!, Jonathon Woolford-Hunt PULSE A Dive into Lamson Hall Maintenance, Scott Moncrieff Condemned: Horror Stories from Lamson Hall, Joseph Keough Marriage From Our Point of View, Gloria Oh Reflections on the Soccer Season, Brendan Syto LAST WORD Reflection on Writing Poetry, Alannah Tjhatrahttps://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/sm-107/1007/thumbnail.jp

Exercise to preserve β-cell function in recent-onset Type 1 diabetes mellitus (EXTOD) - a randomized controlled pilot trial

AIM: Residual β-cell function is present at the time of diagnosis with Type 1 diabetes. Preserving this β-cell function reduces complications. We hypothesized that exercise preserves β-cell function in Type 1 diabetes and undertook a pilot trial to address the key uncertainties in designing a definitive trial to test this hypothesis. METHODS: A randomized controlled pilot trial in adults aged 16-60 years diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes within the previous 3 months was undertaken. Participants were assigned to control (usual care) or intervention (exercise consultation every month), in a 1 : 1 ratio for 12 months. The primary outcomes were recruitment rate, drop out, exercise adherence [weeks with ≥ 150 min of self-reported moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA)], and exercise uptake in the control group. The secondary outcomes were differences in insulin sensitivity and rate of loss of β-cell function between intervention and control at 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: Of 507 individuals who were approached, 58 (28 control, 30 intervention) entered the study and 41 completed it. Participants were largely white European males, BMI 24.8 ± 3.8 kg/m2 , HbA1c 75 ± 25 mmol/mol (9 ± 2%). Mean level of objectively measured MVPA increased in the intervention group (mean 243 to 273 min/week) and 61% of intervention participants reached the target of ≥ 150 min/week of self-reported MVPA on at least 42 weeks of the year. Physical activity levels fell slightly in the control group (mean 277 to 235 min of MVPA/week). There was exploratory evidence that intervention group became more insulin sensitive and required less insulin. However, the rate of loss of β-cell function appeared similar between the groups, although the change in insulin sensitivity may have affected this. CONCLUSION: We show that it is possible to recruit and randomize people with newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetes to a trial of an exercise intervention, and increase and maintain their exercise levels for 12 months. Future trials need to incorporate measures of greater adherence to exercise training targets, and include more appropriate measures of β-cell function

Impact of Diabetes Susceptibility Loci on Progression From Pre-Diabetes to Diabetes in At-Risk Individuals of the Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 (DPT-1)

OBJECTIVE—The unfolding of type 1 diabetes involves a number of steps: defective immunological tolerance, priming of anti-islet autoimmunity, and destruction of insulin-producing β-cells. A number of genetic loci contribute to susceptibility to type 1 diabetes, but it is unclear which stages of the disease are influenced by the different loci. Here, we analyzed the frequency of type 1 diabetes–risk alleles among individuals from the Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 (DPT-1) clinical trial, which tested a preventive effect of insulin in at-risk relatives of diabetic individuals, all of which presented with autoimmune manifestations but only one-third of which eventually progressed to diabetes