Früh- und Spätergebnisse nach Anlage einer Perkutanen Endoskopischen Gastrostomie (PEG) am Universitätsklinikum Jena im Jahre 2004

In dieser retrospektiven Studie wurden Erfolgsraten, Ergebnisse sowie Einflussfaktoren für das Auftreten von Früh- und Spätkomplikationen, sowie Mortalität nach Anlage einer perkutanen endoskopischen Gastrostomie (PEG) untersucht. 183 Patienten (93 Männer, 86 Frauen, vier Kinder) mit einem Altersmedian von 71 Jahren (Range: 23-96) wurden betrachtet. Die Indikation zur PEG erfolgte bei 66% Patienten wegen neurologischer Erkrankungen, bei 23% wegen Kopf-Hals-Tumoren, bei 1% wegen Ösophagustumoren, bei 2% wegen Gehirntumoren, bei 3% wegen Schädel-Hirn-Trauma und bei 5% wegen Dysphagie anderer Genese. Die PEG-Anlage wurde in 100% erfolgreich durchgeführt. Bei 15% Patienten kam es bei der Anlage zu einer leichten Stichkanalblutung, die statistisch mit der Anwendung von Blutgerinnung beeinflussenden Medikamenten im Zusammenhang stand (P=0,013). Bei 4% Patienten traten initial Probleme bei der Punktion auf. In keinem dieser Fälle war eine chirurgische Intervention erforderlich. Es gab 3,9% schwere und 12,3% leichte Komplikationen. Die leichten und schweren Wundinfektionen kamen in jeweils 3,9% vor. Bei einer lokalen Peritonitis war eine operative Revision erforderlich. Die Patienten ohne einer Antibiotikaprophylaxe zeigten eine erhöhte Infektionsrate (P=0,083). Die als prognostisch relevant geltende Faktoren (Anzahl der Ärzte bei der Anlage, Voroperationen im Oberbauch, ventrikuloperitonealer Shunt, Alter, Diabetes mellitus, Serumalbuminspiegel, maligne Grunderkrankung, BMI) zeigten keinen statistisch signifikanten Einfluss auf das Auftreten der Wundinfektionen. Die 30-, 60- und 90-Tage-Mortalität betrugen jeweils 17%, 23,5% und 27%. Keiner der Todesfälle stand im Bezug zu der PEG. Die über 70-jährigen Patienten zeigten zu allen untersuchten Zeitpunkten eine höhere Letalität (P=0,027, P=0,021, P=0,012). Tendenziell wurde eine Erhöhung der Mortalität bei Frauen, bei Patienten mit einer benignen Grunderkrankung und einem pathologischen BMI beobachtet. Die PEG erwies sich als eine zuverlässige Methode einer langfristigen enteralen Ernährung. Es wird eine präinterventionelle Antibiotikaprophylaxe empfohlen. Die Indikation zur PEG soll frühzeitig erfolgen, um eine Malnutrition zu vermeiden, aber aufgrund der hohen 30-Tage-Sterblichkeit streng gestellt werden

Improving Yield and Quality-Related Physiological Characteristics of Lettuce by Integrated Inorganic and Organic Fertilizers Management

The research aims to obtain more information on the nitrogen metabolism and nutraceutical properties of two types Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa L. type Batavia cv. \u27Maritima\u27 and type Lollo Rosso cv. \u27Tuska\u27 and one type Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata L. cv. \u27Winter butterhead\u27 under the implementation of different organic fertilizers. In this respect, the main goal of our study is to define a proper macro- and micronutrients source which has the most beneficial effect on yield as well as on various quality parameters of lettuce. The experiment was conducted in an unheated greenhouse in two consecutive seasons (2018/2019 and 2019/2020) under all the requirements for organic production. Four organic fertilizers (Italpollina”, “Arcobaleno”, “Lumbrical” and “EKOprop” were studied. From obtained results, it could be concluded that the impact of fertilizers on lettuce growth and quality has possessed cultivar dependence. The fertilizing with natural fertilizers, so that the nutrients they possess are strictly comprised of animal-based materials (dry bird manure “Italpolina”, mix from bovine, horse and chicken manure “Arkobaleno”) or compost (lumbricompost made by Red Californian worms “Lumbrical”) of the three lettuce cultivars resulted in lower plant FW and yield, compared with NPK fertilizing. Only fertilizing with a mix of different beneficial microorganisms leads to the same plant FW and yield as fertilizing with inorganic fertilizer. Based on the higher plant FW and yield of all three lettuce cultivars the treatment with the fertilizer composed with beneficial microorganisms can be substituted with the treatment with inorganic NPC fertilizer. “EKOprop” fertilizing showed the lowest leaf nitrate concentration which correlated with higher activity of nitrogen assimilating enzyme nitrate reductase

Improving Yield and Quality-Related Physiological Characteristics of Lettuce by Integrated Inorganic and Organic Fertilizers Management

The research aims to obtain more information on the nitrogen metabolism and nutraceutical properties of two types Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa L. type Batavia cv. \u27Maritima\u27 and type Lollo Rosso cv. \u27Tuska\u27 and one type Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata L. cv. \u27Winter butterhead\u27 under the implementation of different organic fertilizers. In this respect, the main goal of our study is to define a proper macro- and micronutrients source which has the most beneficial effect on yield as well as on various quality parameters of lettuce. The experiment was conducted in an unheated greenhouse in two consecutive seasons (2018/2019 and 2019/2020) under all the requirements for organic production. Four organic fertilizers (Italpollina”, “Arcobaleno”, “Lumbrical” and “EKOprop” were studied. From obtained results, it could be concluded that the impact of fertilizers on lettuce growth and quality has possessed cultivar dependence. The fertilizing with natural fertilizers, so that the nutrients they possess are strictly comprised of animal-based materials (dry bird manure “Italpolina”, mix from bovine, horse and chicken manure “Arkobaleno”) or compost (lumbricompost made by Red Californian worms “Lumbrical”) of the three lettuce cultivars resulted in lower plant FW and yield, compared with NPK fertilizing. Only fertilizing with a mix of different beneficial microorganisms leads to the same plant FW and yield as fertilizing with inorganic fertilizer. Based on the higher plant FW and yield of all three lettuce cultivars the treatment with the fertilizer composed with beneficial microorganisms can be substituted with the treatment with inorganic NPC fertilizer. “EKOprop” fertilizing showed the lowest leaf nitrate concentration which correlated with higher activity of nitrogen assimilating enzyme nitrate reductase

Influence of the role and status of a preschool child on the keeping a positive microclimate inside the family

The article deals with the problem of the influence of the role and status of a child on the keeping a positive microclimate inside the family and positive relationships between parents and children. Preschool age is like no other characterized by the strongest dependence on adults, and this stage of personality development is mainly determined by the child’s relationships with adults. Even adults themselves sometimes do not understand how their personal qualities become the property of children, in what way, according to the specifics of childhood, they are interpreted, and what significance they acquire for the child. In connection with the special educational role of the family, the issue of how to maximize the positive interaction between family members, minimizing the negative impact of adult family members on children, is of particular importance. The article is devoted to this issue. The aim of the study is to identify the influence of the role status of a preschool child on maintaining a positive microclimate in the family. The methodology of our study was based on the application of a set of theoretical and practical methods. As a result of the study, we concluded that parents, in order to maintain a positive microclimate in the family, must take into account the following features of a preschool child: a) a child can arbitrarily control its behavior, as well as processes of attention and remembering, emotional reactions; b) in any type of activity, a child can go beyond the immediate situation, realize the time perspective, at the same time keep in consciousness a chain of interrelated events or different states of a substance or a process; c) the leading value in the psychological development of a preschool child is imagination. In order to maintain a positive microclimate in the family, it is necessary to accept the child as he is, with all his personality characteristics. The main role of the child in such a family is the role of her beloved member

The global spread of misinformation on spiders

In the internet era, the digital architecture that keeps us connected and informed may also amplify the spread of misinformation. This problem is gaining global attention, as evidence accumulates that misinformation may interfere with democratic processes and undermine collective responses to environmental and health crises1,2. In an increasingly polluted information ecosystem, understanding the factors underlying the generation and spread of misinformation is becoming a pressing scientific and societal challenge3. Here, we studied the global spread of (mis-)information on spiders using a high-resolution global database of online newspaper articles on spider–human interactions, covering stories of spider–human encounters and biting events published from 2010–20204. We found that 47% of articles contained errors and 43% were sensationalist. Moreover, we show that the flow of spider-related news occurs within a highly interconnected global network and provide evidence that sensationalism is a key factor underlying the spread of misinformation

Thermal and Optical Characterization of Undoped and Neodymium-Doped Y3ScAl4O12 Ceramics

Y3–3xNd3xSc1Al4O12 (x = 0, 0.01, and 0.02) ceramics were fabricated by sintering at high temperature under vacuum. Unit cell parameter refinement and chemical analysis have been performed. The morphological characterization shows micrograins with no visible defects. The thermal analysis of these ceramics is presented, by measuring the specific heat in the temperature range from 300 to 500 K. Their values at room temperature are in the range 0.81–0.90 J g1–K–1. The thermal conductivity has been determined by two methods: by the experimental measurement of the thermal diffusivity by the photopyroelectric method, and by spectroscopy, evaluating the thermal load. The thermal conductivities are in the range 9.7–6.5 W K–1 m–1 in the temperature interval from 300 to 500 K. The thermooptic coefficients were measured at 632 nm by the dark mode method using a prism coupler, and the obtained values are in the range 12.8–13.3 × 10–6 K–1. The nonlinear refractive index values at 795 nm have been evaluated to calibrate the nonlinear optical response of these materials.This work is supported by the Spanish Government under projects MAT2011-29255-C02-01-02, MAT2013-47395-C4-4-R, and the Catalan Government under project 2014SGR1358. It was also funded by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme, project Cleanspace, FP7-SPACE-2010-1-GA No. 263044

The global spread of misinformation on spiders

Non peer reviewe

An expert-curated global database of online newspaper articles on spiders and spider bites

Mass media plays an important role in the construction and circulation of risk perception associated with animals. Widely feared groups such as spiders frequently end up in the spotlight of traditional and social media. We compiled an expert-curated global database on the online newspaper coverage of human-spider encounters over the past ten years (2010-2020). This database includes information about the location of each human-spider encounter reported in the news article and a quantitative characterisation of the content-location, presence of photographs of spiders and bites, number and type of errors, consultation of experts, and a subjective assessment of sensationalism. In total, we collected 5348 unique news articles from 81 countries in 40 languages. The database refers to 211 identified and unidentified spider species and 2644 unique human-spider encounters (1121 bites and 147 as deadly bites). To facilitate data reuse, we explain the main caveats that need to be made when analysing this database and discuss research ideas and questions that can be explored with it.Peer reviewe

Molecular Tools for Monitoring the Ecological Sustainability of a Stone Bio-Consolidation Treatment at the Royal Chapel, Granada

Background: Biomineralization processes have recently been applied in situ to protect and consolidate decayed ornamental stone of the Royal Chapel in Granada (Spain). While this promising method has demonstrated its efficacy regarding strengthening of the stone, little is known about its ecological sustainability.Methodology/Principal Findings: Here, we report molecular monitoring of the stone-autochthonous microbiota before and at 5, 12 and 30 months after the bio-consolidation treatment (medium/long-term monitoring), employing the well-known molecular strategy of DGGE analyses. Before the bio-consolidation treatment, the bacterial diversity showed the exclusive dominance of Actinobacteria (100%), which decreased in the community (44.2%) after 5 months, and Gamma-proteobacteria (30.24%) and Chloroflexi (25.56%) appeared. After 12 months, Gamma-proteobacteria vanished from the community and Cyanobacteria (22.1%) appeared and remained dominant after thirty months, when the microbiota consisted of Actinobacteria (42.2%) and Cyanobacteria (57.8%) only. Fungal diversity showed that the Ascomycota phylum was dominant before treatment (100%), while, after five months, Basidiomycota (6.38%) appeared on the stone, and vanished again after twelve months. Thirty months after the treatment, the fungal population started to stabilize and Ascomycota dominated on the stone (83.33%) once again. Members of green algae (Chlorophyta, Viridiplantae) appeared on the stone at 5, 12 and 30 months after the treatment and accounted for 4.25%, 84.77% and 16.77%, respectively.Conclusions: The results clearly show that, although a temporary shift in the bacterial and fungal diversity was observed during the first five months, most probably promoted by the application of the bio-consolidation treatment, the microbiota tends to regain its initial stability in a few months. Thus, the treatment does not seem to have any negative side effects on the stone-autochthonous microbiota over that time. The molecular strategy employed here is suggested as an efficient monitoring tool to assess the impact on the stone-autochthonous microbiota of the application of biomineralization processes as a restoration/conservation procedure.This work was supported by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), Junta de Andalucía (Spain) and the “Fortalecimiento de la I+D+i” program from the University of Granada, co-financed by grant RNM-3493 and Research Group BIO-103 from Junta de Andalucía, as well as by the Spanish Government through “José Castillejo” program from the “Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte” (I+D+i 2008-2011), and by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) under Grant “Elise-Richter V194-B20”

An expert-curated global database of online newspaper articles on spiders and spider bites

Mass media plays an important role in the construction and circulation of risk perception associated with animals. Widely feared groups such as spiders frequently end up in the spotlight of traditional and social media. We compiled an expert-curated global database on the online newspaper coverage of human-spider encounters over the past ten years (2010–2020). This database includes information about the location of each human-spider encounter reported in the news article and a quantitative characterisation of the content—location, presence of photographs of spiders and bites, number and type of errors, consultation of experts, and a subjective assessment of sensationalism. In total, we collected 5348 unique news articles from 81 countries in 40 languages. The database refers to 211 identified and unidentified spider species and 2644 unique human-spider encounters (1121 bites and 147 as deadly bites). To facilitate data reuse, we explain the main caveats that need to be made when analysing this database and discuss research ideas and questions that can be explored with it. </p