El lenguaje como problema en la investigación socio-educativa

El problema del lenguaje es uno de los temas fundamentales de la reflexión filosófica contemporánea y de la praxis de la investigación socioeducativa, puesto que el lenguaje constituye el medio expedito para comunicar el saber gestado desde los procesos investigativos. Ahora bien, la investigación científica educativa ha estado minada por un lenguaje de carácter racionalista, lógico – instrumental, objetivista y fragmentario propio del paradigma positivista dominante. Las experiencias de los investigadores educativos universitarios revelan que el código lingüístico positivista socava los procesos de producción del conocimiento imposibilitando una comprensión real, encarnada y vivencial de realidades signadas por procesos genuinamente humanos. El propósito del presente artículo es describir los significados del lenguaje como problema filosófico dentro la investigación socioeducativa, a partir de experiencias sustantivas de pensadores e investigadores educativos universitarios, en el contexto de la nueva narratividad científica postmoderna que se encuentra en etapa de crisálida. En razón de la profunda naturaleza subjetiva de la investigación emergió del enfoque cualitativo el método de la sistematización de experiencias (Barrera, 2010), el cual, gracias a su cercanía con las bondades epistemológicas de la fenomenología y la hermenéutica favorece el acceso al conocimiento de las experiencias de los pensadores e investigadores educativos, para luego describirlas y pasar a su sistematización. La investigación concluye en la necesidad de superar los códigos lingüísticos-epistemológicos propios del positivismo para dar paso hacia un nuevo lenguaje científico, profundamente humano basado en la experiencia y la comprensión de lo vivido, desde un carácter conciencial, fundamentado en la subjetividad, la relacionalidad, la cotidianidad y los saberes propios que emergen de los mundos de vida, enmarcados y entramados por un sentido de totalidad. // The problem of language is one of the fundamental themes of contemporary philosophical reflection and the practice of socio- educational research, since language is the expeditious means for communicating knowledge gestated from the investigative processes. However, educational scientific research has been undermined by a rationalist language character, logical - instrumental, objectivist and fragmentary own the dominant positivist paradigm. The experiences of university educational researchers reveal that the positivist linguistic code undermines the processes of knowledge production impossible real, embodied and experiential understanding of realities marked by genuine human processes. The purpose of this article is to describe the meanings of language as a problem within the socio-educational research from substantive educational experiences of thinkers and researchers, in the context of a new scientific narrative that is at the stage of chrysalis. Because of the deep subjective nature of the investigation emerged from the qualitative approach the method of systematization of experiences (Barrera, 2010), which, thanks to its proximity to the epistemological benefits of phenomenology and hermeneutics promotes access to knowledge experiences educational thinkers and researchers, then move on to describe and systematic. The investigation concluded on the need to overcome the linguistic codes-epistemological positivism to give way to a new, deeply human scientific language, based on experience and understanding of lived experience, from a consciential character, based on subjectivity, relationality and the everyday worlds of life, surrounded by a sense of wholeness

El lenguaje como problema en la investigación socio –educativa / The language as a problem in socio-educational research

El problema del lenguaje es uno de los temas fundamentales de la reflexión filosófica contemporánea. El propósito de la disertación es describir los significados del lenguaje como problema dentro la investigación socioeducativa, a partir de experiencias sustantivas de pensadores e investigadores educativos, en el contexto de una nueva narratividad científica que se encuentra en etapa de crisálida. El método utilizado fue la sistematización de experiencias (Barrera, 2010). La investigación concluye en la necesidad de superar los códigos lingüísticos – epistemológicos propios del positivismo para dar paso hacia un nuevo lenguaje científico, profundamente humano, basado en la experiencia y la comprensión de lo vivido, desde un carácter conciencial, fundamentado en la subjetividad, la relacionalidad y la cotidianidad de los mundos de vida, enmarcados en un sentido de totalidad.

Lecto-escritura del español como segunda lengua en la educación de niños sordos

The present work analyzes the problem in which deaf people are immersed in an oral and literate environment, which is insignificant and often inaccessible due to their visuo-gestural condition. The learning of reading and writing in deaf children has motivated a series of questions associated with the difficulties of comprehension and written expression, the relationship it has with their own sensory limitations and the use of different methods of teaching literacy. The objective of the research is to determine the factors associated with the processes of literacy of Spanish as a second language, in deaf students of Elementary Basic Education. For the execution of this study, an interpretative methodology was used, whose scenario corresponds to a specialized educational unit for deaf children and adolescents. As for the population and sample, it was composed of the students of second, third and fourth grade of Basic General Education and their respective teachers. Among the results, a limited achievement in the acquisition of the management of linguistic skills linked to reading and writing in the Spanish language was evidenced; in addition to lack of motivation for their learning and the use of poorly contextualized strategies for the teaching of a second language. The study concludes with the need for teacher training aimed at employing meaningful techniques and global methods for teaching literacy.El presente trabajo analiza la problemática en la que se encuentran inmersas personas sordas en un ambiente oral y letrado, el cual, es poco significativo y muchas veces inaccesible por su condición viso-gestual. El aprendizaje de la lectura y la escritura en niños sordos ha motivado una serie de interrogantes asociadas a las dificultades de comprensión y expresión escrita, la relación que guarda con sus propias limitaciones sensoriales y al uso de distintos métodos de enseñanza de la lectoescritura. El objetivo de la investigación, es determinar los factores asociados a los procesos de lectoescritura del español como segunda lengua, en estudiantes sordos de Educación Básica Elemental. Para la ejecución de este estudio se empleó una metodología interpretativa, cuyo escenario corresponde a una unidad educativa especializada para niños y adolescentes sordos. En cuanto a la población y muestra, estuvo compuesta por los estudiantes de segundo, tercer y cuarto grado de Educación General Básica y sus respectivos maestros. Entre los resultados se evidenció un logro limitado en la adquisición del manejo de habilidades lingüísticas ligadas a la lectura y la escritura en el idioma español; además, de falta de motivación por su aprendizaje y el uso de estrategias poco contextualizadas para la enseñanza de una segunda lengua. El estudio concluye con la necesidad de una capacitación docente encaminada a emplear técnicas significativas y métodos globales para la enseñanza de la lectoescritura

The lp13.3 genomic region -rs599839- is associated with endothelial dysfunction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and high risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease. Since genome-wide association studies demonstrated association between rs599839 polymorphism and coronary artery disease, in the present study we assessed the potential association of this polymorphism with endothelial dysfunction, an early step in atherogenesis. Methods: A total of 128 RA patients without history of CV events were genotyped for rs599839 A/G polymorphism. The presence of endothelial dysfunction was assessed by brachial ultrasonography (brachial flow-mediated endothelium-dependent (FMD)). Results: Patients carrying the allele G exhibited more severe endothelial dysfunction (FMD%: 4.61 ± 3.94%) than those carrying the wild allele A (FMD%: 6.01 ± 5.15%) (P = 0.08). Adjustment for gender, age at the time of study, follow-up time and classic CV risk factors disclosed a significant association between the rs599839 polymorphism and FMD (G vs. A: P = 0.0062). Conclusions: Our results confirm an association of the rs599839 polymorphism with endothelial dysfunction in RA

Efectos genéticos aditivos y no aditivos para características reproductivas en dialelo Holstein-Suizo Pardo en clima subtropical húmedo

Crossbreeding allows taking advantage of additive genetic differences between breeds, they also allow making use of heterosis and complementarity. Therefore, it is necessary to generate information on the efficacy of crosses compared to pure breeds under the conditions of interest. The objective was to quantify the impact of additive and non-additive genetic effects for days to first estrus (DFE), days to first service (DFS), days open (DO), services per conception (SPC), calving interval (CI) and gestation length (GL). The productive and genealogical information of females from a diallel between Holstein (HO) and Brown Swiss (BS), a total of 148 cows of the breeds HO (n=43), BS (n=64) and their reciprocal crosses HO-BS (n=20) and BS-HO (n=21), was used. Contrasts were used to estimate individual heterosis and differences between direct genetic effects and between maternal genetic effects based on Dickerson models. The results showed that heterosis and differences between maternal effects were not significant (P>0.05) for any of the traits studied. Differences between direct genetic effects were only important (P0.05) para ninguna de las características estudiadas. Las diferencias entre efectos genéticos directos solo fueron importantes (P<0.05) para SPC y DG. En conclusión, la heterosis generada por el cruzamiento entre HO y SP no influyó sobre la eficiencia reproductiva de las hembras. Los efectos maternos no fueron diferentes entre HO y SP. Los efectos genéticos directos para SPC y DG favorecieron a la raza SP

Lack of association between TLR4 rs4986790 polymorphism and risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

This is copy of an article published in the DNA and cell biology 2012 © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.; DNA and cell bilogy is available online at: http://online.liebertpub.comRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) mortality. Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) activates the innate immune response via NF-kB pathway and mitogenactivated protein kinase signaling, leading to expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The G allele of TLR4 rs4986790 (+ 896A > G, Asp299Gly) gene polymorphism has been implicated in reduction of risk of atherosclerosis. In this study, 1481 RA patients fulfilling the 1987 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria were genotyped for the rs4986790 TLR4 variant to determine the influence of this variant in the risk of CV events in these patients. Also, HLA-DRB1 status was determined using molecular based methods. Moreover, potential influence of rs4986790 variant in the development of subclinical atherosclerosis was assessed in a subgroup of RA patients with no history of CV events by the measurement of surrogate markers of subclinical atherosclerosis. No statistically significant differences in allele or genotype frequencies for the rs4986790 variant between RA patients who experienced CV events or not were found. Likewise, no significant association between this gene variant and any of the surrogate markers of subclinical atherosclerosis was found. In summary, results in our study do not support the hypothesis that the rs4986790 (+ 896A > G, Asp299Gly) TLR4 variant may influence predisposition for subclinical atherosclerosis and clinically evident CV disease in RA patientsThis study was supported by two grants from Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias PI06-0024 and PS09/00748 (Spain). This work was partially supported by RETICS Program, RD08/0075 (RIER) from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), within the VI PN de I +D+ i 2008–2011 (FEDER). M.G.B. is supported by a grant from Fundación Española de Reumatología (FER). R.L.M. is supported by a grant by IFIMAV, Santander (Spain)

Intensificación en el desarrollo de competencias en asignaturas de Tratamiento de Aguas a través del análisis de diagramas de flujo de instalaciones mediante el empleo de técnicas de gamificación y estrategias de trabajo colaborativo

El objetivo principal del presente proyecto de innovación docente es el de subsanar una problemática detectada en los últimos años en las asignaturas de Tratamiento y Tecnología de Aguas del Grado en Ciencias Ambientales, Ingeniería Sanitaria en la Construcción Civil (Especialidad Construcciones Civiles) del Grado en Ingeniería Civil, y Tecnologías para el Tratamiento de Aguas del Grado en Ingeniería Química. Los estudiantes de las asignaturas indicadas anteriormente presentan serias dificultades para implementar, interpretar y analizar diagramas de flujo de instalaciones de tratamiento de aguas, ya sean de potabilización, desalación, depuración y/o reutilización. Este aspecto es uno de los de mayor relevancia dentro del temario de dichas asignaturas y se traduce en tasas de rendimiento y de éxito relativamente bajas. La aplicación de la innovación docente desarrollada en el presente proyecto pretende solventar esta deficiencia de los estudiantes en estas asignaturas de tratamiento de aguas mediante estrategias de trabajo colaborativo e introduciendo la evaluación por pares. Asimismo, esta metodología permitirá potenciar el desarrollo de diferentes competencias de las asignaturas en cuestión

CARD8 rs2043211 (p.C10X) polymorphism is not associated with disease susceptibility or cardiovascular events in spanish rheumatoid arthritis patients

This is a copy of an article published in the DNA Cell Biology (01-01-2013) copyright Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. DNA Cell Biology is avalaible online at: http://online.liebertpub.comRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex polygenic inflammatory disease associated with accelerated atherosclerosis, which is the main cause of increased cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality in RA patients. CARD8 is a constituent of inflammasome, which regulates interleukin 1-beta production, and has been associated with a worse disease course in early RA. One thousand six hundred twenty-one patients fulfilling the 1987 ACR classification criteria for RA and 1300 matched controls, were genotyped for the CARD8 rs2043211 (30T > A, p.C10X) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) using predesigned TaqMan SNP genotyping assay. The genotyping success rate in our study was greater than 94%. We assessed CARD8 rs2043211 gene polymorphism results in 1530 Spanish RA patients in whom information on CV disease and CV risk factors was available at the time of the study. Also, a subgroup of patients with no history of CV events (n = 276) was assessed for the potential influence of the rs2043211 variant in the development of subclinical atherosclerosis, by measurement of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and presence of carotid plaques. No statistically significant differences in allele or genotype frequencies for the rs2043211 CARD8 gene variant between patients with RA and controls were seen. Similarly, CARD8 rs2043211 (30T > A, p.C10X) SNP did not influence the development of CV events or the risk of CV events throughout the time. Likewise, no significant association between this gene variant and carotid IMT or the presence of plaques was found. In summary, our results do not support a role of the CARD8 rs2043211 gene variant in susceptibility to RA or in the development of CV disease in patients with RAThis work was supported by grants from Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias PI06-0024 and PS09/00748 (Spain), and by RETICS Program, RD08/0075 (RIER) from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), within the VI PN de I +D+ i 2008–2011 (FEDER). M.G.B. is a beneficiary of a grant from Fundación Española de Reumatología (FER)

Analysis of the Interferon Gamma (rs2430561, +874T/A) Functional Gene Variant in Relation to the Presence of Cardiovascular Events in Rheumatoid Arthritis

OBJECTIVE: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. Since interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) has a direct effect on inflammation, in this study we assessed the potential association of the IFNG functional gene variant rs2430561 with CV disease in patients with RA. METHODS: One thousand six hundred and thirty-five patients fulfilling the 1987 American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for RA were genotyped for the IFNG (rs2430561, +874T/A) gene polymorphism using TaqMan genotyping assay. Patients were stratified according to the presence of CV events or not. Logistic regression models to explain the presence of CV disease according to the IFNG rs2430561 allele distribution were performed. The potential influence of this variant in the development of subclinical atherosclerosis was also analyzed in a subgroup of patients with no history of CV events to determine carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) (n = 286) and presence of carotid plaques. Levels of the cytokine were determined in a subgroup of patients by ELISA. RESULTS: Adjusted logistic regression model disclosed that presence of the minor allele A was not associated with increased risk of suffering CV events in RA patients. Besides, differences did not achieve statistical significance regarding carotid IMT and presence of carotid plaques in RA patients carrying IFNG rs2430561 variant allele. Levels of IFN-γ were higher in patients who had suffered CV events compared to patients who did not. CONCLUSION: Our results do not support a role of IFNG rs2430561 (+874T/A) functional gene variant in the development of CV disease in RA patients