6,902 research outputs found
Drug-induced endocrine blood pressure elevation
Patients with uncontrolled hypertension are at risk for cardiovascular complications. The majority of them suffers from unidentified forms of hypertension and a fraction has so-called secondary hypertension with an identifiable cause. The patient's medications, its use of certain herbal supplements and over-the-counter agents represent potential causal factors for secondary hypertension that are often overlooked. The current review focuses on drugs that are likely to elevate blood pressure by affecting the human endocrine system at the level of steroid synthesis or metabolism, mineralocorticoid receptor activity, or by affecting the catecholaminergic system. Drugs with known adverse effects but where benefits outweigh their risks, drug candidates and market withdrawals are reviewed. Finally, potential therapeutic strategies are discussed
Posaconazole-Induced Hypertension Due to Inhibition of 11β-Hydroxylase and 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 2
We describe two cases of hypertension and hypokalemia due to mineralocorticoid excess caused by posaconazole treatment of coccidioidomycosis and rhinocerebral mucormycosis infections, respectively. Clinical laboratory evaluations, including a comprehensive analysis of blood and urine steroid profiles, revealed low renin and aldosterone and indicated as the underlying mechanism primarily a block of 11β-hydroxylase activity in patient 1, whereas patient 2 displayed weaker 11β-hydroxylase but more pronounced 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 inhibition. The results show that both previously suggested mechanisms must be considered and emphasize significant interindividual differences in the contribution of each enzyme to the observed mineralocorticoid excess phenotype. The mineralocorticoid symptoms of patient 1 resolved after replacement of posaconazole therapy by isavoconazole, and posaconazole dosage de-escalation ameliorated the effects in patient 2. By providing a thorough analysis of the patients' blood and urine steroid metabolites, this report adds further evidence for two individually pronounced mechanisms of posaconazole-induced hypertension and hypokalemia. The elucidation of the factors responsible for the individual phenotype warrants further research
SKA Deep Polarization and Cosmic Magnetism
Deep surveys with the SKA1-MID array offer for the first time the opportunity
to systematically explore the polarization properties of the microJy source
population. Our knowledge of the polarized sky approaching these levels is
still very limited. In total intensity the population will be dominated by
star-forming and normal galaxies to intermediate redshifts (), and
low-luminosity AGN to high redshift. The polarized emission from these objects
is a powerful probe of their intrinsic magnetic fields and of their magnetic
environments. For redshift of order 1 and above the broad bandwidth of the
mid-bands span the Faraday thick and thin regimes allowing study of the
intrinsic polarization properties of these objects as well as depolarization
from embedded and foreground plasmas. The deep field polarization images will
provide Rotation Measures data with very high solid angle density allowing a
sensitive statistical analysis of the angular variation of RM on critical
arc-minute scales from a magnetic component of Large Scale Structure of the
Universe.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures; to appear as part of 'Cosmic Magnetism' in
Proceedings 'Advancing Astrophysics with the SKA (AASKA14)', PoS(AASKA14)11
Probing Cool and Warm Infrared Galaxies using Photometric and Structural Measures
We have analyzed a sample of nearby cool and warm infrared (IR) galaxies
using photometric and structural parameters. The set of measures include
far-infrared color (), total IR
luminosity (), radio surface brightness as well as radio,
near-infrared, and optical sizes. In a given luminosity range cool and warm
galaxies are considered as those sources that are found approximately below and above the mean color in the far-infrared
diagram. We find that galaxy radio surface brightness is well correlated with
color whereas size is less well correlated with color. Our analysis indicates
that IR galaxies that are dominated by cool dust are large, massive spirals
that are not strongly interacting or merging and presumably the ones with the
least active star formation. Dust in these cool objects is less centrally
concentrated than in the more typical luminous and ultra-luminous IR galaxies
that are dominated by warm dust. Our study also shows that low luminosity early
type unbarred and transitional spirals are responsible for the large scatter in
the diagram. Among highly luminous galaxies, late type unbarred
spirals are predominately warm, and early type unbarred and barred are
systematically cooler. We highlight the significance of diagram
in terms of local and high redshifts sub-millimeter galaxies.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ, 2006, 23 pages, 3 postscript
figures, 1 table. The table can be obtained on request from the author
Calibrating the relation of low-frequency radio continuum to star formation rate at 1 kpc scale with LOFAR
9 figures, 6 tables and 17 pages. This paper is part of the LOFAR surveys data release 1 and has been accepted for publication in a special edition of A&A that will appear in Feb 2019, volume 622. The catalogues and images from the data release will be publicly available on lofar-surveys.org upon publication of the journal. Reproduced with permission from Astronomy & Astrophysics. © 2018 ESO.Radio continuum (RC) emission in galaxies allows us to measure star formation rates (SFRs) unaffected by extinction due to dust, of which the low-frequency part is uncontaminated from thermal (free-free) emission. We calibrate the conversion from the spatially resolved 140 MHz RC emission to the SFR surface density () at 1 kpc scale. We used recent observations of three galaxies (NGC 3184, 4736, and 5055) from the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS), and archival LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR) data of NGC 5194. Maps were created with the facet calibration technique and converted to radio maps using the Condon relation. We compared these maps with hybrid maps from a combination of GALEX far-ultraviolet and Spitzer 24 data using plots tracing the relation at -kpc resolution. The RC emission is smoothed with respect to the hybrid owing to the transport of cosmic-ray electrons (CREs). This results in a sublinear relation , where (140 MHz) and (1365 MHz). Both relations have a scatter of . If we restrict ourselves to areas of young CREs (; ), the relation becomes almost linear at both frequencies with and a reduced scatter of . We then simulate the effect of CRE transport by convolving the hybrid maps with a Gaussian kernel until the RC-SFR relation is linearised; CRE transport lengths are -5 kpc. Solving the CRE diffusion equation, we find diffusion coefficients of - at 1 GeV. A RC-SFR relation at GHz can be exploited to measure SFRs at redshift using MHz observations.Peer reviewe
Evidence for a breakdown of the Isobaric Multiplet Mass Equation: A study of the A=35, T=3/2 isospin quartet
Mass measurements on radionuclides along the potassium isotope chain have
been performed with the ISOLTRAP Penning trap mass spectrometer. For 35K
T1/2=178ms) to 46K (T1/2=105s) relative mass uncertainties of 2x10-8 and better
have been achieved. The accurate mass determination of 35K (dm=0.54keV) has
been exploited to test the Isobaric Multiplet Mass Equation (IMME) for the
A=35, T=3/2 isospinquartet. The experimental results indicate a deviation from
the generally adopted quadratic form.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure
Structure of the crust and African slab beneath the central Anatolian plateau from receiver functions: New insights on isostatic compensation and slab dynamics
The central Anatolian plateau in Turkey is a region with a long history of subduction, continental collision, accretion of continental fragments, and slab tearing and/or breakoff and tectonic escape. Central Anatolia is currently characterized as a nascent plateau with widespread Neogene volcanism and predominantly transtensional deformation. To elucidate the present-day crustal and upper mantle structure of this region, teleseismic receiver functions were calculated from 500 seismic events recorded on 92 temporary and permanent broadband seismic stations. Overall, we see a good correlation between crustal thickness and elevation throughout central Anatolia, indicating that the crust may be well compensated throughout the region. We observe the thickest crust beneath the Taurus Mountains (>40 km); it thins rapidly to the south in the Adana Basin and Arabian plate and to the northwest across the Inner Tauride suture beneath the Tuz Gölü Basin and Kırşehir block. Within the Central Anatolian Volcanic Province, we observe several low seismic velocity layers ranging from 15 to 25 km depth that spatially correlate with the Neogene volcanism in the region, and may represent crustal magma reservoirs. Beneath the central Taurus Mountains, we observe a positive amplitude, subhorizontal receiver function arrival below the Anatolian continental Moho at ∼50–80 km that we interpret as the gently dipping Moho of the subducting African lithosphere abruptly ending near the northernmost extent of the central Taurus Mountains. We suggest that the uplift of the central Taurus Mountains (∼2 km since 8 Ma), which are capped by flat-lying carbonates of late Miocene marine units, can be explained by an isostatic uplift during the late Miocene–Pliocene followed by slab breakoff and subsequent rebound coeval with the onset of faster uplift rates during the late Pliocene–early Pleistocene. The Moho signature of the subducting African lithosphere terminates near the southernmost extent of the Central Anatolian Volcanic Province, where geochemical signatures in the Quaternary volcanics indicate that asthenospheric material is rising to shallow mantle depths
Probing the N = 32 shell closure below the magic proton number Z = 20: Mass measurements of the exotic isotopes 52,53K
The recently confirmed neutron-shell closure at N = 32 has been investigated
for the first time below the magic proton number Z = 20 with mass measurements
of the exotic isotopes 52,53K, the latter being the shortest-lived nuclide
investigated at the online mass spectrometer ISOLTRAP. The resulting
two-neutron separation energies reveal a 3 MeV shell gap at N = 32, slightly
lower than for 52Ca, highlighting the doubly-magic nature of this nuclide.
Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Boguliubov and ab initio Gorkov-Green function calculations
are challenged by the new measurements but reproduce qualitatively the observed
shell effect.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
Penning trap mass measurements on (99-109)$Cd with ISOLTRAP and implications on the rp process
Penning trap mass measurements on neutron-deficient Cd isotopes (99-109)Cd
have been performed with the ISOLTRAP mass spectrometer at ISOLDE/CERN, all
with relative mass uncertainties below 3*10^8. A new mass evaluation has been
performed. The mass of 99Cd has been determined for the first time which
extends the region of accurately known mass values towards the doubly magic
nucleus 100Sn. The implication of the results on the reaction path of the rp
process in stellar X-ray bursts is discussed. In particular, the uncertainty of
the abundance and the overproduction created by the rp-process for the mass A =
99 is demonstrated by reducing the uncertainty of the proton-separation energy
of 100In Sp(100In) by a factor of 2.5.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figure
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