DETERMINANTES DA RENDA DO TRABALHO NO BRASIL NO PERÍODO DE 2002 A 2006.

O Brasil figura entre os países com maior nível de disparidade de renda do mundo. Fato esse que justifica a vasta literatura sobre os determinantes da renda na economia brasileira. Essa literatura aponta que, dentre os determinantes desta disparidade, além de fatores como o mercado de trabalho, através de algumas de suas características como discriminação e segmentação e os diferenciais de remuneração regional, a educação merece destaque. Diante do exposto o estudo terá como foco principal gerar equações de rendimento para o Brasil nos anos de 2002 a 2006, dedicando especial atenção à variável educação e seus impactos sobre a renda do trabalho. O modelo adotado será um híbrido dos mínimos quadrados ponderados proposto por Hoffmann e Scampini (1996) e o Minceriano, tentando captar mais adequadamente os efeitos da variável educação, como propõe Ney e Hoffmann (2004) através do efeito limiar. A base de dados são os microdados das Pnads de 2002 a 2006. Verificou-se a partir das equações de rendimento, que uma proporção significativa da dispersão salarial total dos indivíduos está relacionada às diferenças pessoais produtivas (educação e idade) e sua posição no mercado de trabalho, que apresentaram, como esperado, significância estatística e sinal de acordo com a literatura empírica. O nível educacional mostrou-se como principal fator explicativo na determinação da renda, ademais pode-se verificar o efeito limiar a partir de 10 anos de estudo, onde fica evidente o aumento da taxa de retorno da escolaridade neste nível. O trabalho demonstra que os quesitos relacionados à produtividade merecem profundo destaque nas políticas de redução de desigualdade tanto de renda quqnto a educacional. Não devem-se descartar porém as variáveis relacionadas à segmentação do mercado de trabalho e, também, as discriminatórios, uma vez que, apesar da baixa contribuição em termos de impactos sobre a renda, todas foram estatisticamente diferentes de zero. -----------------------------------------------Brazil represents among the countries with larger level of disparity of income of the world, in agreement with the Report of Human Development, 1999, of the Program of the United Nations for the Development (PNUD), for the Gini Index only South Africa and Malawi have a degree of larger inequality than of Brazil, what justifies a vast literature on the determinant of the income. The literature appears that among the determinant of this disparity, besides historical factors, the education deserves prominence, other explanatory factors would be: the influence of the market, through some of your characteristics as discrimination and segmentation and you differentiate yourselves of regional remuneration. Before the exposed the study will have as main focus to generate revenue equations to Brazil in the years from 2002 to 2006, dedicating special attention to the variable education and your impacts on the income of the work. The adopted model will be a hybrid of the considered square minima proposed by Hoffmann and Scampini (1996) and Mincer function, trying to capture the effects of the variable education more appropriately, as it proposes Ney and Hoffmann (2004) through the effect threshold. The base of data is the microdata of Pnads from 2002 to 2006. It was verified starting from the revenue equations, that a significant proportion of the individuals' dispersion salary total is related to the productive personal differences (education and age) and your position in the job market, that you/they presented, as expected, statistical significant and the sign in agreement with the empiric literature. Likewise, the educational level was shown as main explanatory factor in the determination of the income, as well as can be verified the effect threshold starting from 10 years of study, where it is evident the increase of the rate of return of the education in this level. Before every done analysis, of course the related requirements the productivity deserves deep prominence to conceive politics of inequality reduction as much of income as the educational, it should not be discarded however the variables related to the segmentation of the job market and discriminant once, in spite of the low contribution in terms of impacts on the income, all were statistic different from zero.Rendimento do Trabalho, Equações de Rendimento, Educação no Brasil, Income of the Work, Equations of Revenue, Education, Brazil, Financial Economics, Labor and Human Capital,

Desigualdade e determinantes da renda das Famílias Rurais em Minas Gerais de 1981 a 2006

In this article it is discussed the evolution of the inequality of income and the principal determinant of the revenue of the mining rural families, from 1981 to 2006. For such purpose, it is used the microdados of the National Research by Sample of Home. The results demonstrate that the transformations in the field affected the income of those families and they altered your occupational profile, tends negative impacts in the inequality and modifying the determinant of the income. Likewise, it is demonstrated that the inequality of income in the rural miner doesn't follow the same fall tendency in Brazil in the last years, indicating the need of politics that you/they assist the needs of this new one rural.revenue equations, inequality of income, new rural, Community/Rural/Urban Development,

Prevalence, antifungal susceptibility and virulence determinants of oral yeast species isolated from immunodeficient patients in Northeastern Brazil

Background and Objectives: Oral candidiasis has a common occurrence in immunocompromised patients. However, other emergent infections have become increasingly common. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, virulence determinants and the antifungal susceptibility of yeast colonizing the mucosa of immunocompromised patients in Northeastern Brazil. Methods: Samples from sixty HIV-positive patients seen at the Specialized Service / Hospital Dia - Hospital Universitário Prof. Alberto Antunes from the Federal University of Alagoas were collected from subgingival sites and seeded on CHROMagar for presumptive confirmation of Candida spp. followed by PCR and sequencing. In addition, we tested virulence determinants, phospholipase and protease and evaluated in vitro the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of antifungals amphotericin B and fluconazole. This project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Center for Higher Studies in Maceió. Results: Approximately 63% of the patients were colonized by yeasts, with C. albicans as the predominant species, while non-Candida albicans species accounted for 49% of the isolates, with C. dubliniensis and C. parapsilosis being the commonest, but C. intermedia, Bullera penniseticola and Naganishia liquefaciens were also found. The virulence determinants protease and/or phospholipase were also produced by Candida spp. and some uncommon opportunistic isolates such as Kodamaea ohmeri, N. liquefaciens and Saitozyma podzolica. Furthermore, most of Candida spp. strains and some uncommon opportunistic species showed high values of minimal inhibitory concentration. Conclusion: Results obtained indicate that C. albicans continues to be the predominant species in oral cavity of immunodeficient patients and along with other unusual species may present high resistance to the antifungals tested

Tendências e Perfil Epidemiológico das Intoxicações Exógenas no Estado do Pará: Análise de uma Década

Introduction: Exogenous intoxication is a syndrome caused by the ingestion or contact with toxic substances. It encompasses a variety of different etiologies and holds significant importance, particularly in accident situations and suicide attempts. Correct semiological technique is essential for identifying the various clinical and personal aspects involved in cases of intoxication, as well as information regarding the most affected epidemiological profile. Objective: To assess the incidence and prevalence of exogenous intoxication cases in the state of Pará from 2012 to 2021. Methodology: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional epidemiological study with a quantitative approach, retrospectively analyzing cases of exogenous intoxications in the state of Pará, based on secondary data obtained through the Notifiable Diseases Information System. Results: The study revealed an increase in the incidence of exogenous intoxications during the study period. A total of 5,849 cases were reported, with the most common profile being female gender, aged 20 to 39 years, and of mixed race/ethnicity. Medications were the most commonly used toxic agents, and suicide attempts were the most prevalent circumstances. Conclusion: The significant relevance of exogenous intoxications in suicide attempt cases is evident, necessitating preventive policies in the field. However, the large number of notifications with ignored or blank variables hampers the development of a combat strategy.Introdução: Intoxicação exógena é uma síndrome causada pela ingestão ou contato com substâncias tóxicas. Possui uma série de etiologias diferentes e relevante importância principalmente em situações de acidentes e tentativas de suicídio. A correta técnica semiológica é essencial para se identificar os variados aspectos clínicos e pessoais que envolvem situações de intoxicação, assim como informações a respeito do perfil epidemiológico mais afetado. Objetivo: avaliar a incidência e a prevalência de casos de intoxicação exógena no estado do Pará no período de 2012 a 2021. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico descritivo, transversal, com abordagem quantitativa e retrospectiva dos casos de intoxicações exógenas no Estado do Pará, com base em dados secundários obtidos por meio do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Resultados: O estudo evidenciou um aumento na incidência de intoxicações exógenas no período estudado. Foram notificados 5849 casos, sendo o perfil mais comum sexo feminino, faixa etária 20 a 39 anos, cor/raça parda, sendo os medicamentos os agentes tóxicos mias utilizados e as tentativas de suicídio as circunstâncias mais prevalentes. Conclusão: Conclui-se a grande relevância das intoxicações exógenas em casos tentativa de suicídio, tornando necessária políticas de prevenção na área. Porém, o grande número de notificações com variáveis ignoradas ou em branco, prejudicam a construção de uma estratégia de combate

Health-related quality of life in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the different geographical regions of Brazil : data from the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group

Background: In type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) management, enhancing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is as important as good metabolic control and prevention of secondary complications. This study aims to evaluate possible regional differences in HRQoL, demographic features and clinical characteristics of patients with T1DM in Brazil, a country of continental proportions, as well as investigate which variables could influence the HRQoL of these individuals and contribute to these regional disparities. Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study performed by the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group (BrazDiab1SG), by analyzing EuroQol scores from 3005 participants with T1DM, in 28 public clinics, among all geographical regions of Brazil. Data on demography, economic status, chronic complications, glycemic control and lipid profile were also collected. Results: We have found that the North-Northeast region presents a higher index in the assessment of the overall health status (EQ-VAS) compared to the Southeast (74.6 ± 30 and 70.4 ± 19, respectively; p < 0.05). In addition, North- Northeast presented a lower frequency of self-reported anxiety-depression compared to all regions of the country (North-Northeast: 1.53 ± 0.6; Southeast: 1.65 ± 0.7; South: 1.72 ± 0.7; Midwest: 1.67 ± 0.7; p < 0.05). These findings could not be entirely explained by the HbA1c levels or the other variables examined. Conclusions: Our study points to the existence of additional factors not yet evaluated that could be determinant in the HRQoL of people with T1DM and contribute to these regional disparities

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Measurement of the top quark forward-backward production asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric and chromomagnetic moments in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV

Abstract The parton-level top quark (t) forward-backward asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric (d̂ t) and chromomagnetic (μ̂ t) moments have been measured using LHC pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected in the CMS detector in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The linearized variable AFB(1) is used to approximate the asymmetry. Candidate t t ¯ events decaying to a muon or electron and jets in final states with low and high Lorentz boosts are selected and reconstructed using a fit of the kinematic distributions of the decay products to those expected for t t ¯ final states. The values found for the parameters are AFB(1)=0.048−0.087+0.095(stat)−0.029+0.020(syst),μ̂t=−0.024−0.009+0.013(stat)−0.011+0.016(syst), and a limit is placed on the magnitude of | d̂ t| &lt; 0.03 at 95% confidence level. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

MUSiC : a model-unspecific search for new physics in proton-proton collisions at root s=13TeV

Results of the Model Unspecific Search in CMS (MUSiC), using proton-proton collision data recorded at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1), are presented. The MUSiC analysis searches for anomalies that could be signatures of physics beyond the standard model. The analysis is based on the comparison of observed data with the standard model prediction, as determined from simulation, in several hundred final states and multiple kinematic distributions. Events containing at least one electron or muon are classified based on their final state topology, and an automated search algorithm surveys the observed data for deviations from the prediction. The sensitivity of the search is validated using multiple methods. No significant deviations from the predictions have been observed. For a wide range of final state topologies, agreement is found between the data and the standard model simulation. This analysis complements dedicated search analyses by significantly expanding the range of final states covered using a model independent approach with the largest data set to date to probe phase space regions beyond the reach of previous general searches.Peer reviewe