Las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación en la etapa de educación infantil: Análisis crítico de su uso en diferentes situaciones educativas

Las nuevas tecnologías se han introducido en la sociedad como un caballo de Troya de cuyo contenido no parecemos ser completamente conscientes. Multitud de datos, informes y estudios nos advierten de la realidad en el uso de las pantallas. Dedicamos demasiadas horas navegando, chateando o viendo la televisión. Todo esto tiene consecuencias a nivel físico, psíquico, social, evolutivo y educacional. Este último punto, la educación, es el tema eje de lo que aquí se expone y, más concretamente, la Educación Infantil. Las TIC son utilizadas en la inmensa mayoría de situaciones educacionales en la escuela y fuera de ella: la enseñanza-aprendizaje de las matemáticas, la lecto-escritura, la música o las artes, son, entre otras, competencias que se intenta desarrollar en los niños bajo el amparo de pantallas. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar en profundidad los datos, las consecuencias negativas y positivas del uso de las TIC en E. Infantil, así como evaluar su capacidad educacional de cada elemento TIC, algo imprescindible para su correcto y beneficioso uso

Information and communications technology in preschool education: critical analysis of its usage in different educational situations

Las nuevas tecnologías se han introducido en la sociedad como un caballo de Troya de cuyo contenido no parecemos ser completamente conscientes. Multitud de datos, informes y estudios nos advierten de la realidad en el uso de las pantallas. Dedicamos demasiadas horas navegando, chateando o viendo la televisión. Todo esto tiene consecuencias a nivel físico, psíquico, social, evolutivo y educacional. Este último punto, la educación, es el tema eje de lo que aquí se expone y, más concretamente, la Educación Infantil. Las TIC son utilizadas en la inmensa mayoría de situaciones educacionales en la escuela y fuera de ella: la enseñanza-aprendizaje de las matemáticas, la lecto-escritura, la música o las artes, son, entre otras, competencias que se intenta desarrollar en los niños bajo el amparo de pantallas. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar en profundidad los datos, las consecuencias negativas y positivas del uso de las TIC en E. Infantil, así como evaluar su capacidad educacional de cada elemento TIC, algo imprescindible para su correcto y beneficioso uso.New technologies have been introduced in the lives of children and adults like a Trojan horse and we are not aware of what is waiting inside. A multitude of data, reports and studies warn us of the reality about the overuse of screens. We spend too many hours browsing, chatting or watching TV. All of this takes its toll at a physical, psychological, social, developmental and educational level. This last point, the education, is the central theme of what is presented here focused on Preschool Education. The IT is used in the vast majority of educational situations in and out of schools: Learning mathematics, reading, writing, music or arts are, some of the skills that children are trying to develop by the use of screens. This work aims at having an in-depth knowledge of the data, the positive and negative consequences, and evaluating the educational capacity of each IT element for the beneficial use of it in Schools.Depto. de Estudios EducativosFac. de EducaciónTRUEunpu

Analysis of the environmental degradation effects on the cables of La Arena bridge (Spain)

After nearly 25 years of service, some of the wires of the tendons of ?La Arena? bridge (Spain) started to exhibit the effects of environmental degradation processes. ?La Arena? is cable-stayed bridge with 6 towers and a reference span between towers of about 100 meters. After a maintenance inspection of the bridge, evidences of corrosion were detected in some of the galvanized wires of the cables. A more in-deep analysis of these wires revealed that many of them exhibited loss of section due to the corrosion process. In order to clarify the causes of this degradation event and to suggest some remedial actions, an experimental program was designed. This program consisted of tensile and fatigue tests on some strand samples of the bridge together with a fractographic analysis of the fracture surfaces of the wires, its galvanized layer thickness and some hydrogen measurements (hydrogen embrittlement could be another effect of the environmental degradation process).Once the type and extension of the flaws in the wires was characterized, a structural integrity assessment of the strands was performed with the aim of quantifying the margins until failure and establishing some maintenance recommendations

Assessing functionality during the early Acheulean in level TKSF at Thiongo Korongo site (Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania)

To understand the identity of the early Acheulean, it is necessary to discriminate between the variables that influenced the selection of technological strategies. Functionality of the archaeological sites is crucial in assessing the manufacturing strategies of lithic tools. To achieve this goal, analysis of the post-depositional processes must be evaluated. When bone remains have been preserved, anthropic animal processing can be identified through zooarchaeological and taphonomic analyses, and the spatial relationships among all the components can also be assessed, especially when bone surface is not sufficiently preserved. There are two levels present at Thiongo Korongo, ~1.3 Ma, TKLF and TKSF. These are in autochthonous position with no significant temporal diachrony but with substantial technological differences in the manufacturing of the lithic tools, which enables the analysis of the influence of human activities on technological behaviour. In order to evaluate this issue at TKSF, we present lithic, faunal, taphonomic, fabric, and spatial analyses. An assemblage of megaherbivores, among which Sivatherium is outstanding, dominate the TKSF faunal remains. Cortical preservation is poor; there is no intervention of carnivores, the rate of green fractures is low, and a few cut marks on size 5 and 3b animals were identified. Hence, apparently human intervention on the fauna was not intensive. Spatial and geostatistical analyses hints of a specific area where megaherbivores were processed by humans. Through wear use and biomarker analyses on stone tools, we are currently trying to understand the activities that were carried out in the remaining paleosurface. At paleosurface TKLF, the main anthropogenic input could be related to activities other than animal resource exploitation, in which large handaxes were necessary. Without the assessment of site functionality and chronological context, this data could have lead to the differences observed at TKLF and TKSF being attributed to different Acheulean stages

Análisis Socio-Urbanístico de Cantabria. Volumen II: Análisis del Planeamiento.

Estudios de base para la redacción de las Normas Urbanísticas Regionales (NUR) de Cantabria.Este proyecto de investigación aplicada se ha realizado gracias al Convenio de Colaboración entre el Gobierno de Cantabria y la Universidad de Cantabria titulado “Análisis Socio-Urbanístico de Cantabria”

Effectiveness of an intervention for improving drug prescription in primary care patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy:Study protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial (Multi-PAP project)

This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias ISCIII (Grant Numbers PI15/00276, PI15/00572, PI15/00996), REDISSEC (Project Numbers RD12/0001/0012, RD16/0001/0005), and the European Regional Development Fund ("A way to build Europe").Background: Multimorbidity is associated with negative effects both on people's health and on healthcare systems. A key problem linked to multimorbidity is polypharmacy, which in turn is associated with increased risk of partly preventable adverse effects, including mortality. The Ariadne principles describe a model of care based on a thorough assessment of diseases, treatments (and potential interactions), clinical status, context and preferences of patients with multimorbidity, with the aim of prioritizing and sharing realistic treatment goals that guide an individualized management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a complex intervention that implements the Ariadne principles in a population of young-old patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The intervention seeks to improve the appropriateness of prescribing in primary care (PC), as measured by the medication appropriateness index (MAI) score at 6 and 12months, as compared with usual care. Methods/Design: Design:pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial. Unit of randomization: family physician (FP). Unit of analysis: patient. Scope: PC health centres in three autonomous communities: Aragon, Madrid, and Andalusia (Spain). Population: patients aged 65-74years with multimorbidity (≥3 chronic diseases) and polypharmacy (≥5 drugs prescribed in ≥3months). Sample size: n=400 (200 per study arm). Intervention: complex intervention based on the implementation of the Ariadne principles with two components: (1) FP training and (2) FP-patient interview. Outcomes: MAI score, health services use, quality of life (Euroqol 5D-5L), pharmacotherapy and adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green, Haynes-Sackett), and clinical and socio-demographic variables. Statistical analysis: primary outcome is the difference in MAI score between T0 and T1 and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Adjustment for confounding factors will be performed by multilevel analysis. All analyses will be carried out in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: It is essential to provide evidence concerning interventions on PC patients with polypharmacy and multimorbidity, conducted in the context of routine clinical practice, and involving young-old patients with significant potential for preventing negative health outcomes. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02866799Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Investigación joven con perspectiva de género II

Actas del II Congreso de jóvenes investigadorxs con perspectiva de género (Getafe, 26 y 27 de junio de 2017) organizado por el Instituto Universitario de Estudios de Género de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p < 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics