Electrophysiological investigation of the contribution of attention to altered pain inhibition processes in patients with irritable bowel syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder associated with chronic abdominal pain and altered pain processing. The aim of this study was to examine whether attentional processes contribute to altered pain inhibition processes in patients with IBS. Nine female patients with IBS and nine age-/sex-matched controls were included in a pain inhibition paradigm using counter-stimulation and distraction with electroencephalography. Patients with IBS showed no inhibition of pain-related brain activity by heterotopic noxious counter-stimulation (HNCS) or selective attention. In the control group, HNCS and selective attention decreased the N100, P260 and high-gamma oscillation power. In addition, pain-related high-gamma power in sensorimotor, anterior cingulate and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was decreased by HNCS and selective attention in the control group, but not in patients with IBS. These results indicate that the central pain inhibition deficit in IBS reflects interactions between several brain processes related to pain and attention. © 2020 The Author(s)

Phylogeny of Vibrio vulnificus from the analysis of the core-genome: implications for intra-species taxonomy

Vibrio vulnificus (Vv) is a multi-host pathogenic species currently subdivided into three biotypes (Bts). The three Bts are human-pathogens, but only Bt2 is also a fish-pathogen, an ability that is conferred by a transferable virulence-plasmid (pVvbt2). Here we present a phylogenomic analysis from the core genome of 80 Vv strains belonging to the three Bts recovered from a wide range of geographical and ecological sources. We have identified five well-supported phylogenetic groups or lineages (L). LI comprises a mixture of clinical and environmental Bt1 strains, most of them involved in human clinical cases related to raw seafood ingestion. LII is linked to the aquaculture industry and includes Bt3 strains exclusively, mostly related to wound infections or secondary septicemia after farmed-fish handling. LIII is formed by a mixture of Bt1 and Bt2 strains from various sources, including diseased fish, and is also related to the aquaculture industry. Lastly, LIV and LV include a few strains of Bt1 associated with specific geographical areas. The phylogenetic trees for ChrI and II are not congruent to one another, which suggests that inter- and/or intra-chromosomal rearrangements have been produced along Vv evolution. Further, the phylogenetic trees for each chromosome and the virulence plasmid were also not congruent, which also suggests that pVvbt2 has been acquired independently by different clones, probably in fish farms. From all these clones, the one with zoonotic capabilities (Bt2-Serovar E) has successfully spread worldwide. From these results, we propose a new updated classification of the species based on phylogenetic lineages rather than on Bts, as well as the inclusion of all Bt2 strains in a pathovar with the particular ability to cause fish vibriosis, for which we suggest the name 'piscis'

Potential Role for Urine Polymerase Chain Reaction in the Diagnosis of Whipple Disease

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B cells in Sjögren’s syndrome: from pathophysiology to therapeutic target

International audienceBiological abnormalities associated with B lymphocytes are a hallmark of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Those patients present abnormal distribution of B lymphocytes in peripheral blood and B cells in exocrine glands. B cells produce auto-antibodies, cytokines and present antigens but can also suppressive functions. In this review, we will summarize current knowledge on B cells in primary Sjögren's syndrome patients, demonstrate their critical role in the immunopathology of the disease and describe the past and current trials targeting B cells

On the Assimilation of CFOSAT Wave Data in the Wave Model MFWAM : Verification Phase

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On the upgrade of the assimilation of CFOSAT, Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-3B wave data in CMEMS-GLO wave system

International audienceThe assimilation of satellite wave data into the global CMEMS-MFC wave system ensures an accurate description of the sea state and therefore a better estimate of momentuim and heat fluxes at the ocean/atmosphere interface. New wave data have been available since the launch of the Chinese-French satellite CFOSAT on October 29, 2018. The instrument SWIM (Surface Waves investigations for Measurements, Hauser et al. 2016) embarked on CFOSAT provides both significant wave height at nadir look direction and directional wave spectra on the several incidence angles (4,6,8 and 10◦) . The SWIM wave spectra have a detection limit for waves with wavelength of 70 meters which is better than SAR of Sentinel-1 (roughly 200 m).This work aims to evaluate the impact of these new data on wave forecasting and global wave products provided by CMEMS. We examine also the complementary impact of the assimilation of SAR and SWIM wave spectra during the analysis and forecast periods. Several assimilation tests in the wave model MFWAM have been implemented by taking into account the sensitivity to wavelength cut-off for the SAR and SWIM wave spectra. Validation of results has been developed with independent altimetry wave data and buoys. We will focus on a statistical analysis of the results for the different ocean basins. In this work we will also discuss the contribution of the assimilation of Sentinel-3B significant wave heights since the end of the tandem phase with Sentinel-3A in November 2018. In other respects, the update of the assimilation system will be tested for storm cases event and cyclonic season in the indian ocean. We will also discuss the impact of the assimilation of CFOSAT, Sentinel-1 and altimetry missions on the ocean/waves coupling. To this end coupled runs of the models MFWAM and NEMO have been implemented. Validation of surface key parameters such as Surface Sea Temperature, mixed layer and surface currents from coupled runs will be analysed. Particular attention will be dedicated to ocean regions with swell dominant regime and strong wave/currents interactions

Thermal Imaging and Biometrical Thermography of Humpback Whales

Determining species' distributions through time and space remains a primary challenge in cetacean science and conservation. For example, many whales migrate thousands of kilometers every year between remote seasonal habitats along migratory corridors that cross major shipping lanes and intensively harvested fisheries, creating a dynamic spatial and temporal context that conservation decisions must take into account. Technological advances enabling automated whale detection have the potential to dramatically improve our knowledge of when and where whales are located, presenting opportunities to help minimize adverse human-whale interactions. Using thermographic data we show that near-horizontal (i.e., high zenith angle) infrared images of humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) blows, dorsal fins, flukes and rostrums record similar magnitude brightness temperature anomalies relative to the adjacent ocean surface. Our results demonstrate that these anomalies are similar in both low latitude and high latitude environments despite a ~16°C difference in ocean surface temperature between study areas. We show that these similarities occur in both environments due to emissivity effects associated with oblique target imaging, rather than differences in cetacean thermoregulation. The consistent and reproducible brightness temperature anomalies we report provide important quantitative constraints that will help facilitate the development of transient temperature anomaly detection algorithms in diverse marine environments. Thermographic videography coupled with laser range finding further enables calculation of whale blow velocity, demonstrating that biometrical measurements are possible for near-horizontal datasets that otherwise suffer from emissivity effects. The thermographic research we present creates a platform for the delivery of three important contributions to cetacean conservation: (1) non-invasive species-level identifications based on whale blow shapes and velocities recorded by infrared videography; (2) reduced ship-strike rates through automated thermographic cetacean detection systems deployed in high traffic areas; (3) monitoring the spatial and temporal distributions of endangered animals in remote habitats

La loi antisexiste : remède ou placebo ? Table ronde

Antoine Monique, Auger Colette, Marguerye Colette de, Dhavernas Odile, Colanis Alice, Diebolt Annette, Navarro Eliane, Tison Marie-Christine. La loi antisexiste : remède ou placebo ? Table ronde. In: Revue d'en face, n°11, 1981. Mouvement et Institutions. pp. 50-58

Rheumatic immune- and nonimmune-related adverse events in phase 3 clinical trials assessing PD-(L)1 checkpoint inhibitors for lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

International audienceWe aimed to analyze rheumatic immune-related (ir) and nonimmune-related adverse events (AEs) due to immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed cell death-1 or its ligand PD-(L)1 in lung cancer patients from the available literature

First results on wave spectral properties from the CFOSAT satellite

International audienceCFOSAT is an innovative satellite mission to be launched on October 29th, 2018. It is presently in the final stage of preparation thanks to a fruitfull Chinese-French cooperation started in 2006. CFOSAT will provide for the first time colocated observations on wind vector, wave spectral parameters (wave spectra and associated parameters) from a combination of two radar instruments (SWIM and SCAT) working in altimeter and wave spectrometer modes (SWIM) and wind scatterometer mode (SCAT). The observation products will offer the opportunity to develop new studies from global observations, as joint analysis of space evolution of wind and waves, detailed analysis of the spectral properties of the wave field (in particular its directionality) and relationship between long waves (measured by SWIM) and short wave properties (indirect information from the normalized radar cross-section). The data will also be used in combination with wave and atmospheric numerical models (through assimilation) in order to improve wave and atmospheric forecast. The information on peak wavenumber, wave direction, directional spread for several wave spectrum partitions, will also be of great interest to study wave/current interactions.During these last years, the algorithms for wind and wave inversion have been prepared in France and China by expert laboratories and space agencies. They are under implementation in mission centers and will be ready to provide products a couple of weeks after the satellite launch. During the conference we will show the very first data sets obtained from SWIM as well as the first validation analysis of wave products. This will include comparisons to wave parameters from model outputs, in situ data and other satellite data (altimeter, SAR) at cross-over points. The focus will be put on the main parameters of the wave spectra (significant wave height, peak direction, peak wavelength)