8 research outputs found
Breeding Tomato Hybrids for Flavour: Comparison of GWAS Results Obtained on Lines and F1 Hybrids
[EN] Tomato flavour is an important goal for breeders. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are major determinants of tomato flavour. Although most tomato varieties for fresh market are F1 hybrids, most studies on the genetic control of flavour-related traits are performed on lines. We quantified 46 VOCs in a panel of 121 small fruited lines and in a test cross panel of 165 hybrids (the previous panel plus 44 elite cherry tomato lines crossed with a common line). High and consistent heritabilities were assessed for most VOCs in the two panels, and 65% of VOC contents were strongly correlated between lines and hybrids. Additivity was observed for most VOCs. We performed genome wide association studies (GWAS) on the two panels separately, along with a third GWAS on the test cross subset carrying only F1 hybrids corresponding to the line panel. We identified 205, 183 and 138 associations, respectively. We identified numerous overlapping associations for VOCs belonging to the same metabolic pathway within each panel; we focused on seven chromosome regions with clusters of associations simultaneously involved in several key VOCs for tomato aroma. The study highlighted the benefit of testcross panels to create tasty F1 hybrid varieties.This research was funded by the CIFRE project Qualhytom, grant number 2018/1239, the ANR project TomEpiSet, grant number ANR-16-CE20-0014 and European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, HARNESSTOM, grant number No. 101000716.Bineau, E.; Rambla Nebot, JL.; Priego-Cubero, S.; Hereil, A.; Bitton, F.; Plissonneau, C.; Granell Richart, A.... (2021). Breeding Tomato Hybrids for Flavour: Comparison of GWAS Results Obtained on Lines and F1 Hybrids. Genes. 12(9):1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12091443S12012
Multi-trait genomic prediction to improve tomato aroma contents
The increasing consumer demand for tastier tomatoes led to the development of several breeding projects for quality. The first ones are based on increasing the sugar content and improving the acid balance (malic and citric acids) as both traits have been widely described as the main contributors to tomato flavor. However, sugar content and fruit weight are primarily regulated by linked genetic regions with opposite effect, so increasing sugar content reduces fruit weight. In this context, other breeding levers have been considered: the most promising is the diversification of tomato aromas. Tomato aromas are combinations of large number of volatile compounds among which 30 have a major effect on taste. Each of these is controlled by a large number of QTLs. Genomic prediction is a statistical method to estimate the breeding value of genotypes based on their genotyping information. It is well suited for the improvement of low effect polygenic traits. Thus, we explored the efficiency of this method for aroma content prediction on GWAS data previously published by Bineau et al. (2021): 44 volatiles assessed by GS-MS in a collection of 121 cherry tomato lines. The ability and accuracy of prediction models adapted to multiple traits were tested by cross-validation in comparison with single trait models. The second challenge was to predict the breeding values of hybrids (derived from the line collection). Third, we explored some index based on combined volatiles content representing aroma to predict global tomato flavour. I will present the latest results on these three axes
Multimode polymer chirped fiber Bragg grating for shock and detonation velocity
International audienceShock and detonation velocities are today measured continuously using long silica chirped fiber Bragg gratings (CFBGs). These thin probes can be directly inserted into high-explosive samples. The use of a polymer fiber increases the sensitivity at low pressure levels when studying, for instance, shock-to-detonation transitions in wedge tests. The 22-mm-long multimode polymer CFBGs have, therefore, been manufactured and characterized. A first detonation experiment was realized on a narrow Formex strip using such a sensor. The feasibility is demonstrated, and the associated uncertainties, mostly coming from the use of a multimode fiber, are discussed
L'éruption du volcan Hunga Tonga -Hunga Ha'apai le 15 janvier 2022 : un ébranlement du systÚme Terre à l'échelle planétaire
L'Ă©ruption explosive du volcan Hunga Tonga - Hunga Haâapai (HTHH), le 15 janvier 2022, a produit la plus puissante explosion enregistrĂ©e depuis les explosions du Krakatau et du Tambora dans les annĂ©es 1800, libĂ©rant une Ă©nergie Ă©quivalente Ă 110 mĂ©gatonnes de TNT. Les ondes gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©es sesont propagĂ©es dans le sol, et dans lâatmosphĂšre jusquâĂ lâionosphĂšre. L'onde atmosphĂ©rique la plus Ă©nergĂ©tique observĂ©e sur les baromĂštres correspond au mode de Lamb. De pĂ©riode supĂ©rieure Ă 2000 s, son amplitude est comparable Ă celle observĂ©e lors de lâĂ©ruption du Krakatau en 1883. Lâempreinte des perturbations atmosphĂ©riques a Ă©tĂ© caractĂ©risĂ©e Ă lâĂ©chelle planĂ©taire par des rĂ©seaux de mesures au sol, Ă bord de satellites ou de plateformes aĂ©roportĂ©es. Lâanalyse combinĂ©e de ces observations a permis dâĂ©valuer les consĂ©quences Ă court terme de l'Ă©ruption du HTHH. Les mĂ©thodes d'investigation gĂ©ophysiques prĂ©sentĂ©es dans cette note montrent lâapport dâanalyses interdisciplinaires pour caractĂ©riser la rĂ©ponse impulsionnelle des enveloppes fluides planĂ©taires (atmosphĂšre, ocĂ©ans et mers) Ă une Ă©ruption dâune intensitĂ© exceptionnelle
L'éruption du volcan Hunga Tonga -Hunga Ha'apai le 15 janvier 2022 : un ébranlement du systÚme Terre à l'échelle planétaire
L'Ă©ruption explosive du volcan Hunga Tonga - Hunga Haâapai (HTHH), le 15 janvier 2022, a produit la plus puissante explosion enregistrĂ©e depuis les explosions du Krakatau et du Tambora dans les annĂ©es 1800, libĂ©rant une Ă©nergie Ă©quivalente Ă 110 mĂ©gatonnes de TNT. Les ondes gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©es sesont propagĂ©es dans le sol, et dans lâatmosphĂšre jusquâĂ lâionosphĂšre. L'onde atmosphĂ©rique la plus Ă©nergĂ©tique observĂ©e sur les baromĂštres correspond au mode de Lamb. De pĂ©riode supĂ©rieure Ă 2000 s, son amplitude est comparable Ă celle observĂ©e lors de lâĂ©ruption du Krakatau en 1883. Lâempreinte des perturbations atmosphĂ©riques a Ă©tĂ© caractĂ©risĂ©e Ă lâĂ©chelle planĂ©taire par des rĂ©seaux de mesures au sol, Ă bord de satellites ou de plateformes aĂ©roportĂ©es. Lâanalyse combinĂ©e de ces observations a permis dâĂ©valuer les consĂ©quences Ă court terme de l'Ă©ruption du HTHH. Les mĂ©thodes d'investigation gĂ©ophysiques prĂ©sentĂ©es dans cette note montrent lâapport dâanalyses interdisciplinaires pour caractĂ©riser la rĂ©ponse impulsionnelle des enveloppes fluides planĂ©taires (atmosphĂšre, ocĂ©ans et mers) Ă une Ă©ruption dâune intensitĂ© exceptionnelle