Energy and Exergy Analysis of a Cruise Ship

In recent years, the International Maritime Organization agreed on aiming to reduceshipping’s greenhouse gas emissions by 50% with respect to 2009 levels. Meanwhile, cruise shiptourism is growing at a fast pace, making the challenge of achieving this goal even harder.The complexity of the energy system of these ships makes them of particular interest from anenergy systems perspective. To illustrate this, we analyzed the energy and exergy flow rates of acruise ship sailing in the Baltic Sea based on measurements from one year of the ship’s operations.The energy analysis allows identifying propulsion as the main energy user (46% of the total) followedby heat (27%) and electric power (27%) generation; the exergy analysis allowed instead identifyingthe main inefficiencies of the system: while exergy is primarily destroyed in all processes involvingcombustion (76% of the total), the other main causes of exergy destruction are the turbochargers,the heat recovery steam generators, the steam heaters, the preheater in the accommodation heatingsystems, the sea water coolers, and the electric generators; the main exergy losses take place in theexhaust gas of the engines not equipped with heat recovery devices. The application of clustering ofthe ship’s operations based on the concept of typical operational days suggests that the use of fivetypical days provides a good approximation of the yearly ship’s operations and can hence be usedfor the design and optimization of the energy systems of the ship

Absolute quantification of perfusion by dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI using Bookend and VASO steady-state CBV calibration: a comparison with pseudo-continuous ASL.

Dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI (DSC-MRI) tends to return elevated estimates of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral blood volume (CBV). In this study, subject-specific calibration factors (CFs), based on steady-state CBV measurements, were applied to rescale the absolute level of DSC-MRI CBF

Patient-reported outcomes one year after positive sentinel lymph node biopsy with or without axillary lymph node dissection in the randomized SENOMAC trial

Introduction: This report evaluates whether health related quality of life (HRQoL) and patient-reported arm morbidity one year after axillary surgery are affected by the omission of axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Methods: The ongoing international non-inferiority SENOMAC trial randomizes clinically node-negative breast cancer patients (T1-T3) with 1-2 sentinel lymph node (SLN) macrometastases to completion ALND or no further axillary surgery. For this analysis, the first 1181 patients enrolled in Sweden and Denmark between March 2015, and June 2019, were eligible. Data extraction from the trial database was on November 2020. This report covers the secondary outcomes of the SENOMAC trial: HRQoL and patient-reported arm morbidity. The EORTC QLQC30, EORTC QLQ-BR23 and Lymph-ICF questionnaires were completed in the early postoperative phase and at one-year follow-up. Adjusted one-year mean scores and mean differences between the groups are presented corrected for multiple testing.Peer reviewe

Crystal structure of the P2 C-repressor: a binder of non-palindromic direct DNA repeats

As opposed to the vast majority of prokaryotic repressors, the immunity repressor of temperate Escherichia coli phage P2 (C) recognizes non-palindromic direct repeats of DNA rather than inverted repeats. We have determined the crystal structure of P2 C at 1.8 Å. This constitutes the first structure solved from the family of C proteins from P2-like bacteriophages. The structure reveals that the P2 C protein forms a symmetric dimer oriented to bind the major groove of two consecutive turns of the DNA. Surprisingly, P2 C has great similarities to binders of palindromic sequences. Nevertheless, the two identical DNA-binding helixes of the symmetric P2 C dimer have to bind different DNA sequences. Helix 3 is identified as the DNA-recognition motif in P2 C by alanine scanning and the importance for the individual residues in DNA recognition is defined. A truncation mutant shows that the disordered C-terminus is dispensable for repressor function. The short distance between the DNA-binding helices together with a possible interaction between two P2 C dimers are proposed to be responsible for extensive bending of the DNA. The structure provides insight into the mechanisms behind the mutants of P2 C causing dimer disruption, temperature sensitivity and insensitivity to the P4 antirepressor

Body fatness during childhood and adolescence and incidence of breast cancer in premenopausal women: a prospective cohort study

INTRODUCTION: Body mass index (BMI) during adulthood is inversely related to the incidence of premenopausal breast cancer, but the role of body fatness earlier in life is less clear. We examined prospectively the relation between body fatness during childhood and adolescence and the incidence of breast cancer in premenopausal women. METHODS: Participants were 109,267 premenopausal women in the Nurses' Health Study II who recalled their body fatness at ages 5, 10 and 20 years using a validated 9-level figure drawing. Over 12 years of follow up, 1318 incident cases of breast cancer were identified. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to compute relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for body fatness at each age and for average childhood (ages 5–10 years) and adolescent (ages 10–20 years) fatness. RESULTS: Body fatness at each age was inversely associated with premenopausal breast cancer incidence; the multivariate RRs were 0.48 (95% CI 0.35–0.55) and 0.57 (95% CI 0.39–0.83) for the most overweight compared with the most lean in childhood and adolescence, respectively (P for trend < 0.0001). The association for childhood body fatness was only slightly attenuated after adjustment for later BMI, with a multivariate RR of 0.52 (95% CI 0.38–0.71) for the most overweight compared with the most lean (P for trend = 0.001). Adjustment for menstrual cycle characteristics had little impact on the association. CONCLUSION: Greater body fatness during childhood and adolescence is associated with reduced incidence of premenopausal breast cancer, independent of adult BMI and menstrual cycle characteristics

STUDIES OF THE LEVEL STRUCTURES OF TUNGSTEN-181, OSMIUM-185 AND OSMIUM-187 BY RADIOACTIVE DECAY SPECTROSCOPY.

Abstract not availabl

Kartläggning av den nordiska livsmedelskonsumtionens påverkan på biologisk mångfald

The climate impact of food production has been lively debated over the last decades. It is e.g. well known that some products have a higher climate impact in comparison to other food products. The biodiversity impact of different food products is however less known. To steer the food production in a positive direction as well as to enable consumers, restaurants, public kitchens, and the food industry to make well-informed decisions, we need to address and measure this impact. The aim of this study has been to examine the biodiversity impact of Nordic and European food consumption. In this report we present (1) a brief summary of biodiversity indicators linked to food production and consumption, (2) different methods to evaluate biodiversity impact of food products and (3) a literature review of studies that assess biodiversity impacts of food products and diets. Based on the literature review, we identify food products suggested to have a higher respectively lower negative impact on biodiversity and discuss what changes that could promote a Nordic diet with lower negative impact on biodiversity. Finally, we highlight knowledge gaps and possibilities for future work. There are different methods to examine the biodiversity impact on food products, such as life cycle assessment, input-output-model, and mapping tools. Biodiversity footprints are often based on the land use (area and intensity) in combination with parameters linked to where the production takes place and thus what biodiversity values can be affected. The consumed amount of food is also often considered – a product with a low impact per kg can get a high impact when consumed to a high degree and vice versa. Our literature review shows a variety of food products with high negative biodiversity impact. Particularly, products that are known drivers of deforestation in tropical regions, such as palm oil, coffee, and cacao – as well as meat and/or animal products that have been fed with soybeans derived from tropical regions have a high negative impact on biodiversity. On the other hand, consumption of foods as vegetables, starchy roots, and pulses – ideally with domestic origin – are examples of foods indicated to have lower biodiversity impact which would be beneficial to eat more of in the Nordic diet. There are also examples of agricultural systems where human interference is crucial for maintaining a high level of biodiversity, for example keeping grazing animals on high-naturevalue-grasslands. If these lands are abandoned or planted with forest, numerous of species will be extinct. Thus, meat linked to these grasslands can also support biodiversity, especially in the Nordic countries where there are relatively many of these landscapes left (in comparison to the rest of Europe). As the studies reviewed varied in their scope, methods, and results, they are difficult to compare. More research is needed to confirm our conclusions. Furthermore, none of the methods are flawless and there are obvious difficulties with finding a transferable and scalable unit – like CO2-equivalents – since biodiversity impacts are highly dynamic and sitespecific. Additionally, most of the reviewed studies do not consider transformation of natural areas driven by food production, e.g., deforestation, and may therefore be underestimating the impacts. In future studies, the reference systems may also be discussed and further developed, and more taxonomic groups (e.g., arthropods such as insects) should preferably be included

Ethical considerations in relation to personalised nutrition : An overview of Work Package 5, with respect to ethics

The objectives of Food4Me work package 5 included a baseline assessment of the ethical and legal aspects of personalised nutrition at the start of the project in 2011, as well as a final assessment at the end of the project (2015), taking into account results achieved in other work packages. The initial assessment made a number of ethical issues visible, most of them relating to the consumer of personalised nutrition service. The results depicted in this publication indicate that many of the questions raised in relation to these issues remain unsolved, and in some cases they seem to be neglected in relation to the services offered by internet companies

Kartläggning av den nordiska livsmedelskonsumtionens påverkan på biologisk mångfald

The climate impact of food production has been lively debated over the last decades. It is e.g. well known that some products have a higher climate impact in comparison to other food products. The biodiversity impact of different food products is however less known. To steer the food production in a positive direction as well as to enable consumers, restaurants, public kitchens, and the food industry to make well-informed decisions, we need to address and measure this impact. The aim of this study has been to examine the biodiversity impact of Nordic and European food consumption. In this report we present (1) a brief summary of biodiversity indicators linked to food production and consumption, (2) different methods to evaluate biodiversity impact of food products and (3) a literature review of studies that assess biodiversity impacts of food products and diets. Based on the literature review, we identify food products suggested to have a higher respectively lower negative impact on biodiversity and discuss what changes that could promote a Nordic diet with lower negative impact on biodiversity. Finally, we highlight knowledge gaps and possibilities for future work. There are different methods to examine the biodiversity impact on food products, such as life cycle assessment, input-output-model, and mapping tools. Biodiversity footprints are often based on the land use (area and intensity) in combination with parameters linked to where the production takes place and thus what biodiversity values can be affected. The consumed amount of food is also often considered – a product with a low impact per kg can get a high impact when consumed to a high degree and vice versa. Our literature review shows a variety of food products with high negative biodiversity impact. Particularly, products that are known drivers of deforestation in tropical regions, such as palm oil, coffee, and cacao – as well as meat and/or animal products that have been fed with soybeans derived from tropical regions have a high negative impact on biodiversity. On the other hand, consumption of foods as vegetables, starchy roots, and pulses – ideally with domestic origin – are examples of foods indicated to have lower biodiversity impact which would be beneficial to eat more of in the Nordic diet. There are also examples of agricultural systems where human interference is crucial for maintaining a high level of biodiversity, for example keeping grazing animals on high-naturevalue-grasslands. If these lands are abandoned or planted with forest, numerous of species will be extinct. Thus, meat linked to these grasslands can also support biodiversity, especially in the Nordic countries where there are relatively many of these landscapes left (in comparison to the rest of Europe). As the studies reviewed varied in their scope, methods, and results, they are difficult to compare. More research is needed to confirm our conclusions. Furthermore, none of the methods are flawless and there are obvious difficulties with finding a transferable and scalable unit – like CO2-equivalents – since biodiversity impacts are highly dynamic and sitespecific. Additionally, most of the reviewed studies do not consider transformation of natural areas driven by food production, e.g., deforestation, and may therefore be underestimating the impacts. In future studies, the reference systems may also be discussed and further developed, and more taxonomic groups (e.g., arthropods such as insects) should preferably be included

Nätverkens betydelse för CleanTech-industrin i Västra Götalandsregionen

Clean Technology, CleanTech, är ursprungligen ett amerikanskt begrepp som relativt nyligen etablerades i Sverige. EU:s definition av CleanTech visar på dess bredd: ”all teknik som är mindre skadlig för miljön än tillgängliga alternativ”. CleanTech-branschen har under den se-naste tiden fått mycket uppmärksamhet och lyfts fram som en potentiell tillväxtindustri. Den avancerade tekniken som finns inom CleanTech leder ofta till en lång utvecklingsprocess som är kostsam och riskfylld för investerare, vilket lett till att CleanTech-företag har uttryckt svårigheter med att få kapital till att utveckla sin affärsidé. Ett tillväxtfrämjande företagsklimat är viktigt för att CleanTech-företagen i Sverige ska få möjlighet att utvecklas. De faktorer som krävs för att en sådan utveckling ska komma till stånd är framförallt kunskap och kapital. Deltagande i nätverk, och de mötesplatser som nätverken skapar, kan anses vara en effektiv metod för att skaffa sig kontakter med tillgång till dessa resurser. Uppsatsen fokuserar på hur nätverken i Västra Götalandsregionen uppfattas, och huruvida mötesplatserna leder till samarbeten och investeringar i CleanTech-industrin. Vidare be-handlas hur samverkan mellan stat, industri och akademi fungerar samt om detta kan påver-ka tillväxten av CleanTech-företag i regionen. Eftersom studien undersöker hur investerare och företag med kapitalbehov träffas, och hur nätverken arbetar för detta, utgår studien genomgående från de tre aktörerna; investerare, företag och nätverk. Representanter från dessa grupper har deltagit i de intervjuer som har genomförts. Totalt ingår 30 nätverk, före-tag och investerare verksamma i Västra Götalandsregionens CleanTech-industri i studien. I arbetet presenteras avslutningsvis ett resultat som är baserat på analysen av de svar som aktörerna gav under intervjuerna. Resultatet visar att de intervjuade anser att nätverken är en viktig del i intressenternas arbete. Nätverken behövs för att skapa mötesplatser där for-mella kontakter knyts. Intressenterna anser också att det finns ett stort antal nätverk för CleanTech-industrin i Västra Götalandsregionen. Vidare visar studien att det idag uppfattas finnas gott om kapital att investera i CleanTech-branschen och nätverken anses viktiga mö-tesplatser mellan investerare och företag. Många större investerare har utvecklade samar-beten och saminvesteringar är vanliga. Samarbeten är även vanligt förekommande mellan två av parterna, stat, industri och akademi medan det däremot är mer sällsynt att alla tre parter samarbetar. Slutligen visar undersökningen att staten anses påverka marknaden ge-nom subventioner och regler och styr därmed till stor del utvecklingen av CleanTech i Sveri-ge. Offentliga organisationer och nätverk anses vara aktiva inom Cleantech-branschen men det finns ett missnöje bland de Västsvenska företagen med hur statliga och främst kommu-nala upphandlingar hanteras