Cost-Utility of Aspirin and Proton Pump Inhibitors for Primary Prevention

Aspirin reduces myocardial infarction but increases gastrointestinal bleeding. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) may reduce upper gastrointestinal bleed. We estimate the cost-utility of aspirin treatment with or without PPI for coronary heart disease (CHD) prevention among men at different risks for CHD and gastrointestinal bleed

Mutations in pericentrin cause Seckel syndrome with defective ATR-dependent DNA damage signaling

Large brain size is one of the defining characteristics of modern humans. Seckel syndrome (MIM 210600), a disorder of markedly reduced brain and body size, is associated with defective ATR-dependent DNA damage signaling. Only a single hypomorphic mutation of ATR has been identified in this genetically heterogeneous condition. We now report that mutations in the gene encoding pericentrin (PCNT)--resulting in the loss of pericentrin from the centrosome, where it has key functions anchoring both structural and regulatory proteins--also cause Seckel syndrome. Furthermore, we find that cells of individuals with Seckel syndrome due to mutations in PCNT (PCNT-Seckel) have defects in ATR-dependent checkpoint signaling, providing the first evidence linking a structural centrosomal protein with DNA damage signaling. These findings also suggest that other known microcephaly genes implicated in either DNA repair responses or centrosomal function may act in common developmental pathways determining human brain and body size

Editor's choice : European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2020 clinical practice guidelines on the management of acute limb ischaemia

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Exploring the evidence base for national and regional policy interventions to combat resistance

The effectiveness of existing policies to control antimicrobial resistance is not yet fully understood. A strengthened evidence base is needed to inform effective policy interventions across countries with different income levels and the human health and animal sectors. We examine three policy domains—responsible use, surveillance, and infection prevention and control—and consider which will be the most effective at national and regional levels. Many complexities exist in the implementation of such policies across sectors and in varying political and regulatory environments. Therefore, we make recommendations for policy action, calling for comprehensive policy assessments, using standardised frameworks, of cost-effectiveness and generalisability. Such assessments are especially important in low-income and middle-income countries, and in the animal and environmental sectors. We also advocate a One Health approach that will enable the development of sensitive policies, accommodating the needs of each sector involved, and addressing concerns of specific countries and regions

The Interdisciplinary Curriculum for Oncology Palliative Care Education (iCOPE): Meeting the Challenge of Interprofessional Education

Abstract Background: Interprofessional education is necessary to prepare students of the health professions for successful practice in today's health care environment. Because of its expertise in interdisciplinary practice and team-based care, palliative care should be leading the way in creating educational opportunities for students to learn the skills for team practice and provision of quality patient-centered care. Multiple barriers exist that can discourage those desiring to create and implement truly interdisciplinary curriculum. Design: An interdisciplinary faculty team planned and piloted a mandatory interdisciplinary palliative oncology curriculum and responded to formative feedback. Setting/Subjects: The project took place at a large public metropolitan university. Medical, nursing, and social work students and chaplains completing a clinical pastoral education internship participated in the curriculum. Measurements: Formative feedback was received via the consultation of an interdisciplinary group of palliative education experts, focus groups from students, and student evaluations of each learning modality. Results: Multiple barriers were experienced and successfully addressed by the faculty team. Curricular components were redesigned based on formative feedback. Openness to this feedback coupled with flexibility and compromise enabled the faculty team to create an efficient, sustainable, and feasible interdisciplinary palliative oncology curriculum. Conclusion: Interdisciplinary palliative education can be successful if faculty teams are willing to confront challenges, accept feedback on multiple levels, and compromise while maintaining focus on desired learner outcomes

Over-elongation of centrioles in cancer promotes centriole amplification and chromosome missegregation

G.M. and A.G. were funded by the FCT-Harvard Medical School Program Portugal grant (HMSP-CT/SAU-ICT/0075/2009) and individual FCT post-doctoral fellowships (SFRH/BPD/98439/2013 and SFRH/BPD/82420/2011, respectively). The M.B-D. laboratory is supported by IGC, an EMBO installation grant, ERC grant ERC-2010-StG-261344, FCT grants (FCT Investigator to M.B-D., POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016390 and PTDC/BIM-ONC/6858/2014) and a FCT-Harvard Medical School Program Portugal grant (HMSP-CT/SAU-ICT/0075/2009)

A Chip-Level IS95-Compliant Cellular CDMA Simulator: Design, Implementation, and Analysis

Cell capacity in a CDMA communication system can be increased through the use of base station antenna arrays and digital beamforming. We have therefore developed a comprehensive chip-level simulator of the reverse link component of an IS95-compliant cellular system. This level of detail is necessary to validate our simplifying models for imperfect beamforming and imperfect power control. This paper explains in detail the implementation of the entire reverse link simulation process. The various techniques available for power control and beamforming are then described, together with methods for estimating maximum cell capacity. An error analysis which was used to validate the accuracy of the simulator is included. Finally, sample simulation results are presented, our ongoing research is discussed, and some concluding remarks are made

The Performance of Camera Translation Direction Estimators from Optical Flow: Analysis, Comparison, and Theoretical Limits

A noniterative method using optical flow to recover the translation direction of a moving camera has been previously proposed in [4]. We present a detailed explanation of the bias in this algorithm and compare methods for eliminating this bias, as well as presenting a comprehensive error analysis. This analysis includes a necessary modification to the Cram'erRao lower bound (CRLB). We propose a simple iterative modification to the algorithm which produces unbiased translation direction estimates that approach the CRLB. Numerical results are used to compare the various techniques on synthetic and real image sequences. Index Terms -- translation direction estimation, linear constraints, optical flow, error analysis, performance comparison 3 This research has been partially supported by grants from the Information Technology Research Centre of Ontario and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. This work was presented in part at the 1995 IEEE International Confe..

A Combined Soft-Decision Deinterleaver/Decoder for the IS95 Reverse Link

The reverse link encoding steps of the IS95 cellular CDMA standard consist of convolutional encoding, block interleaving, and orthogonal Walsh function encoding. Deinterleaving individual symbol metrics obtained from the Walsh function matched filters followed by conventional Viterbi decoding produces suboptimal results, as unwanted inter-symbol Walsh function correlation is introduced. We propose a combined deinterleaver/decoder with improved performance over existing decoders with little added overhead and no extra decoding delay. Applied to the IS95 reverse link, the proposed decoder has about 1.0 dB gain over soft decision decoding with interleaved symbol metrics at a bit error rate of 10