David F. Cavers Honored

Denna rapport är en del av en större förstudie som handlar om lönsamheten i en liten vindkraftsanläggning bestående av tre vindkraftverk placerade på Öland. Syftet för denna del är att undersöka kostnaden för underhållet, olika underhållsstrategier och lagerhållning. Rapporten beskriver även de olika komponenterna i ett vindkraftverk, vilka fel som inträffar samt hur ofta de inträffar. Den metod som har använts är att genom litteraturstudie sammanställa statistik för felfrekvens, hindertid och kostnader. Driftkostnaden för tre vindkraftverk beräknades till 80.7- 100.8 miljoner kronor och förväntas ha en tillgänglighet på 94-99 %. Det är dock svårt att exakt kartlägga de fel som inträffar i vindkraftverket på grund av dess komplexa struktur. Vindkraftsanläggningen kan inte med säkerhet förväntas vara ekonomiskt lönsam. Det ekonomiska perspektivet är en viktig del, men för att lösa problemen med den globala uppvärmningen krävs det att det ses i ett bredare perspektiv.

Wideband Waveform Design for Robust Target Detection

Future radar systems are expected to use waveforms of a high bandwidth, where the main advantage is an improved range resolution. In this paper, a technique to design robust wideband waveforms for a Multiple-Input-Single-Output system is developed. The context is optimal detection of a single object with partially unknown parameters. The waveforms are robust in the sense that, for a single transmission, detection capability is maintained over an interval of time-delay and time-scaling (Doppler) parameters. A solution framework is derived, approximated, and formulated as an optimization by means of basis expansion. In terms of probabilities of detection and false alarm, numerical evaluation shows the efficiency of the proposed method when compared with a Linear Frequency Modulated signal and a Gaussian pulse.Comment: This paper is submitted for peer review to IEEE letters on signal processin

Partial Relaxation Approach: An Eigenvalue-Based DOA Estimator Framework

In this paper, the partial relaxation approach is introduced and applied to DOA estimation using spectral search. Unlike existing methods like Capon or MUSIC which can be considered as single source approximations of multi-source estimation criteria, the proposed approach accounts for the existence of multiple sources. At each considered direction, the manifold structure of the remaining interfering signals impinging on the sensor array is relaxed, which results in closed form estimates for the interference parameters. The conventional multidimensional optimization problem reduces, thanks to this relaxation, to a simple spectral search. Following this principle, we propose estimators based on the Deterministic Maximum Likelihood, Weighted Subspace Fitting and covariance fitting methods. To calculate the pseudo-spectra efficiently, an iterative rooting scheme based on the rational function approximation is applied to the partial relaxation methods. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed estimators is superior to the conventional methods especially in the case of low Signal-to-Noise-Ratio and low number of snapshots, irrespectively of any specific structure of the sensor array while maintaining a comparable computational cost as MUSIC.Comment: This work has been submitted to IEEE for possible publication. Copyright may be transferred without notice, after which this version may no longer be accessibl

The drivers of growth and innovation in Swedish metropolitan cities since the 1980’s

Metropolitan cities are increasingly becoming the undisputed centers of growth and innovation. This thesis investigates the driving forces of urban growth and innovation in the Swedish metropolitan cities from the 1980’s and onwards through a mixed method case study. The theories of Richard Florida, Enrico Moretti and Edward Glaeser are used to form three hypotheses of how cities attract high-skill people and achieve urban growth and innovation. The results suggest that Moretti’s theories of large successful innovative companies as the drivers of growth and innovation fits the development in Stockholm and Göteborg: the Ericsson company in Stockholm, and Volvo in Göteborg. Malmö-Lund achieved growth and innovation through its human capital potential and its diverse industries, which fits Glaeser’s theories

On the resolution of the LASSO-based DOA estimation method

This paper investigates the consistency of the LASSO-based DOA estimation of the narrow-band signals in infinitely high SNR. Such a method provides a robust and accurate approximation of the Maximum Likelihood estimation. However, as we show, unlike the standard techniques such as subspace methods the LASSO-based estimation is generally not consistent in high SNRs. In return, considering the true DOA's, we show that the method is consistent for certain configuration of the sources. This approach leads us to relate such a conditional consistency to the resolution concept. We next give a condition to verify the consistency of a given set of directions and simplify it to a computationally fast equivalent algorithm. The results show that the resolution in infinitely high SNR case for m sensors decreases by speed 1 over m

Low PAPR waveform synthesis with application to wideband MIMO radar

This paper considers the problem of waveform synthesis given a desired power spectrum. The properties of the designed waveforms are such that the overall system performance is increased. The metric used to evaluate the optimality of the synthesized time domain signals is the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). We discuss how to synthesize waveforms using the technique of partial transmit sequence (PTS). The key point is that the gradient can explicitly be derived from the objective function. Furthermore, the result is extended by allowing the power spectrum to deviate from its original shape, yielding a further reduction in the PAPR. The method is applied to derived power spectra for wideband multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) radar. It is shown that the proposed technique can achieve optimal or near optimal performance with PAPR below 0.5 dB

Maximum a Posteriori Based Regularization Parameter Selection

The l(1) norm regularized least square technique has been proposed as an efficient method to calculate sparse solutions. However, the choice of the regularization parameter is still an unsolved problem, especially when the number of nonzero elements is unknown. In this paper we first design different ML estimators by interpreting the l(1) norm regularization as a MAP estimator with a Laplacian model for data. We also utilize the MDL criterion to decide on the regularization parameter. The performance of these new methods are evaluated in the context of estimating the Directions Of Arrival (DOA) for the simulated data and compared. The simulations show that the performance of the different forms of the MAP estimator are approximately equal in the one snapshot case, where MDL may not work. But for the multiple snapshot case both methods can be used