致密油储层毛细管力自发渗吸模型分析

部分致密油井压后关井一段时间,压裂液返排率普遍低于30%,但是致密油气井产量反而越高,这与压裂液毛细管力渗吸排驱原油有关。然而,致密油储层致密,物性差,渗流机理复杂,尚没有形成统一的自发渗吸模型。本文基于油水两相非活塞式渗流理论,建立了压后闷井期间压裂液在毛细管力作用下自发渗吸进入致密油储层的数学模型,采用数值差分方法进行求解,并分析了相关影响因素。结果显示渗吸体积、渗吸前缘移动距离与渗吸时间的平方根呈线性正相关关系,与经典Handy渗吸理论模型预测结果一致,说明毛细管力自发渗吸模型可靠性较高。数值计算结果表明毛细管水相扩散系数是致密储层自发渗吸速率的主控参数,毛细管水相扩散系数越高,自发渗吸速率越大。毛细管水相扩散系数随着含水饱和度先增加后减小;随着束缚水饱和度、油相和水相端点相对渗透率增加而增加;随着相渗特征指数、油水黏度比和残余油饱和度增加而减小。该研究有助于深入认识致密油储层压裂液渗吸机理,对优化返排制度、提高致密油井产量具有重要意义

PVDCrN和CrSiN涂层海水环境腐蚀和磨损行为研究（英文）

为提升316L不锈钢在海水中的耐磨性,本文采用多弧离子镀在316L不锈钢上沉积CrN和CrSiN涂层。涂层系统地进行表征,用浸泡试验和极化测试评价涂层的耐腐蚀性能,用球-盘摩擦方式测试涂层在海水环境中的摩擦学性能。结果表明,CrN涂层的衍射峰有很强的(111)和(200)取向,而CrSiN涂层的这两个峰相对较弱。CrSiN涂层的硬度比CrN涂层略高,且CrSiN涂层表现出更为优越的耐蚀性。CrSiN在海水中的摩擦系数和磨损率相对CrN涂层均有所降低,表明掺杂元素Si有利于提高涂层在海水环境中的摩擦学性能。这两种涂层可有效提升316L在海水中的耐磨性

SnSe热电半导体晶体生长技术创新进展

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基于对称双阴极结构固体氧化物燃料电池的快速热稳定性

研究了基于对称双阴极结构电池堆单元和电池短堆从室温到运行温度的多次快速升降温的热稳定性性能。结果显示:由于新结构电池可进行阴极侧电子收集的2次施压操作,且快速升降温后电池堆单元和电池短堆性能维持稳定并还略有上升。因此,无论是电池堆单元还是电池短堆,该结构的电池具有良好的热稳定性与可拆卸的电子收集功能。这种可承受快速升降温和可拆卸电子收集与2次施压的特性为对称双阴极结构电池的快速启动、重复再利用打下了基础,是大面积固体氧化物燃料电池的新型特性,在某些特殊领域具有较强的应用潜质

Numerical Simulations of Current and Temperature Distribution of Symmetrical Double-Cathode Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stacks Based on the Theory of Electric-Chemical-Thermal Coupling

国家重点研究开发项目No(2018YFB1502600);国家自然科学基金重点项目No(11932005);宁波市重大攻关项目No(2018B10048);浙江省能源集团有限公司科技项目资助No(ZNKJ-2018-008)通讯作者:朱建国,官万兵E-mail:[email protected];[email protected]:ZHUJian-guo,GUANWan-bingE-mail:[email protected];[email protected]. 江苏大学土木工程与力学学院,江苏 镇江2120132. 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所,浙江 宁波 3152013. 同济大学航空航天工程与力学学院,上海 2000924. 哈尔滨工业大学（深圳）理学院,广东 深圳5180555. 浙江浙能技术研究院有限公司,浙江 杭州 3111211. Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China2. Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China3. School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China4. School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China5. Zhejiang Energy Technology Research Institute Company Co. Ltd, Hangzhou 311121, Chin

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials

JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay p→νˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ Searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel