Investigational Drugs for the Treatment of Postherpetic Neuralgia: Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

The pharmacological treatment of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is unsatisfactory, and there is a clinical need for new approaches. Several drugs under advanced clinical development are addressed in this review. A systematic literature search was conducted in three electronic databases (Medline, Web of Science, Scopus) and in the ClinicalTrials.gov register from 1 January 2016 to 1 June 2023 to identify Phase II, III and IV clinical trials evaluating drugs for the treatment of PHN. A total of 18 clinical trials were selected evaluating 15 molecules with pharmacological actions on nine different molecular targets: Angiotensin Type 2 Receptor (AT2R) antagonism (olodanrigan), Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel (VGCC) 2 subunit inhibition (crisugabalin, mirogabalin and pregabalin), Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel (VGSC) blockade (funapide and lidocaine), Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibition (TRK-700), Adaptor-Associated Kinase 1 (AAK1) inhibition (LX9211), Lanthionine Synthetase C-Like Protein (LANCL) activation (LAT8881), N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonism (esketamine), mu opioid receptor agonism (tramadol, oxycodone and hydromorphone) and Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) inhibition (fulranumab). In brief, there are several drugs in advanced clinical development for treating PHN with some of them reporting promising results. AT2R antagonism, AAK1 inhibition, LANCL activation and NGF inhibition are considered first-in-class analgesics. Hopefully, these trials will result in a better clinical management of PHNTraining University Lecturers program (FPU21/02736) of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO

Amber imitation? Two unusual cases of Pinus resin-coated beads in Iberian Late Prehistory (3rd and 2nd millennia BC)

A group of beads from the artificial cave of La Molina (Lora de Estepa, Sevilla) and Cova del Gegant (Sitges, Barcelona) were made from a biogenic raw material and intentionally covered by a layer of resin. This is the first time this type of treatment has been documented on elements of adornment in the Late Prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula. The composition and nature of the coatings are analysed and the symbolic role of such alterations and imitations of prehistoric adornments is discussed.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad HAR2012- 34620, HAR2017-83474-

Primary health care policy and vision for community pharmacy and pharmacists in Spain

From a political and governance perspective Spain is a decentralized country with 17 states [comunidades autónomas] resulting in a governmental structure similar to a federal state. The various state regional health services organizational and management structures are focused on caring for acute illnesses and are dominated by hospitals and technology. In a review by the Interstate Council, a body for intercommunication and cooperation between the state health care services and national government, there is a move to improve health care through an integrative approach between specialized care and primary care at the state level. Community pharmacy does not appear to have a major role in this review. Primary health care is becoming more important and leading the change to improve the roles of the health care teams. Primary care pharmacists as the rest of public health professionals are employed by the respective states and are considered public servants. Total health care expenditure is 9.0% of its GDP with the public health sector accounting for the 71% and the private sector 29% of this expenditure. Community pharmacy contracts with each state health administration for the supply and dispensing of medicines and a very limited number of services. There are approximately 22,000 community pharmacies and 52,000 community pharmacists for a population of 47 million people. All community pharmacies are privately owned with only pharmacists owning a single pharmacy. Pharmacy chain stores are not legally permitted. Community pharmacy practice is based on dispensing of medications and dealing with consumer minor symptoms and requests for nonprescription medications although extensive philosophical deep debates on the conceptual and practical development of new clinical services have resulted in national consensually agreed classifications, definitions and protocolized services. There are a few remunerated services in Spain and these are funded at state, provincial or municipal level. There are no health services approved or funded at a national level. Although the profession promulgates a patient orientated community pharmacy it appears to be reluctant to advocate for a change in the remuneration model. The profession as a whole should reflect on the role of community pharmacy and advocate for a change to practice that is patient orientated alongside the maintenance of its stance on being a medication supplier. The future strategic position of community pharmacy in Spain as a primary health care partner with government would then be enhanced

Robust people detection by fusion of evidence from multiple methods

Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. V. Fernández-Carbajales, M. A. García, and J. M. Martínez, "Robust People Detection by Fusion of Evidence from Multiple Methods", in Ninth International Workshop on Image Analysis for Multimedia Interactive Services, 2008. WIAMIS 2008, p. 55-58.This paper describes and evaluates an algorithm for real-time people detection in video sequences based on the fusion of evidence provided by three simple independent people detectors. Experiments with real video sequences show that the proposed integration-based approach is effective, robust and fast by combining simple algorithms.This work is supported by Cátedra Infoglobal-UAM para “Nuevas tecnologías de vídeo aplicadas a la seguridad”, the Spanish Government (TEC2007- 65400 SemanticVideo) and the Comunidad de Madrid (S-050/TIC-0223 - ProMultiDis-CM)

Integración espacial en el mercado europeo de aceite de oliva

El objetivo de este trabajo es el estudio de la integración espacial del mercado europeo del aceite de oliva, a partir de los niveles de precios de los tres principales productores y comercializadores del producto a nivel mundial (España, Italia y Grecia) entre 1961 y 2007. El análisis se lleva a cabo aplicando la técnica multivalente de cointegracion, identificando tanto relaciones a corto como a largo plazo. Los resultados del análisis de precios muestran que esos mercados de aceite de oliva están altamente integrados, con una transmisión de precios completa de precios a largo plazo, resultando Italia el mercado líder, pese a que la producción española sea con diferencia la más elevada.The aim of this paper is to study the spatial integration of the European olive oil market, from the prices of the three main producers and traders in the world (Spain, Italy and Greece) between 1961 and 2007. The analysis is carried out using multivariate cointegration techniques, identifying the short-run and the long-run relationships. The empirical results show that the three olive oil markets are highly integrated, with a complete price transmission in the long run. They also suggest that Italy is the leader market being Spain the main produce

Integrated valuation of semiarid Mediterranean agroecosystem services and disservices

Agroecosystems are anthropised ecosystems where human activities, mainly agricultural practices, affect the innate functioning, leading to the provision of agroecosystem services (AES) and disservices (AEDS). This study presents a novel and integrated economic valuation of the AES and AEDS provided in a water-scarce Mediterranean area (south-eastern Spain), using a discrete choice experiment. The results reveal the social demand for AES and the disutility of AEDS, as well as the non-linearity in marginal utility for some of these AES and AEDS. Food provision, temperature regulation, leisure and recreation and biodiversity are socially perceived as AES. The water supply for irrigation switches between AES and AEDS depending on its provision level, while groundwater pollution is conceived as one of the AEDS. The integrated non-market value of AES and AEDS reaches 794 €/ha/year for the entire agroecosystem. This work provides guidelines for policy makers in the design of socially supported agricultural policies.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [AGRISERVI: AGL2015-64411-R (MINECO/FEDER)] and the “Fundación Séneca – Region de Murcia” [20912/PI/18]. José A. Zabala acknowledges the financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Personal Training [FPU 16/03473]

Эмбрион человека как социально-правовой критерий оценки соответствия уровня нравственных норм, общественных отношений и социального устройства

HUMAN EMBRYO AS A SOCIO-LEGAL CRITERIA OF EVALUATION OF THE CORRESPONDENCE OF MORAL NORMS, SOCIAL RELATIONS AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE. Y. LITVINTSAVAРассматривается одна из основных актуальных проблем современности в рамках брачно-семейных отношений – феномен правового положения статуса эмбриона человека. Отмечается, что умеренные позиции в обществе относительно признания за человеческим эмбрионом права на жизнь значительно разнятся с современным законодательством, в котором, в сущности, отрицается данный факт. Показано, что пренебрежение человеческими правами на начальном внутриутробном периоде развития плода поспособствует формированию негативного отношения и к человеческой жизни в целом после его рождения. Выступая за фиксацию узаконенного статуса человеческого эмбриона, приходим к выводу о необходимости введения дополнений и преобразований различных отраслей законодательства в вопросе теоретического соотношения понятия «эмбрион человека» к терминам «члены семьи» или «близкие родственники». Для более углубленного понимания содержательной основы этих понятий на основе сравнительного анализа за критерий был взят законодательный опыт стран СНГ.= The legal status of the human embryo is one of the main challenges of the modern marriage and family relations. It should be noted that the moderate position in society towards the recognition of the right of the human embryo to life contradicts the current legislation, which denies this phenomenon. Consequently, the negligence of human rights at the early stage of fetal development will contribute to the formation of a negative attitude towards human life in general after birth. Advocating for the legalizatiоn of the human embryo status, the author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to amend and transform various branches of law in terms of theoretical correlation between the concepts of the “human embryo” and “family members” or “close relatives”. In order to show a more profound meaning of the notions such as “family”, “close relatives” and “family members” the author has conducted comparative analysis of the legislative practice of the CIS countries. The results of the analysis of the foreign legal acts show that the value of the Belarusian termbase shall be improved in terms of theory

Perception welfare assessment of water reuse in competitive categories

The supply of reclaimed water to ecosystems increases their ecosystem service flows, which is directly translated into terms of social welfare. This study explores the factors that determine the different perceptions of the welfare impact of supplying reclaimed water to different, and competitive, ecosystems in the Segura river basin (southern Spain): specifically, an agroecosystem (agricultural irrigation) and a river (higher river flow). the results of a contingent valuation exercise with the population of the Murcia region show four different groups of respondents, depending on their willingness to pay (WTP) preferences. the factors that identify differences among welfare impacts are the age, the gender, the education level, the monthly income, the nearness of the household to the river, and, above all, the degree of satisfaction with funding of water reclamation. this study broadens our knowledge of individuals’ heterogeneous preferences in water reuse options, which is crucial for policy makers in the development of socially accepted and sustainable water resource management strategies.This research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities [AGRISERVI: AGL2015-64411-R (MINECO/FEDER)], the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (FPU 16/03473), and the ‘Fundación Seneca – Region de Murcia’ (19342/PI/14)

Improved Iterative Solution of Linear Fredholm Integral Equations of Second Kind via Inverse-Free Iterative Schemes

[EN] This work is devoted to Fredholm integral equations of second kind with non-separable kernels. Our strategy is to approximate the non-separable kernel by using an adequate Taylor's development. Then, we adapt an already known technique used for separable kernels to our case. First, we study the local convergence of the proposed iterative scheme, so we obtain a ball of starting points around the solution. Then, we complete the theoretical study with the semilocal convergence analysis, that allow us to obtain the domain of existence for the solution in terms of the starting point. In this case, the existence of a solution is deduced. Finally, we illustrate this study with some numerical experiments.This research was partially supported by a grant of the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (Ref. PGC2018-095896-B-C21-C22).Gutiérrez, JM.; Hernández-Verón, MÁ.; Martínez Molada, E. (2020). Improved Iterative Solution of Linear Fredholm Integral Equations of Second Kind via Inverse-Free Iterative Schemes. Mathematics. 8(10):1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/math8101747S113810Argyros, I. K. (1988). On a class of nonlinear integral equations arising in neutron transport. Aequationes Mathematicae, 36(1), 99-111. doi:10.1007/bf01837974Bruns, D. D., & Bailey, J. E. (1977). Nonlinear feedback control for operating a nonisothermal CSTR near an unstable steady state. Chemical Engineering Science, 32(3), 257-264. doi:10.1016/0009-2509(77)80203-0GANESH, M., & JOSHI, M. C. (1991). Numerical Solvability of Hammerstein Integral Equations of Mixed Type. IMA Journal of Numerical Analysis, 11(1), 21-31. doi:10.1093/imanum/11.1.21Anderson, B. D. O., & Kailath, T. (1971). Some Integral Equations with Nonsymmetric Separable Kernels. SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics, 20(4), 659-669. doi:10.1137/0120065Ezquerro, J. A., & Hernández, M. A. (2004). A modification of the convergence conditions for Picard’s iteration. Computational & Applied Mathematics, 23(1). doi:10.1590/s0101-82052004000100003Amat, S., Ezquerro, J. A., & Hernández-Verón, M. A. (2013). Approximation of inverse operators by a new family of high-order iterative methods. Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications, 21(5), 629-644. doi:10.1002/nla.1917Barikbin, M. S., Vahidi, A. R., Damercheli, T., & Babolian, E. (2020). An iterative shifted Chebyshev method for nonlinear stochastic Itô–Volterra integral equations. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 378, 112912. doi:10.1016/j.cam.2020.112912Rabbani, M., Das, A., Hazarika, B., & Arab, R. (2020). Existence of solution for two dimensional nonlinear fractional integral equation by measure of noncompactness and iterative algorithm to solve it. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 370, 112654. doi:10.1016/j.cam.2019.11265

Qué referencias bibliográficas han sido utilizadas en orientación vocacional. Un estudio a través de la Revista Española de Orientación y Psicopedagogía (1990-2006)

XV Congreso Internacional INFADThe purpose of this paper is to conduct a study of the reference documents most widely used by the authors who have published their articles on vocational guidance in Revista Española de Orientación y Psicopedagogía (REOP), this being the most representative journal in the field of vocational guidance in Spain since it is the organ of information dissemination of the Spanish Guidance and Psychopedagogy Association. By taking into consideration the “Bibliographic References” scientometric indicator, we created a scientometric card. From this card, we present the results corresponding to “reference document”, where we consider authors, type of document and language of publication. The results allow us to know which authors are more influential in our country in the field of vocational guidance, as well as the documents most widely consulted and used in this field.El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un estudio de los Documentos de Referencia que han sido más utilizados por los autores que han publicado sus artículos sobre Orientación Vocacional en la Revista Española de Orientación y Psicopedagogía, ya que esta viene a ser la más representativa en el campo de Orientación Vocacional en nuestro país, como órgano de difusión de la Asociación Española de Orientación y Psicopedagogía. Teniendo en cuenta el Indicador Cientimétrico “Referencias Bibliográficas”, llevamos a cabo la elaboración de la ficha cientimétrica. De ella presentamos los resultados correspondientes a “Documento de Referencia”, teniendo en cuenta los autores, tipo de documento e idioma de publicación. Esto nos permiten conocer cuales son los autores que ejercen más influencia en nuestro país en el campo de la Orientación Vocacional, así como los documentos que son más consultados y utilizados en este campo