The Analysis of Data Management, a Case Study of a Government Information System in Thailand

In this paper, we present our analysis of data management, a case study of a government information system in Thailand. The case study information system has been implemented and developed to collect data for monitoring and surveillance of social problems. The system has been employed by many government agencies. However, there have been some issues of data management. In this research, we analyzed the issues and requirements of the system by conducing in-depth interviews and focus groups which are divided into three groups: top management, user, and system administrative. According to the analysis, the problems of the system consist of six main factors: management and policy, software, infrastructure and hardware, process, people, and data. The solution and guideline of the system are proposed. Moreover, we suggest the system architecture which consists of three tiers: physical layer, service broker, and application layer. The results can be applied for improving the system, and can be a guideline for managing data in other information systems

Determining the representative factors affecting warning message dissemination in VANETs

In this paper, we present a statistical analysis based on the 2k factorial methodology to determine the representative factors affecting traffic safety applications in Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). Our purpose is to determine what are the key factors affecting Warning Message Dissemination (WMD) in order to concentrate on such parameters, thus reducing the amount of required simulation time when evaluating VANETs. Simulation results show that the key factors affecting warning messages delivery are: (i) the transmission range, (ii) the radio propagation model used, and (iii) the density of vehicles. Based on this statistical analysis, we evaluate a compound key factor: neighbor density. This factor combines the above-mentioned factors into a single entity, reducing the number of factors that must be taken into account for VANET researchers to evaluate the benefits of their proposals.This work was partially supported by the Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Spain, under Grant TIN2008-06441-C02-01, and by the Fundacion Antonio Gargallo, under Grant 2009/B001.Martínez Domínguez, FJ.; Toh, CK.; Cano Escribá, JC.; Tavares De Araujo Cesariny Calafate, CM.; Manzoni, P. (2012). Determining the representative factors affecting warning message dissemination in VANETs. Wireless Personal Communications. 67(2):295-314. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-010-9989-4S295314672Eichler, S. (2007). Performance evaluation of the IEEE 802.11p WAVE communication standard. In Proceedings of the vehicular technology conference (VTC-2007 Fall), USA.Fall, K., & Varadhan, K. (2000). ns notes and documents. The VINT Project. UC Berkeley, LBL, USC/ISI, and Xerox PARC. Available at http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/ns-documentation.html .Fasolo, E., Zanella, A., & Zorzi, M. (2006). An effective broadcast scheme for alert message propagation in vehicular ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications, Istambul, Turkey.Korkmaz, G., Ekici, E., Ozguner, F., & Ozguner, U. (2004). Urban multi-hop broadcast protocols for inter-vehicle communication systems. In Proceedings of First ACM Workshop on Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET 2004).Martinez, F. J., Toh, C.-K., Cano, J.-C., Calafate, C. T., & Manzoni, P. (2009). Realistic radio propagation models (RPMs) for VANET simulations. In IEEE wireless communications and networking conference (WCNC), Budapest, Hungary.Martinez, F. J., Cano, J.-C., Calafate, C. T., & Manzoni, P. (2008). CityMob: A mobility model pattern generator for VANETs. In IEEE vehicular networks and applications workshop (Vehi-Mobi, held with ICC), Beijing, China.Martinez, F. J., Cano, J.-C., Calafate, C. T., & Manzoni, P. (2009). A performance evaluation of warning message dissemination in 802.11p based VANETs. In IEEE local computer networks conference (LCN 2009), Zürich, Switzerland.Torrent-Moreno, M., Santi, P., & Hartenstein, H. (2005). Fair sharing of bandwidth in VANETs. In Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international workshop on vehicular ad hoc networks, Germany.Tseng Y.-C., Ni S.-Y., Chen Y.-S., Sheu J.-P. (2002) The broadcast storm problem in a mobile ad hoc network. Wireless Networks 8: 153–167Wisitpongphan N., Tonguz O., Parikh J., Mudalige P., Bai F., Sadekar V. (2007) Broadcast storm mitigation techniques in vehicular ad hoc networks. Wireless Communications IEEE 14(6): 84–94. doi: 10.1109/MWC.2007.4407231Yang, X., Liu, J., Zhao, F., & Vaidya, N. H. (2004). A vehicle-to-vehicle communication protocol for cooperative collision warning. In Proceedings of the first annual international conference on mobile and ubiquitous systems: Networking and services (MobiQuitous’04).Yoon, J., Liu, M., & Noble, B. (2003). Random waypoint considered harmful. Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOMM 2003, San Francisco, California, USA.Zang, Y., Stibor, L., Cheng, X., Reumerman, H.-J., Paruzel, A., & Barroso, A. (2007). Congestion control in wireless networks for vehicular safety applications. In Proceedings of the 8th European Wireless Conference, Paris, France

Using topology and neighbor information to overcome adverse vehicle density conditions

Vehicular networks supporting cooperative driving on the road have attracted much attention due to the plethora of new possibilities they offer to modern Intelligent Transportation Systems. However, research works regarding vehicular networks usually obviate assessing their proposals in scenarios including adverse vehicle densities, i.e., density values that significantly differ from the average values, despite such densities can be quite common in real urban environments (e.g. traffic jams). In this paper, we study the effect of these hostile conditions on the performance of different schemes providing warning message dissemination. The goal of these schemes is to maximize message delivery effectiveness, something difficult to achieve in adverse density scenarios. In addition, we propose the Neighbor Store and Forward (NSF) scheme, designed to be used under low density conditions, and the Nearest Junction Located (NJL) scheme, specially developed for high density conditions. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposals are able to outperform existing warning message dissemination schemes in urban environments under adverse vehicle density conditions. In particular, NSF reduces the warning notification time in low vehicle density scenarios, while increasing up to 23.3% the percentage of informed vehicles. As for high vehicle density conditions, NJL is able to inform the same percentage of vehicles than other existing approaches, while reducing the number of messages up to 46.73%This work was partially supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, Spain, under Grant TIN2011-27543-C03-01, by the Fundacion Universitaria Antonio Gargallo and the Obra Social de Ibercaja, under Grant 2013/B010, as well as the Government of Aragon and the European Social Fund (T91 Research Group).Sanguesa, JA.; Fogue, M.; Garrido, P.; Martinez, FJ.; Cano Escribá, JC.; Tavares De Araujo Cesariny Calafate, CM. (2014). Using topology and neighbor information to overcome adverse vehicle density conditions. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies. 42:1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2014.02.010S1134

A survey on probabilistic broadcast schemes for wireless ad hoc networks

Broadcast or flooding is a dissemination technique of paramount importance in wireless ad hoc networks. The broadcast scheme is widely used within routing protocols by a wide range of wireless ad hoc networks such as mobile ad hoc networks, vehicular ad hoc networks, and wireless sensor networks, and used to spread emergency messages in critical scenarios after a disaster scenario and/or an accidents. As the type broadcast scheme used plays an important role in the performance of the network, it has to be selected carefully. Though several types of broadcast schemes have been proposed, probabilistic broadcast schemes have been demonstrated to be suitable schemes for wireless ad hoc networks due to a range of benefits offered by them such as low overhead, balanced energy consumption, and robustness against failures and mobility of nodes. In the last decade, many probabilistic broadcast schemes have been proposed by researchers. In addition to reviewing the main features of the probabilistic schemes found in the literature, we also present a classification of the probabilistic schemes, an exhaustive review of the evaluation methodology including their performance metrics, types of network simulators, their comparisons, and present some examples of real implementations, in this paper

Identifying the key factors affecting warning message dissemination in VANET real urban scenarios

[EN] In recent years, new architectures and technologies have been proposed for Vehicular Ad Hoc networks (VANETs). Due to the cost and complexity of deploying such networks, most of these proposals rely on simulation. However, we find that most of the experiments made to validate these proposals tend to overlook the most important and representative factors. Moreover, the scenarios simulated tend to be very simplistic (highways or Manhattan-based layouts), which could seriously affect the validity of the obtained results. In this paper, we present a statistical analysis based on the 2 k factorial methodology to determine the most representative factors affecting traffic safety applications under real roadmaps. Our purpose is to determine which are the key factors affecting Warning Message Dissemination in order to concentrate research tests on such parameters, thus avoiding unnecessary simulations and reducing the amount of simulation time required. Simulation results show that the key factors affecting warning messages delivery are the density of vehicles and the roadmap used. Based on this statistical analysis, we consider that VANET researchers must evaluate the benefits of their proposals using different vehicle densities and city scenarios, to obtain a broad perspective on the effectiveness of their solution. Finally, since city maps can be quite heterogeneous, we propose a roadmap profile classification to further reduce the number of cities evaluatedThis work was partially supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, Spain, under Grant TIN2011-27543-C03-01, and by the Diputacion General de Aragon, under Grant "subvenciones destinadas a la formacion y contratacion de personal investigador".Fogue, M.; Garrido, P.; Martínez, FJ.; Cano Escribá, JC.; Tavares De Araujo Cesariny Calafate, CM.; Manzoni, P. (2013). Identifying the key factors affecting warning message dissemination in VANET real urban scenarios. Sensors. 13(4):5220-5250. https://doi.org/10.3390/s130405220S52205250134Galaviz-Mosqueda, G., Aquino-Santos, R., Villarreal-Reyes, S., Rivera-Rodríguez, R., Villaseñor-González, L., & Edwards, A. (2012). Reliable Freestanding Position-Based Routing in Highway Scenarios. Sensors, 12(11), 14262-14291. doi:10.3390/s121114262Gramaglia, M., Bernardos, C., & Calderon, M. (2013). Virtual Induction Loops Based on Cooperative Vehicular Communications. Sensors, 13(2), 1467-1476. doi:10.3390/s130201467Rahim, A., Khan, Z. S., Muhaya, F. T. B., Sher, M., & Kim, T.-H. (2010). Sensor Based Framework for Secure Multimedia Communication in VANET. Sensors, 10(11), 10146-10154. doi:10.3390/s101110146Martinez, F. J., Fogue, M., Toh, C. K., Cano, J.-C., Calafate, C. T., & Manzoni, P. (2012). Computer Simulations of VANETs Using Realistic City Topologies. Wireless Personal Communications, 69(2), 639-663. doi:10.1007/s11277-012-0594-6Cenerario, N., Delot, T., & Ilarri, S. (2011). A Content-Based Dissemination Protocol for VANETs: Exploiting the Encounter Probability. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 12(3), 771-782. doi:10.1109/tits.2011.2158821Sahoo, J., Wu, E. H.-K., Sahu, P. K., & Gerla, M. (2011). Binary-Partition-Assisted MAC-Layer Broadcast for Emergency Message Dissemination in VANETs. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 12(3), 757-770. doi:10.1109/tits.2011.2159003Liu, C., & Chigan, C. (2012). RPB-MD: Providing robust message dissemination for vehicular ad hoc networks. Ad Hoc Networks, 10(3), 497-511. doi:10.1016/j.adhoc.2011.09.003Perkins, D. D., & Hughes, H. (2002). Investigating the performance of TCP in mobile ad hoc networks. Computer Communications, 25(11-12), 1132-1139. doi:10.1016/s0140-3664(02)00024-5Fogue, M., Garrido, P., Martinez, F. J., Cano, J.-C., Calafate, C. T., & Manzoni, P. (2012). Evaluating the impact of a novel message dissemination scheme for vehicular networks using real maps. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 25, 61-80. doi:10.1016/j.trc.2012.04.017Sanguesa, J., Fogue, M., Garrido, P., Martinez, F., Cano, J.-C., Calafate, C., & Manzoni, P. (2013). An Infrastructureless Approach to Estimate Vehicular Density in Urban Environments. Sensors, 13(2), 2399-2418. doi:10.3390/s130202399Tseng, Y.-C., Ni, S.-Y., Chen, Y.-S., & Sheu, J.-P. (2002). Wireless Networks, 8(2/3), 153-167. doi:10.1023/a:1013763825347Wisitpongphan, N., Tonguz, O. K., Parikh, J. S., Mudalige, P., Bai, F., & Sadekar, V. (2007). Broadcast storm mitigation techniques in vehicular ad hoc networks. IEEE Wireless Communications, 14(6), 84-94. doi:10.1109/mwc.2007.4407231Alasmary, W., & Zhuang, W. (2012). Mobility impact in IEEE 802.11p infrastructureless vehicular networks. Ad Hoc Networks, 10(2), 222-230. doi:10.1016/j.adhoc.2010.06.006Harri, J., Filali, F., & Bonnet, C. (2009). Mobility models for vehicular ad hoc networks: a survey and taxonomy. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 11(4), 19-41. doi:10.1109/surv.2009.090403Simulation of Urban MObility (SUMO)http://sumo.sourceforge.nethttp://www.openstreetmap.orghttp://www.census.gov/geo/www/tigerKrauss, S., Wagner, P., & Gawron, C. (1997). Metastable states in a microscopic model of traffic flow. Physical Review E, 55(5), 5597-5602. doi:10.1103/physreve.55.5597Wagner, P. (2006). How human drivers control their vehicle. The European Physical Journal B, 52(3), 427-431. doi:10.1140/epjb/e2006-00300-1ns Notes and Documentshttp://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/ns-documentation.htm

Reliability and quality of service of an off-grid wind powered roadside unit in a motorway vehicular environment

Wind-powered base stations and roadside units have been considered as a cost effective greening solution in windy countries which also have limited solar irradiation. The practicality of such a system increases significantly in sparse areas such as countryside and motorways. The deployment of standalone off-grid wind powered roadside units could alleviate the common issues related to grid connected renewable energy farms. Hence, there is need to study the feasibility of an off-grid wind powered roadside unit for seamless connectivity. Unlike the conventional usage of reliability analysis of fault-tolerant systems, in this paper, reliability is redefined in the context of availability of intermittent wind for powering a roadside unit (RSU) in a UK motorway vehicular environment. Transient analysis of energy consumption (energy demand) of the RSU and harnessed wind energy are carried out along with real measurements for developing respective generic energy models. Further, a generalised methodology is developed to determine the minimum battery size for achieving a certain reliability standard and quality of service. Several reliability indices such as loss of load probability (LOLP), loss of load expectation (LOLE), energy index of reliability (EIR), mean time between failures (MTBF), mean time to recovery (MTTR), forced outage rate (FOR), etc. are obtained for the RSU. The performance results reveal that with a standard micro-turbine and a reasonably small battery, an RSU achieves a good reliability of 99.9% with significant improvement in the quality of service

Abnormal Activity Detection and Notification Platform for Real-Time Ad Hoc Network

As aging society era is getting near, number of elders who live alone is increasing. These people often need special care. Due to this reason, we propose Abnormal Activity Detection and Notification Platform (AADN) for Real-Time Ad Hoc Network which can help taking care of these people. The proposed platform relies on human tracking using cameras that are installed in different rooms inside the house. AADN will take as input images from the cameras to process and output activity in the form of human pose and objects with their relative distant to the detected human. Relationship Degree of Human Object Interaction (RD-HOI) will be analyzed every minute and be used to distinguish abnormal behavior by means of decision tree. In addition, activities will be used to generate routine behavior log and AADN will notify the person in charge of taking care of the subject if the detected activity differs from the routine. The proposed platform can achieve human pose accuracy of up to 99.66% by using COCO with VGG-NB model and can correctly identify object 68% of the time. Our experiments showed that AADN could notify abnormal activity by using RD-HOI when human and harmful objects were clearly visible in the picture and could correctly notify abnormal activity when time spent in a certain activity differed from the routine by a certain threshold given sufficient amount of data