Detección por el satélite LANDSAT-4 de los efectos de la riada del 8-XI-82 en el río Segre

Por medio de técnicas de tratamiento de imágenes digitales se realiza un estudio de los efectos producidos por una inundación ocurrida a finales del año 1982 en el valle del río Segre, en Catalunya, a partir de la información multiespectral captada por el sensor TM del satélite LANDSAT-4. Utilizando un programa de clasificación no supervisada basado en la distancia euclídea, se diferencian cuatro tipos de suelo o de cubiertas en el área de estudio (3.8 x 2.3 km). Se efectúa un análisis cuantitativo de la calidad de los resultados, usando como referencia la información obtenida en un estudio de campo. Este análisis muestra un alto grado de correspondencia entre el mapa de campo (verdad terreno) y la cartografía realizada a partir de los datos multiespectrales

Detección por el satélite LANDSAT-4 de los efectos de la riada del 8-XI-82 en el río Segre

Por medio de técnicas de tratamiento de imágenes digitales se realiza un estudio de los efectos producidos por una inundación ocurrida a finales del año 1982 en el valle del río Segre, en Catalunya, a partir de la información multiespectral captada por el sensor TM del satélite LANDSAT-4. Utilizando un programa de clasificación no supervisada basado en la distancia euclídea, se diferencian cuatro tipos de suelo o de cubiertas en el área de estudio (3.8 x 2.3 km). Se efectúa un análisis cuantitativo de la calidad de los resultados, usando como referencia la información obtenida en un estudio de campo. Este análisis muestra un alto grado de correspondencia entre el mapa de campo (verdad terreno) y la cartografía realizada a partir de los datos multiespectrales

Stratigraphy of an archaeological dwelling in the middle eastern basin of El Alto-Ancasti (Catamarca, Argentina)

Este artículo traza la trayectoria biográfica de una vivienda arqueológica situada temporalmente en la segunda mitad del primer milenio DC. Dicho análisis busca aportar al conocimiento del rol de los espacios domésticos en la estructuración, producción y reproducción de la vida aldeana en la cuenca media de la vertiente oriental de Sierra de El Alto-Ancasti (Catamarca, Argentina), en la que se ubica el caso de estudio. La reconstrucción de la secuencia de estratigrafía arqueológica permite observar un proceso dinámico de producción de los espacios de vivienda, donde un mismo recinto puede ser cocina, cobertizo, espacio de actividades múltiples a cielo abierto, basural o recinto techado. Al final del trabajo se expone la lógica y la temporalidad implicada en la producción de los espacios de la casa y su participación en la producción de los paisajes aldeanos hallados en la región de estudio.This article traces the biographical trajectory of an archaeological dwelling temporarily located in the second half of the first millennium AD. This analysis seeks to contribute to the knowledge of the role of domestic spaces in the structuring, production and reproduction of village life in the middle basin of the eastern slope of Sierra de El Alto-Ancasti (Catamarca, Argentina), where the case of study is placed. The reconstruction of the archaeological stratigraphic sequence shows a dynamic process of production of housing spaces, where the same enclosure can become a kitchen, a shed, an open space for multiple activities, a garbage dump or a roofed enclosure. At the end of the work, the logic and temporality involved in the production of the spaces of the house and its participation in the production of the village landscapes found in the study region is presented.Fil: Quiroga Viñas, Josefina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Catamarca. Universidad Nacional de Catamarca. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Catamarca; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet Noa Sur. Instituto Regional de Estudios Socio-culturales. - Universidad Nacional de Catamarca. Instituto Regional de Estudios Socio-culturales.; ArgentinaFil: Gastaldi, Marcos Roman. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba; Argentin

Osteoarthritis and the Mediterranean Diet: A Systematic Review

Osteoarthritis (OA) affects 240 million people globally. Few studies have examined the links between osteoarthritis and the Mediterranean diet (MD). The aim of this paper was to systematically review and analyze the epidemiological evidence in humans on the MD and its association with OA. A systematic search of EMBASE identified three studies that explored the association between MD and OA. Two of them were cross-sectional and the third one was a 16-week randomized clinical trial. Prisma declaration was followed to carry out this review. These studies described a positive association between a higher adherence to a MD and the quality of life of participants suffering OA. The prevalence of OA was lower in participants with a higher adherence to a Mediterranean diet. Biomarkers of inflammation and cartilage degradation related to OA were also analyzed and significant differences were detected only for IL1-, which decreased in the MD group. Exploring the relationship between MD and OA is complex, moreover, the limited evidence and methodological differences in such studies makes it difficult to compare results. In conclusion, the three studies included in this systematic review demonstrated some relation between osteoarthritis and a Mediterranean diet. However, prospective and longer interventions are required to evaluate the long-term efficacy of the Mediterranean diet to improve symptomatology and preventing osteoarthritis

Actividad física en la población infantil y juvenil española en el tiempo libre. Estudio enKid (1998-2000)

Introducción y objetivos: La práctica regular de actividad física se ha convertido en uno de los objetivos principales de los planes de salud pública debido a su relación con la prevención de numerosas enfermedades crónicas. La infancia y la adolescencia son momentos clave para iniciar el hábito del ejercicio físico. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un análisis descriptivo de la práctica de actividad física en el tiempo libre y los factores socioeconómicos que influyen en ella en una muestra representativa de la población infantil y juvenil española. Métodos: Se estudiaron 3.185 individuos de 2 a 24 años a los que se administró un cuestionario sobre actividad física y variables socioeconómicas. Resultados: Alrededor del 70% de los niños y adolescentes españoles no realizan actividad física regular en su tiempo libre, especialmente las chicas. Con la edad, se produce un aumento de la actividad física hasta los 10-13 años, a partir de entonces disminuye su práctica. El nivel socioeconómico y el nivel de estudios de la madre influyen positivamente en el grado de actividad física de la población. Conclusiones: El ejercicio físico en el tiempo libre no es un hábito en la mayoría de la población infantil y juvenil española. Las campañas de salud dirigidas a su promoción deben tener en cuenta las variables socioeconómicas que influyen en su práctica y mejorar la disponibilidad de instalaciones deportivas o recreativas de manera que toda la población tenga acceso a ellas

Activitat física en la població infantil i juvenil espanyola en el temps de lleure. Estudi enKid (1998-2000)

Introducció i objectius: La pràctica regular d'activitat física ha esdevingut un dels objectius principals dels plans de salut pública a causa de la seva relació amb la prevenció de nombroses malalties cròniques. La infància i l'adolescència són moments claus per iniciar l'hàbit de l'exercici físic. L'objectiu d'aquest treball és fer una anàlisis descriptiva de la pràctica d'activitat física en el temps de lleure i els factors socioeconòmics que hi incideixen en una mostra representativa de la població infantil i juvenil espanyola. Mètodes: Es van estudiar 3.185 individus de 2 a 24 anys, als quals es va administrar un qüestionari sobre activitat física i variables socioeconòmiques. Resultats: Al voltant del 70% dels nens i adolescents espanyols no fan activitat física regular durant el seu temps de lleure, especialment les noies. Amb l'edat, es produeix un augment de l'activitat física fins als 10-13 anys, moment a partir del qual la pràctica minva. El nivell socioeconòmic i el nivell d'estudis de la mare tenen una influència positiva en el grau d'activitat física de la població. Conclusions: L'exercici físic en el temps de lleure no és un hàbit en la majoria de la població infantil i juvenil espanyola. Les campanyes de salut adreçades a promoure-la han de tenir en compte les variables socioeconòmiques que incideixen en aquesta pràctica i millorar la disponibilitat d'instal·lacions esportives o recreatives, a fi que tota la població hi tingui accés

Incidence of COVID-19 in patients exposed to chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine: results from a population-based prospective cohort in Catalonia, Spain, 2020

Background: Several clinical trials have assessed the protective potential of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine. Chronic exposure to such drugs might lower the risk of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Aim: To assess COVID-19 incidence and risk of hospitalisation in a cohort of patients chronically taking chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine. Methods: We used linked health administration databases to follow a cohort of patients with chronic prescription of hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine and a control cohort matched by age, sex and primary care service area, between 1 January and 30 April 2020. COVID-19 cases were identified using International Classification of Diseases 10 codes. Results: We analysed a cohort of 6,746 patients (80% female) with active prescriptions for hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, and 13,492 controls. During follow-up, there were 97 (1.4%) COVID-19 cases in the exposed cohort and 183 (1.4%) among controls. The incidence rate was very similar between the two groups (12.05 vs 11.35 cases/100,000 person-days). The exposed cohort was not at lower risk of infection compared with controls (hazard ratio (HR): 1.08; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.83–1.44; p=0.50). Forty cases (0.6%) were admitted to hospital in the exposed cohort and 50 (0.4%) in the control cohort, suggesting a higher hospitalisation rate in the former, though differences were not confirmed after adjustment (HR: 1·46; 95% CI: 0.91–2.34; p=0.10). Conclusions: Patients chronically exposed to chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine did not differ in risk of COVID-19 nor hospitalisation, compared with controls. As controls were mainly female, findings might not be generalisable to a male population

Results From Spain’s 2022 Para Report Cards on Physical Activity of Children and Adolescents With Disabilities

This report aims to provide a better understanding of physical activity (PA) and related factors among Spanish children and adolescents living with disabilities. The 10 indicators used for the Global Matrix on Para Report Cards of children and adolescents living with disabilities were evaluated based on the best available data in Spain. An analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats based on data provision was drafted by three experts and critically reviewed by the authorship team to provide a national perspective for each evaluated indicator. Government was the indicator with the highest grade (C+), followed by Sedentary Behaviors (C−), School (D), Overall PA (D−), and Community & Environment (F). The remaining indicators received an incomplete grade. There were low levels of PA in Spanish children and adolescents living with disabilities. Yet, opportunities to improve the current surveillance of PA among this population exist.9 página

Salivary cardiac-enriched FHL2-interacting protein is associated with higher diastolic-to-systolic-blood pressure ratio, sedentary time and center of pressure displacement in healthy 7-9 years old school-children

IntroductionCardiac-enriched FHL2-interacting protein (CEFIP) is a recently identified protein, first found in the z-disc of striated muscles, and related to cardiovascular diseases. Our objectives are: 1) to quantify CEFIP in saliva in healthy 7-9 years old school-children; and 2) to assess the associations of salivary CEFIP concentration and blood pressure, physical (in)activity and physical fitness in these children.MethodsA total of 72 children (7.6 ± 0.3 years) were included in the study, recruited in primary schools in Girona (Spain). A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used (abx506878; Abbexa, United Kingdom) to quantify CEFIP in saliva. Anthropometric evaluation was performed [body mass, height and body mass index (BMI)]. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured by means of an electronic oscillometer and the diastolic-to-systolic blood pressure ratio (D/S BP ratio) was calculated. Physical (in)activity [sedentary time and time spent in physical activity (PA)] were assessed by means of a triaxial Actigraph GT3X accelerometer (Actigraph, Pensacola, FL, USA) that children were instructed to wear for 24h during 7 conssecutive days. Finally, physical fitness (speed and agility, explosive power of legs, handgrip strength, flexibility and balance) were assessed through validated and standardized testing batteries.ResultsCEFIP was easily detected and measured in all saliva samples (mean concentration: 0.6 ± 0.2 pg/ml). Salivary CEFIP was positively associated with D/S BP ratio (r=0.305, p=0.010) and sedentary time (r=0.317, p=0.012), but negatively associated with PA in 7-9 years old school-children (r=-0.350, p=0.002). Furthermore, salivary CEFIP was related to lower level of balance i.e., higher center of pressure (CoP) displacement in these children (r=0.411, p<0.001). The associations of salivary CEFIP with D/S BP ratio (Beta=0.349, p=0.004), sedentary time (Beta=0.354, p=0.009) and CoP displacement (Beta=0.401, p=0.001), were maintained significant after adjustment for potential confounding variables such as age, gender and BMI in linear regression analyses.ConclusionCEFIP can be easily assessed in saliva as a promising biomarker associated with cardiovascular health in 7-9 years old school-children. Interestingly, higher salivary CEFIP concentration was related to higher D/S BP ratio, more sedentary time and higher CoP displacement i.e., lower level of balance in these children

Activity-related typologies and longitudinal change in physical activity and sedentary time in children and adolescents: The UP&DOWN Study

Background: Children and adolescents can be distinguished by different typologies (clusters) of physical activity and sedentary behavior. How physical activity and sedentary behaviors change over time within different typologies is not known. This study examined longitudinal changes in physical activity and sedentary time among children and adolescents with different baseline typologies of activity-related behavior. Methods: In this longitudinal study (3 annual time points) of children (n = 600, age = 9.2 +/- 0.4 years (mean +/- SD), 50.3% girls) and adolescents (n = 1037, age = 13.6 +/- 1.7 years, 48.4% girls), participants were recruited in Spain in 2011 - 2012. Latent class analyses identified typologies based on self-reported screen, educational, social and relaxing sedentary behaviors, active travel, muscle strengthening activity, and sport at baseline. Within each typology, linear mixed growth models explored longitudinal changes in accelerometer-derived moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary time, as well as time by class interactions. Results: Three typologies were identified among children ("social screenies", 12.8%; "exercisers", 61.5%; and "non-sporty active commuters", 25.7%) and among adolescents ("active screenies", 43.5%; "active academics", 35.0%; and "non-sporty active commuters", 21.5%) at baseline. Sedentary time increased within each typology among children and adolescents, with no significant differences between typologies. No changes in physical activity were found in any typology among children. In adolescents, physical activity declined within all typologies, with "non-sporty active commuters" declining significantly more than "active screenies" over 3 years. Conclusion: These results support the need for intervention to promote physical activity and prevent increases in sedentary time during childhood and adolescence. Adolescents characterized as "non-sporty active commuters" may require specific interventions to maintain their physical activity over time.This work was supported by the National Plan for Research, Development and Innovation (RDi) Ministry of Science and Innovation (DEP 2010-21662-C04-00). DSO was awarded a "Juan de la Cierva" postdoctoral fellowship (FJCI-2015-25867) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness. IEC is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (RTI2018-095284-J-100) and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RYC2019-027287-I)