Fault diagnosis and process monitoring through model-based case based reasoning

In this paper, we present a method for the fault detection and isolation based on the residual generation coupled with a case based reasoning approach. The main idea is to reconstruct the outputs of the system from the measurement using the extended Kalman filter. The estimations completed with qualitative information are included in a Case Based Reasoning system in order to discriminate the possible faults and to have a reliable diagnosis. The reference model is simulated by the dynamic hybrid simulator, PrODHyS. The use of this method is illustrated through an application in the field of chemical proces

Model based fault diagnosis for hybrid systems : application on chemical processes

The complexity and the size of the industrial chemical processes induce the monitoring of a growing number of process variables. Their knowledge is generally based on the measurements of system variables and on the physico-chemical models of the process. Nevertheless, this information is imprecise because of process and measurement noise. So the research ways aim at developing new and more powerful techniques for the detection of process fault. In this work, we present a method for the fault detection based on the comparison between the real system and the reference model evolution generated by the extended Kalman filter. The reference model is simulated by the dynamic hybrid simulator, PrODHyS. It is a general object-oriented environment which provides common and reusable components designed for the development and the management of dynamic simulation of industrial systems. The use of this method is illustrated through a didactic example relating to the field of Chemical Process System Engineering

Surveillance des Systèmes Dynamiques Hybrides : Application aux procédés

Ces travaux présentent une méthodologie de détection et localisation de défauts pour la surveillance des Systèmes Dynamiques Hybrides. La méthodologie développée repose sur une approche mixte qui combine une méthode à base de modèles pour la détection de fautes et une approche à partir de données de reconnaissance de formes pour l’indentification de la ou les faute(s). Elle se décompose en trois grandes étapes :\ud - La première étape consiste en la reconstruction de l’état à partir d’un filtre de Kalman étendu et en la génération de résidus par comparaison de l’état reconstruit à celui obtenu par la simulation en parallèle du modèle de référence ;\ud - La seconde étape réside dans l’exploitation des résidus générés précédemment pour la construction d’une structure plus complexe, les signatures (non binaires);\ud - La troisième et dernière étape s’apparente à la résolution d’un problème de reconnaissance de formes dans lequel la signature générée est comparée à une matrice d’incidence (signatures de défauts théoriques) au sens d’une distance.\ud Cette approche a été intégrée au sein de la plate-forme de simulation PrODHyS, au travers du développement du module PrODHySAEM. Son utilisation est illustrée par l’étude de problèmes de diagnostic dans le domaine des procédés. ________________________________________________________________________________________ These works present a fault detection and isolation methodology for the monitoring of Hybrid Dynamic Systems. The developed methodology rests on a mixed approach which combines a model-based method for the fault detection and an approach based on data (pattern matching) for the identification of fault(s). It is divided into three parts :\ud - The first part concerns the reconstruction of the state of the system, thanks to the Extended Kalman Filter and the generation of the residuals by comparison between the predicted behavior (obtained thanks to the simulation of the reference model) and the real observed behavior (estimated by the Extended Kalman Filter). \ud - The second part exploits these residuals for the generation of a complex structure: the non binary signatures. \ud - The last part deals with the diagnosis of the fault and is based on a problem of pattern matching: the signature obtained in the previous part is compared with the theoretical fault signatures by means of distance. \ud This methodology is integrated within the simulation platform PrODHyS, through the development of the module PrODHySAEM. Its use is illustrated by the studies of diagnosis problems in the field of Chemical Process System Engineering.\ud \u

Towards the modelling of a heat-exchanger reactor by a dynamic approach

The aim of this paper is to present the development of a simulation tool in order to assess the inherently safe characteristics of a heat‐exchanger reactor(HEX) operating reaction systems. The modelling of steady and transient states of a HEX reactor is performed following a hybrid dynamic approach. The global dynamic behaviour of this reactor can be represented by several continuous models, which are bounded by state or time events. Each continuous model is defined as a system of partial differential‐algebraic equations. The numerical scheme is based on the method of lines. Special attention is paid to the model initialization and a simulation strategy of the start‐up phase is presented. The validation of the model is made by numerous examples, such as the simulation of an exothermic reaction

Safety enhancement by transposition of the nitration of toluene from semi-batch reactor to continuous intensified heat exchanger reactor

The behaviour of a continuous intensified heat exchanger (HEX) reactor in case of process failure is analysed and compared to the behaviour of a semi-continuous reactor. The nitration of toluene is considered as test reaction to identify the main failure scenarios that can lead to thermal runaway in both processes using the HAZOP method.No flow rate of process fluid and utility fluid in the continuous process. No stirring during feeding of the reactor followed by normal stirring for the semi-continuous reactor. These scenarios are simulated for both processes and the temperature profiles are observed. This study shows that the temperature is better controlled in the continuous process because of the intrinsic characteristics of the HEX reactor. In fact, this device has a low reactive volume relative to the mass of the reactor, allowing a good dissipation of the heat produced by the reaction, even in case of failure. This characteristic of the intensified reactor is confirmed by an experimental work

Integration of a failure monitoring within a hybrid dynamic simulation environment

The complexity and the size of the industrial chemical processes induce the monitoring of a growing number of process variables. Their knowledge is generally based on the measurements of system variables and on the physico-chemical models of the process. Nevertheless this information is imprecise because of process and measurement noise. So the research ways aim at developing new and more powerful techniques for the detection of process fault. In this work, we present a method for the fault detection based on the comparison between the real system and the reference model evolution generated by the extended Kalman filter. The reference model is simulated by the dynamic hybrid simulator, PrODHyS. It is a general object-oriented environment which provides common and reusable components designed for the development and the management of dynamic simulation of industrial systems. The use of this method is illustrated through a didactic example relating to the field of Chemical Process System Engineering

First principles fluid modelling of magnetic island stabilization by ECCD

International audienceTearing modes are MHD instabilities that reduce the performances of fusion devices. They can however be controlled and suppressed using Electron Cyclotron Current Drive (ECCD) as demonstrated in various tokamaks. In this work, simulations of islands stabilization by ECCD-driven current have been carried out using the toroidal nonlinear 3D full MHD code XTOR-2F, in which a current-source term modeling the ECCD has been implemented. The efficiency parameter is computed and its variations with respect to source width and location are computed. The influence of parameters such as current intensity, source width and position with respect to the island is evaluated and compared to the Modified Rutherford Equation. We retrieve a good agreement between the simulations and the analytical predictions concerning the variations of control efficiency with source width and position. We also show that the 3D nature of the current source term can lead to the onset of an island if the source term is precisely applied on a rational surface. We report the observation of a flip phenomenon in which the O-and X-Points of the island rapidly switch their position in order for the island to take advantage of the current drive to grow

Dynamic state reconciliation and model-based fault detection for chemical processes

In this paper, we present a method for the fault detection based on the residual generation. The main idea is to reconstruct the outputs of the system from the measurements using the extended Kalman filter. The estimations are compared to the values of the reference model and so, deviations are interpreted as possible faults. The reference model is simulated by the dynamic hybrid simulator, PrODHyS. The use of this method is illustrated through an application in the field of chemical processe

Stratégies de stabilisation des îlots magnétiques établies par des simulations Magnéto-Hydro-Dynamiques

International audienceThe degradation of plasma confinement in tokamaks by magnetic islands motivates to better understand their possible suppression using Electron Cyclotron Current Drive (ECCD) and to investigate the various strategies relevant for this purpose. In this work, we evaluate the efficiency of several control methods through nonlinear simulations of this process with the toroidal MHD code XTOR Lütjens and Luciani (2010), which has been extended to incorporate in Ohm's law a source term model-ing the RF driven current resulting from the interaction of the RF waves with the plasma. A basic control system has been implemented in the code, allowing testing advanced strategies that require feedback on island position or phase. We focus in particular on the robustness of the control strategies towards the uncertainties that apply on the control and ECCD systems, such as the risk of misalignment of the current deposition or the possible inability to generate narrow current deposition