The Role of Foreign Direct Investments in Diversifying Sources of National Incomean Econometric Study forthe "MENA" Countries During the Period (1990-2018)

تعد الاستثمارات الأجنبية المباشرة مصدرا مهما من مصادر التمويل الخارجي، لما لها من دور كبير في دعم وتنويع اقتصاديات الدول خاصة تلك التي تعتمد على مصدر وحيد في دخلها، فالاستثمارات الأجنبية المباشرة قد تساهم بشكل فعال في تنويع مصادر الدخل الوطني وتقليص نسب البطالة. ونهدف من خلال هذه الورقة البحثية إلى دراسة مدى مساهمة الاستثمارات الأجنبية المباشرة  في دعم الناتج المحلي الإجمالي لعينة من دول الشرق الأوسط وشمال إفريقيا (MENA) خلال الفترة (1990-2018)، كما اعتمدنا في الدراسة القياسية على نماذج بانل (Panel Models)، لنتوصل في ختام هذه الورقة البحثية إلى أن متغيرات الدراسة في حالة تكامل مشترك على المدى الطويل، وأن (22%) من أخطاء الأجل القصير يمكن تصحيحها للعودة إلى الوضع التوازني في الأجل الطويل، وبناءا على نتائج تقدير العلاقة في المدى الطويل تبين وجود علاقة طردية بين الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر والناتج المحلي الإجمالي.Foreign direct investment is an important source of external financing, because of its great role in supporting and diversifying the economies of countries, especially those that depend on a single source of income. Foreign direct investments may contribute effectively in diversifying sources of national income and reducing unemployment rates. Through this research paper, we aim to study the extent of the contribution of foreign direct investments in supporting the GDP of a sample of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries during the period (1990-2018), and we also relied on a standard study on plate models, to reach a conclusion. In the conclusion of this research paper, the study variables are in a state of joint complementarily in the long term, and that (22%) of the short-term errors can be corrected to return to the long-term equilibrium position, and based on the results of the evaluation of the long-term relationship, it was found that there is a positive relationship. Between foreign direct investment and GDP

Measuring the impact of government investment spending on economic development Algeria case study (2001-2014)

إن الهدف الأساسي من معالجة هذا الموضوع هو قياس أثر التغيرات في الإنفاق الحكومي الاستثماري على التنمية الاقتصادية في الجزائر؛ وذلك باستخدام نمو الناتج المحلي الإجمالي كمحدد أساسي للتنمية الاقتصادية،وقد تم استخدام عدد من الأساليب الإحصائية في برنامج (EVIEWS.7) لعرض وتحليل نتائج الدراسة، وقد أظهرت نتائج التحليل القياسي وجود علاقة ارتباطيه طردية قوية بين التغيرات في الإنفاق الحكومي الاستثماري والناتج المحلي الإجمالي في الجزائر.The primary objective of addressing this subject is measure the impact of changes in government investment spending on economic development in Algeria, using the GDP growth as essential determinant for economic development. We have been using a number of statistical methods in the program (EVIEWS.7) to show and analyze the results of the study. The results of the benchmark analysis showed a strong positive correlation between changes in government investment spending and gross domestic product (GDP) in Algeria

Multi-objective optimisation of machine tool error mapping using automated planning

Error mapping of machine tools is a multi-measurement task that is planned based on expert knowledge. There are no intelligent tools aiding the production of optimal measurement plans. In previous work, a method of intelligently constructing measurement plans demonstrated that it is feasible to optimise the plans either to reduce machine tool downtime or the estimated uncertainty of measurement due to the plan schedule. However, production scheduling and a continuously changing environment can impose conflicting constraints on downtime and the uncertainty of measurement. In this paper, the use of the produced measurement model to minimise machine tool downtime, the uncertainty of measurement and the arithmetic mean of both is investigated and discussed through the use of twelve different error mapping instances. The multi-objective search plans on average have a 3% reduction in the time metric when compared to the downtime of the uncertainty optimised plan and a 23% improvement in estimated uncertainty of measurement metric when compared to the uncertainty of the temporally optimised plan. Further experiments on a High Performance Computing (HPC) architecture demonstrated that there is on average a 3% improvement in optimality when compared with the experiments performed on the PC architecture. This demonstrates that even though a 4% improvement is beneficial, in most applications a standard PC architecture will result in valid error mapping plan

ПАРАМЕТРИЧЕСКОЕ УСИЛЕНИЕ СИГНАЛОВ В ЭЛЕКТРОСТАТИЧЕСКОМ ГРАВИИНЕРЦИОННОМ ДАТЧИКЕ

The challenges of designing simple, reliable, and high sensitivity graviinertial sensors are investigated. The sensor comprises a proof mass (PM) and is fixed with the housing by the elastic torsion suspension. PM makes small rotations under the action of gravitational forces or inertial forces.The distinctive features of the sensor are that the differential electrostatic system provides simultaneous reading of the desired signal and a control the torsional rigidity of suspension. In addition, the PM's rotational angular velocity transforms in the alternating current flowing through the capacitors. The presence of аlternating current (AC) voltage sources allows to get the parametric amplification of AC and significantly to improve the sensitivity of the sensor. In the simplest case, the sensor does not contain any feedback circuits.As an example, calculations of the micromechanical linear accelerations confirm that the periodic modulation of the coefficient of elastic stiffness of the suspension can significantly increase the sensitivity in the low frequency range, even in the absence of parametric resonance.Conditions for suppressions of background current participating in the output signal from a parametric pumping due to the asymmetry of the differential circuits are set. The frequency characteristics calculations of the sensor were carried out. It is expected, that the proposed sensor design ensures minimum noise level, which can be achievable in the graviinertial sensors. This design and the constructed theory can serve as a basis for creating a wide range of graviinertial devices operating on a movable base, for example, linear and angular accelerometer, gravity gradiometer, gravimeters, and inclinometers, which can be realized in the hybrid and in the micromechanical versions.Рассматривается задача создания простого, надежного и высокочувствительного маятникового гравиинерционного датчика. Датчик содержит подвижную массу, удерживаемую относительно корпуса с помощью упругого торсионного подвеса. Подвижная масса совершает малые повороты под действием момента силы, обусловленного действием гравитационных сил или силы инерции. Отличительная особенность датчика состоит в том, что дифференциальная электростатическая система обеспечивает одновременное считывание полезного сигнала и уменьшение крутильной жесткости подвеса. Также особенность датчика состоит в том, что его чувствительность определяется угловой скоростью поворота подвижной массы и пропорциональной ей амплитудой переменного тока, протекающего через конденсаторы. Наличие в датчике источников переменного напряжения позволяет осуществлять параметрическое усиление переменного тока и существенно увеличивать его чувствительность. В простейшем варианте в датчике отсутствуют цепи обратных связей.На примере микромеханического линейного акселерометра путем расчетов доказывается, что периодическая модуляция коэффициента жесткости упругого подвеса позволяет существенно увеличить чувствительность прибора в области низких частот, даже в условиях отсутствия параметрического резонанса. Анализируются условия подавления фоновых составляющих тока, проникающих в выходной сигнал от источников переменного напряжения вследствие несимметричности дифференциальной электрической цепи.Подобная конструкция и построенная теория могут служить основой при создании широкого круга различных гравиинерционных приборов, работающих на подвижном основании, таких как линейные и угловые акселерометры, гравитационные градиентометры, гравиметры, наклономеры, виброметры, в том числе в гибридном или микро исполнении

Error Estimation for the Linearized Auto-Localization Algorithm

The Linearized Auto-Localization (LAL) algorithm estimates the position of beacon nodes in Local Positioning Systems (LPSs), using only the distance measurements to a mobile node whose position is also unknown. The LAL algorithm calculates the inter-beacon distances, used for the estimation of the beacons’ positions, from the linearized trilateration equations. In this paper we propose a method to estimate the propagation of the errors of the inter-beacon distances obtained with the LAL algorithm, based on a first order Taylor approximation of the equations. Since the method depends on such approximation, a confidence parameter τ is defined to measure the reliability of the estimated error. Field evaluations showed that by applying this information to an improved weighted-based auto-localization algorithm (WLAL), the standard deviation of the inter-beacon distances can be improved by more than 30% on average with respect to the original LAL method

A New Collaborative Knowledge-Based Approach for Wireless Sensor Networks

This work presents a new approach for collaboration among sensors in Wireless Sensor Networks. These networks are composed of a large number of sensor nodes with constrained resources: limited computational capability, memory, power sources, etc. Nowadays, there is a growing interest in the integration of Soft Computing technologies into Wireless Sensor Networks. However, little attention has been paid to integrating Fuzzy Rule-Based Systems into collaborative Wireless Sensor Networks. The objective of this work is to design a collaborative knowledge-based network, in which each sensor executes an adapted Fuzzy Rule-Based System, which presents significant advantages such as: experts can define interpretable knowledge with uncertainty and imprecision, collaborative knowledge can be separated from control or modeling knowledge and the collaborative approach may support neighbor sensor failures and communication errors. As a real-world application of this approach, we demonstrate a collaborative modeling system for pests, in which an alarm about the development of olive tree fly is inferred. The results show that knowledge-based sensors are suitable for a wide range of applications and that the behavior of a knowledge-based sensor may be modified by inferences and knowledge of neighbor sensors in order to obtain a more accurate and reliable output

Wireless Intelligent Sensors Management Application Protocol-WISMAP

Although many recent studies have focused on the development of new applications for wireless sensor networks, less attention has been paid to knowledge-based sensor nodes. The objective of this work is the development in a real network of a new distributed system in which every sensor node can execute a set of applications, such as fuzzy ruled-base systems, measures, and actions. The sensor software is based on a multi-agent structure that is composed of three components: management, application control, and communication agents; a service interface, which provides applications the abstraction of sensor hardware and other components; and an application layer protocol. The results show the effectiveness of the communication protocol and that the proposed system is suitable for a wide range of applications. As real world applications, this work presents an example of a fuzzy rule-based system and a noise pollution monitoring application that obtains a fuzzy noise indicator

АНАЛИЗ ВЛИЯНИЯ И МИНИМИЗАЦИЯ ЭФФЕКТОВ ПРОСКАЛЬЗЫВАНИЯ НА КАЧАНИЯ МАЯТНИКА С ДВУМЯ СФЕРИЧЕСКИМИ ОПОРАМИ В РЕЖИМЕ МАЛЫХ ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНЫХ СМЕЩЕНИЙ

The dynamic of free swings of the physical pendulum supported on flat surface by two balls in the process of pre-rolling is examined. The analysis of the main mechanisms which cause the micro-slips of these balls is conducted. The conditions which eliminate the influences of these slipping on this pendulum are received.Рассматривается динамика свободных качаний физического маятника, опирающегося двумя шариками на плоское основание, в режиме предварительных смещений, когда амплитуда колебаний существенно меньше угла упругого контакта. Проводится анализ основных механизмов, приводящих к микропроскальзыванию шариков на опорной поверхности. Получены условия, при которых как сами микропроскальзывания, так и их влияние на свободные колебания маятника сводятся к минимуму, что позволяет реализовать условие «чистого» качения сферических опор и существенно увеличить точность маятниковых средств измерений

The intelligent industry of the future: A survey on emerging trends, research challenges and opportunities in Industry 4.0

Strongly rooted in the Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems-enabled manufacturing, disruptive paradigms like the Factory of the Future and Industry 4.0 envision knowledge-intensive industrial intelligent environments where smart personalized products are created through smart processes and procedures. The 4th industrial revolution will be based on Cyber-Physical Systems that will monitor, analyze and automate business processes, transforming production and logistic processes into smart factory environments where big data capabilities, cloud services and smart predictive decision support tools are used to increase productivity and efficiency. This survey provides insights into the latest developments in these domains, and identifies relevant research challenges and opportunities to shape the future of intelligent manufacturing environments.status: publishe