Automatic domain-specific learning: towards a methodology for ontology enrichment

[EN] At the current rate of technological development, in a world where enormous amount of data are constantly created and in which the Internet is used as the primary means for information exchange, there exists a need for tools that help processing, analyzing and using that information. However, while the growth of information poses many opportunities for social and scientific advance, it has also highlighted the difficulties of extracting meaningful patterns from massive data. Ontologies have been claimed to play a major role in the processing of large-scale data, as they serve as universal models of knowledge representation, and are being studied as possible solutions to this. This paper presents a method for the automatic expansion of ontologies based on corpus and terminological data exploitation. The proposed ¿ontology enrichment method¿ (OEM) consists of a sequence of tasks aimed at classifying an input keyword automatically under its corresponding node within a target ontology. Results prove that the method can be successfully applied for the automatic classification of specialized units into a reference ontology.Financial support for this research has been provided by the DGI, Spanish Ministry of Education and Science, grant FFI2011-29798-C0201.Ureña Gómez-Moreno, P.; Mestre-Mestre, EM. (2017). Automatic domain-specific learning: towards a methodology for ontology enrichment. LFE. Revista de Lenguas para Fines Específicos. 23(2):63-85. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/148357S638523

Physiological Stress Responses in Amphibian Larvae to Multiple Stressors Reveal Marked Anthropogenic Effects even below Lethal Levels

Natural and anthropogenic disturbances cause profound alterations in organisms, inducing physiological adjustments to avoid, reduce, or remedy the impact of disturbances. In vertebrates, the stress response is regulated via neuroendocrine pathways, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis that regulates the secretion of glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids have cascading effects on multiple physiological pathways, affecting the metabolic rate, reactive oxygen species production, or immune system. Determining the extent to which natural and anthropogenic environmental factors induce stress responses in vertebrates is of great importance in ecology and conservation biology. Here we study the physiological stress response in spadefoot toad tadpoles (Pelobates cultripes) against three levels of a series of natural and anthropogenic stressors common to many aquatic systems: salinity (0, 6, and 9 ppt), herbicide (0, 1, and 2 mg/L acid equivalent of glyphosate), water acidity (pH 4.5, 7.0, and 9.5), predators (absent, native, and invasive), and temperature (217, 257, and 29 degrees C). The physiological stress response was assessed examining corticosterone levels, standard metabolic rate, activity of antioxidant enzymes, oxidative cellular damage in lipids, and immunological status. We found that common stressors substantially altered the physiological state of tadpoles. In particular, salinity and herbicides cause dramatic physiological changes in tadpoles. Moreover, tadpoles reduced corticosterone levels in the presence of natural predators but did not do so against invasive predators, indicating a lack of innate recognition. Corticosterone and the antioxidant enzyme glutathione reductase were the most sensitive parameters to stress in this study. Anthropogenic perturbations of aquatic systems pose serious threats to larval amphibians even at nonlethal concentrations, judging from the marked physiological stress responses generated, and reveal the importance of incorporating physiological information onto conservation, ecological, and evolutionary studies.Peer Reviewe

Retórica, comedia, diálogo. La fusión de géneros en la literatura griega del s. II d.C.

Lucien de Samosate est sans doute un écrivain difficile a classer. Certains en font le roi du pastiche. Pour nous il s'agit. par contre, d'un écrivain lucide et intelligent qui cherche dans la tradition les éléments qui peuvent l'aider a comprendre le présent et a en faire une critique parfois féroce

Traducir a Luciano

Taking the translations of volumes III and IV of the Alma Mater‟ collection as our reference point, we aim to explain some of the lexical options adopted in our transla-tion of Lucian, which, we hope, reflect the author‟s skill in coining new Greek words to produce a comic or parodic effect. We focus on three aspects in particular: the com-position of proper nouns (as in True Stories); the personification of common nouns (as in The Double Indictment); and a linguistic reflection on certain words (as in Trial in the Court of Vowels and Solecist)

Does training affect match performance? A study using data mining and tracking devices

FIFA has recently allowed the use of electronic performance and tracking systems (EPTS) in professional football competition, providing teams with novel and more accurate data. Physical performance has not yet taken much attention from the research community, due to the difficulty of accessing this information with the same devices during training and competition. This study provides a methodology based on machine learning and statistical methods to relate the physical performance variation of players during time-framed training sessions, and their performance in the following matches. The analysis is carried out over F.C. Barcelona B, season 2015-2016 data, and makes emphasis on exploiting the design characteristics of the structured training methodology implemented within the club. The use of summarized physical variation data has provided a remarkable relation between higher magnitudes of variation in 3-week time frames during training, and higher physical values in the following matches. With increased data availability this and new approaches could provide a new frontier in physical performance analysis. This is, up to our knowledge, the first study to relate training and matches performance through the same EPTS devices in professional football.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Extreme reduction in body size and reproductive output associated with sandy substrates in two anuran species

Geographic variation in body size and reproductive traits has been reported in a wide range of organisms, including amphibians. Most studies have focused on latitudinal and/or altitudinal variation where differences in temperature and duration of the growing season are the main causes for population divergence. We describe a steep variation in body size and reproductive traits in two anuran species in southwestern Spain, associated with changes in the geological substrate. Pelobates cultripes and Bufo calamita (= Epidalea calamita) drastically reduced their size (a 71.6% and 76.1% reduction in body mass for P. cultripes and B. calamita, respectively) in just about 60 km. This extreme size reduction was more pronounced at the boundary between two different geological substrates (hercinic and sandy soil). Mean clutch mass, egg size, and clutch size were all smaller in B. calamita populations in the sandy environment. Likewise, clutch mass and egg size were both smaller in sandy P. cultripes populations. We observed a negative correlation between size-adjusted fecundity and egg size for both species, suggesting the existence of a reproductive trade-off that could explain the differences in reproductive allocation between populations and species. In P. cultripes, small-bodied populations had relatively higher fecundities and smaller eggs than large-bodied ones, whereas in B. calamita populations from the sandy area we found both populations with high fecundity and small eggs, and populations with low fecundity and large eggs. Common environmental effects associated with the sandy substrate produce a similar reduction in size in both toad species. © 2008 Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden.Peer Reviewe

Base de textos grecs : una eina per a l'estudi de la sintaxi

Presentació d'una base de textos grecs antics, d'accés lliure, creada pel Grup Consolidat d'Innovació-ELECTRA (Universitat de Barcelona) per il·lustrar categories de sintaxi nominal i oracional. Els textos grecs, ordenats segons un llistat de tags sintàctics per facilitar la cerca d'exemples d'una construcció sintàctica determinada, van acompanyats d'una traducció. Aquesta base és un instrument docent nou per completar explicacions teòriques i per contribuir a una millora del procés d'ensenyament-aprenentatge en el context acadèmic actual

Phylogenetic analyses reveal unexpected patterns in the evolution of reproductive modes in frogs

Understanding phenotypic diversity requires not only identification of selective factors that favor origins of derived states, but also factors that favor retention of primitive states. Anurans (frogs and toads) exhibit a remarkable diversity of reproductive modes that is unique among terrestrial vertebrates. Here, we analyze the evolution of these modes, using comparative methods on a phylogeny and matched life-history database of 720 species, including most families and modes. As expected, modes with terrestrial eggs and aquatic larvae often precede direct development (terrestrial egg, no tadpole stage), but surprisingly, direct development evolves directly from aquatic breeding nearly as often. Modes with primitive exotrophic larvae (feeding outside the egg) frequently give rise to direct developers, whereas those with nonfeeding larvae (endotrophic) do not. Similarly, modes with eggs and larvae placed in locations protected from aquatic predators evolve frequently but rarely give rise to direct developers. Thus, frogs frequently bypass many seemingly intermediate stages in the evolution of direct development. We also find significant associations between terrestrial reproduction and reduced clutch size, larger egg size, reduced adult size, parental care, and occurrence in wetter and warmer regions. These associations may help explain the widespread retention of aquatic eggs and larvae, and the overall diversity of anuran reproductive modes. © 2012 The Society for the Study of Evolution.Peer Reviewe

Modelo didáctico para la formación de habilidades en la resolución de problemas de física en estudiantes de ingeniería

A new teaching model is suggested in arder to improve the abilities in physics problem solving for engineering students. The proposal is rise upon the objectives and contents of the discipline and in elude some elements like the professional model, its behavior pattern and the logic of science. As an example,it is shown a family-of-problems designed for a given teaching unit and the main characteristics of each of its members are pointed out. In the article, there are also suggestions to improve the development of the teaching process. This model has been applied in other matters natural sciences subjects.</p

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