Lesión valvular aórtica residual tras endocarditis infecciosa “curada” ¿Es seguro el implante de TAVI?

En los últimos años se ha incrementado la incidencia de endocarditis infecciosa (EI). En muchos pacientes tras eliminar el agente infeccioso persiste un daño valvular severo que condiciona el pronóstico pero determinados pacientes son rechazados para su reparación quirúrgica por su elevado riesgo. La implantación de prótesis valvular aórtica de forma percutánea (TAVI) es una alternativa asentada en el tratamiento de valvulopatía en pacientes de alto riesgo, pero se encuentra contraindicada en el contexto de la corrección de la lesión valvular tras EI, por entrañar teóricamente mayor riesgo de infección. Nuestro objetivo fue analizar el uso, seguridad y eficacia actual en vida real de TAVI en este contexto, recogiendo retrospectivamente todos los casos procedentes de diez centros que fueron tratados de este modo, llevando a cabo un seguimiento clínico posterior de al menos un año. El implante de TAVI en este contexto resultó ser seguro y eficaz, con unas cifras de mortalidad intra-hospitalaria (5.7%) y al año (13.7%) similares a las conseguidas con este procedimiento en otros contextos y pese a la alta tasa de comorbilidades del subgrupo en estudio. No obstante, se declaró una elevada tasa de sepsis (18%), en particular en procedimientos sobre válvula protésica previa. Estos resultados sugieren que el uso de TAVI puede ser una alternativa válida en el tratamiento de lesión valvular aórtica residual tras EI curada en pacientes seleccionados, cuando el abordaje quirúrgico no es posible.Grado en Medicin

A guided heuristic approach to the MEG inverse problem.

There is general agreement within the scientific community in considering Biology as the science with more potential to develop in the XXI century. This is due to several reasons, but probably the most important one is the state of development of the rest of experimental and technological sciences. In this context, there are a very rich variety of mathematical tools, physical techniques and computer resources that permit to do biological experiments that were unbelievable only a few years ago. Biology is nowadays taking advantage of all these newly developed technologies, which are been applied to life sciences opening new research fields and helping to give new insights in many biological problems. Consequently, biologists have improved a lot their knowledge in many key areas as human function and human diseases. However there is one human organ that is still barely understood compared with the rest: The human brain. The understanding of the human brain is one of the main challenges of the XXI century. In this regard, it is considered a strategic research field for the European Union and the USA. Thus, there is a big interest in applying new experimental techniques for the study of brain function. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is one of these novel techniques that are currently applied for mapping the brain activity1. This technique has important advantages compared to the metabolic-based brain imagining techniques like Functional Magneto Resonance Imaging2 (fMRI). The main advantage is that MEG has a higher time resolution than fMRI. Another benefit of MEG is that it is a patient friendly clinical technique. The measure is performed with a wireless set up and the patient is not exposed to any radiation. Although MEG is widely applied in clinical studies, there are still open issues regarding data analysis. The present work deals with the solution of the inverse problem in MEG, which is the most controversial and uncertain part of the analysis process3. This question is addressed using several variations of a new solving algorithm based in a heuristic method. The performance of those methods is analyzed by applying them to several test cases with known solutions and comparing those solutions with the ones provided by our methods

Gold (i)-catalyzed cyclizations of 1,6- and 1,7-enynes: new gold complexes and cyclopropanation reactions

Esta tesis doctoral se ha dedicado al estudio tanto experimental como teórico de diferentes aspectos relacionados con la ciclación de eninos catalizada por oro(I). La memoria se ha dividido en dos partes, el primero de ellos recoge el estudio de complejos de oro(I) mientras que el segundo se ha dedicado a las aplicaciones de dichos complejos en reacciones de activación de alquinos, en concreto para la reacción de ciclación de eninos. En el primer capítulo se exponen los resultados obtenidos en un estudio teórico comparativo de complejos con metales del grupo 11 así como la síntesis y caracterización estructural de complejos de oro que contienen interacciones π oro-anillo aromático sencillo. Por otra parte, se describe la síntesis de un nuevo complejo de oro con un ligando fosfito voluminoso, que es un excelente catalizador para reacciones de cicloisomerización de eninos. A continuación, se presentan los resultados relacionados con el atrapamiento intermolecular mediante olefinas de los intermedios carbeno de oro implicados en la reacción de ciclación de 1,6-eninos. Por otro lado, se ha realizado un estudio teórico y computacional de la reacción de ciclación de 1,7-eninos catalizada por oro y se ha ampliado el alcance de la cicloadición [4+2] catalizada por oro(I) mediante su aplicación a 1,7-eninos substituidos.In this PhD thesis we have studied different experimental and theoretical aspects of the gold(I)-catalyzed cyclization of enynes. The work has been divided in two chapters, one related with the study of gold(I) complexes and the second one focused on the applications of gold complexes for the activation of alkynes, more precisely on the enyne cyclization reaction.Firstly, we have performed a computational study of a family of group 11 metal complexes as well as the synthesis and structural characterization of the first gold(I) cationic complexes displaying η1−η2 gold(I)-arene interactions. We have also synthesized a phosphite gold(I) complex which is the most active catalyst for enyne cycloisomerizations.On the other hand, the intermolecular trapping of the carbene intermediates involved in the gold(I)-catalyzed cyclization of 1,6-enynes with olefins was achieved, giving rise to one of the few examples of gold(I)-catalyzed cyclopropanations. We have also performed a computacional study of the gold(I)-catalyzed cyclization of 1,7-enynes and broadened the scope of the gold(I)-catalyzed [4+2] cycloaddition by its successful application to substituted 1,7-enynes

Investigation of surface cleaning procedures for the removal of radon daughters from PTFE surfaces and their applicability in liquid xenon detectors.

Background identification and suppression is of paramount importance for experiments seeking extremely rare events. Direct dark matter searches such as the XENON1T experiment fall in this category. 222Rn daughters are the dominant contribution to the internal background of the XENON1T detector. Air contains traces of radon which plates out its progeny onto the surface of the detector materials, such as the PTFE. This polymer is in direct contact with the sensitive liquid xenon as it is used to house the detector's dual-phase time projection chamber. The effects of surface cleaning procedures to remove surface sources from PTFE are investigated in this work. With a dedicated experimental setup, we investigate the efficiency of standard surface treatments and their applicability for XENON1T and the future upgrade XENONnT

Mineral composition through soil-wine system of portuguese vineyards and its potential for wine traceability

The control of geographic origin is one of a highest priority issue regarding traceability and wine authenticity. The current study aimed to examine whether elemental composition can be used for the discrimination of wines according to geographical origin, taking into account the effects of soil, winemaking process, and year of production. The elemental composition of soils, grapes, musts, and wines from three DO (Designations of Origin) and for two vintage years was determined by using the ICP-MS semi-quantitative method, followed by multivariate statistical analysis. The elemental composition of soils varied according to geological formations, and for some elements, the variation due to soil provenance was also observed in musts and wines. Li, Mn, Sr and rare-earth elements (REE) allowed wine discrimination according to vineyard. Results evidenced the influence of winemaking processes and of vintage year on the wine’s elemental composition. The mineral composition pattern is transferred through the soil-wine system, and differences observed for soils are reflected in grape musts and wines, but not for all elements. Results suggest that winemaking processes and vintage year should be taken into account for the use of elemental composition as a tool for wine traceability. Therefore, understanding the evolution of mineral pattern composition from soil to wine, and how it is influenced by the climatic year, is indispensable for traceability purposesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Guide for using the programs TRAMO and SEATS : beta version : december 1997

Este documento detalla, paso a paso, una manera simple y eficiente de construir el fichero de entrada de los programas TRAMO (Time Series Regression with ARIMA Noise Missing Observations and Outliers) y SEATS (Signal Extraction in ARIMA Time Series) para todos los posibles casos y aplicaciones. En primer lugar, se describe un procedimiento completamente automatico, en el que los valores apropiados de los parametros son calculados por el programa mismo. A continuacion, para un uso mas general, se describe el caso de la aplicacion conjunta o separada de los programas, asi como su uso para una o muchas series. Se presta una atencion especial a la construccion de las variables de regresion. Finalmente, el apendice contiene algunas recomendaciones para fortalecer los resultados cuando se aplica el procedimietno automatico. (vg) (amh) (mac