Toward a Modeling Framework for Organizational Competency

Part 6: Computational Systems ApplicationsInternational audienceCompetency modeling framework serves as a; (a) very important basis for the explanation of a generic competency modeling approach, (b) base element in the consolidation of existing knowledge in this area, (c) tool for model developers on selecting appropriate competency models, and (d) basis for competency modeling. This research uses literature review approach to propose a modeling framework for organizational competency. The proposed modeling framework has been developed based on the most relevant well known competency models. The research suggests that organizational competency can be categorized into three groups; individual competency, enterprise competency and collaboration-oriented competency. For modeling each of these groups, it is essential that the modeling process have to be aligned with model developer purpose (Modeling perspective), thus the model developing process will be based on the same segmentation model. Furthermore, competencies have to be model at different levels of abstraction (modeling intent)

A manufacturing model to enable knowledge maintenance in decision support systems

The product development process, within a typical manufacturing company, utilises huge amounts of knowledge related to manufacturing and design activities. Knowledge based systems are increasingly being used to support manufacturing and design decisions. These systems are important tools for obtaining a competitive advantage and leverage using company "know-how". However, it is important to define suitable knowledge structures in the creation of these decision support systems. Due to the significant volume of knowledge generated in the manufacturing and design stage, there is a need to create structures and methods that readily manage and maintain the knowledge in order to a) assure the long-term use of these systems b) improve the company's competitiveness. The research reported in this thesis explores and defines a Manufacturing Facility Information and Knowledge Model (MFIKM) allowing a) the ability to store and manage various types of knowledge, b) the capturing of valuable new knowledge using a knowledge maintenance method. The understanding of an information and knowledge infrastructure using different types of knowledge categorisation has been explored. The major emphasis has been placed on understanding the facility knowledge structure related to processes and resources supporting process planning decisions. Using a knowledge maintenance life cycle as a method to maintain knowledge, it was possible to capture new and valuable machining knowledge using different types of representations. Knowledge models and methods are essential in the definition of structures to support manufacturing decisions allowing knowledge management and maintenance. It has been shown that the knowledge structures defined for the new model can serve as a source and repository for different types of knowledge allowing the support of manufacturing decisions with up-to-date knowledge. The framework defined enables the structuring of facility knowledge, processes, and resources, as super classes; improving the understanding of the relationships and dependencies among them, and allowing accessibility depending on the characteristics of each. A UML tool helped in the creation of new structures detailing attributes for the classes defined. An experimental system has been implemented using the object-oriented database ObjectStore© and the Visual C++ programming environment. The MFIKM has been explored using scenarios from machining knowledge to successfully demonstrate the feasibility of knowledge maintenance supporting process planning decisions using the knowledge structures defined.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Productivity Improvement by Using Social-Annotations about Design Intent in CAD Modelling Process

[EN] This paper focuses on the New Product Development Process (NPDP) area to contribute to increasing the productivity of CAD users by means of an improved design intent communication using a social-annotation technique. Design teams operate in a similar way to an online social network, and CAD models are not just only a 3D geometry representation, as they reflect the result of an specific modeling strategy, that usually constrains the future capability for modification and reuse of the existing 3D model. Considering this context, this work tries to assess the impact of annotations in the engineering change process in order to determine its influence in the user performance during this process. Preliminary experimental results obtained from several experiments with Spanish CAD students indicate that it is possible to reduce the time needed to perform engineering changes in existing models into a 10-20% range, if those CAD models provide annotations explaining the original design intent. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.Alducin, G.; Contero, M.; Martín Guitérrez J.; Guerra-Zubiaga, D.; Johnson, M. (2011). Productivity Improvement by Using Social-Annotations about Design Intent in CAD Modelling Process. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 6778:153-161. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-21796-8_16S1531616778Anderl, R., Mendgen, R.: Parametric design and its impact on solid modeling applications. In: Third ACM Symposium on Solid Modelling and Applications, pp. 1–12. ACM, New York (1995)Vila, C., Contero, M., Company, P.: Extended modeling, a tool for cooperative design. In: 6th International Conference on Concurrent Enterprising, Tolouse France (2000)Anderl, R., Mendgen, R.: Analyzing and optimizing constraint-structures in complex parametric CAD models. In: Bruderlin, B., Roller, D. (eds.) Geometric Constraint Solving and Applications, pp. 58–81. Springer, Berlin (1998)Hartman, N.W.: The development of expertise in the use of constraint-based CAD tools. Eng. Design Graph. J. 68, 14–26 (2004)Rynne, A.: AC 2007-2132: Cognitive modelling strategies for optimum design intent in parametric modelling (PM). American Society for Engineering Education (2007)Guerra-Zubiaga, D.A.: A Model to enable Knowledge Maintenance: Supporting Manufacturing Decisions. VDM Verlag, Germany (2009); ISBN 978-3639209983Hartman, N.W.: Defining expertise in the use of constraint-based CAD tools by examining practicing professionals. Eng. Design Graph. J. 68, 6–15 (2005)Bhavnani, S.K., Garrett, J.H.J., Shaw, D.S.: Leading indicators of CAD experience: Paper presented at the Proceedings of Computer-Aided Architectural Design Futures CAAD Futures 1993, pp. 313–334 (1993)Johnson, M.D., Diwakaran, R.P.: Assessing the effect of incentive on computer-aided design intent. In: The ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences & Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, San Diego, California, pp. 523–532 (2009)Polkinghorne, D.E.: Phenomenological research methods. In: Valle, R.S., Halling, S. (eds.) Existential-Phenomenological Perspectives in Psychology, pp. 41–60. Plenum, New York (1989)Meyer, M.A., Booker, J.M.: Eliciting and analyzing expert judgment: A practical guide. Academic Press, San Diego (1991)Reddy, J.M., Finger, S., Konda, S., Subrahmanian, E.: Design as Building and Reusing Artifact Theories: Understanding and Supporting Growth of Design Knowledge. In: The Design Productivity Debate. Springer, Heidelberg (1998)Bucciarelli, L.L.: Designing engineers. MIT Press, Cambridge (1994)May, P., Ehrlich, H.C., Steinke, T.: Mapping Sociotechnical Networks in the Making. In: Bowker, G., Star, S.L., Turner, W., Gasser, L. (eds.) Beyond the Great Divide,Technical Systems and Co-operative Work, Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah (1997)Bhavnani, S.K., Garrett, J.H.: Leading Indicators of CAD Experience. In: Flemming, U., Van Wyk, S. (eds.) CAAD Futures 1993, pp. 313–334. Elsevier Science Publishers, Netherlands (1993

Development of a software application for machine tool reconfiguration using a knowledge-based engineering system approach

The automation processes industry has become increasingly expensive, which is why some small and medium sized enterprises are incapable of buying machine tools with automatic systems. This means that their processes are manual in many cases, and as a result they often have to rework their developed products due to the lack of precision and efficiency in their production processes. Considering that current manufacturing systems with variable machining and turning centers are gradually replacing dedicated systems for medium lot size production, the production systems' basic element, the machine tool, must be capable of working at high speeds with precision, and it must be reconfigurable. These systems must also be compatible and convertible in order to create economic benefits for customers. This article describes a specific software architecture designed to record all the data, information and knowledge concerning manufacturing systems. The software allows for the creation of a new knowledge database and works with it in the reconfiguration of machine tools depending on the rules, requirements and parameters needed to effectively modify production processes or products.Hincapie, M.; Guemes, D.; Contero González, MR.; Ramirez, M.; Diaz, C. (2016). Development of a software application for machine tool reconfiguration using a knowledge-based engineering system approach. International Journal of Knowledge-Based and Intelligent Engineering Systems. 20(1):49-63. doi:10.3233/KES-160334S496320

Ponderación del valor agronómico de algunos cereales invernales para la conservación del suelo en el semiárido austral pampeano

En las regiones semiáridas resulta crucial el cultivo de especies eficientes en el uso del agua, que pueden contribuir a la generación de cobertura del suelo. Este trabajo evaluó la estructura y composición de la biomasa aérea de tres cereales invernales y algunos indicadores de eficiencia productiva durante 2019 en el secano de Hilario Ascasubi. Se evaluaron 11 cultivares de avena, centeno, trigo y triticale. Se determino el contenido de agua en los primeros 90 cm del perfil al inicio y fin del ciclo de los cultivos para el cálculo del uso consuntivo. Al final del ciclo se midió, altura del vástago fértil, densidad de vástagos fértiles, índice de área de tallo (IAT) del rastrojo remanente, biomasa total (rastrojo y grano) e índice de cosecha (IC). Se calculó la eficiencia de uso del agua (EUA) para la producción de biomasa total (rastrojo y grano). Entre todos los cereales evaluados se destacó la avena Maná, con aproximadamente 1400 vástagos fértiles m-2, entre dos y siete veces superior a otras variedades. Los centenos Don José y Emilio junto al triticale Ona tuvieron una altura superior a 130 cm. Contrariamente, la avena Elizabeth y Maná fueron más petizas (aproximadamente 70 cm). El IAT estuvo entre 0,7 y 2,5, destacándose Maná. No se observaron diferencias en la biomasa total acumulada ni en el rastrojo remanente. El triticale y el centeno presentaron el mayor uso consuntivo. Asimismo, la avena Violeta se destacó en el mayor rendimiento de grano, reflejado en el IC y por lo tanto en la EUA para la producción de grano. El trigo presentó la menor EUA para la producción de biomasa total y el centeno fue el que presentó la mayor EUA para la producción de biomasa de rastrojo. Si bien se observaron diferencias debidas a las especies y variedades en la mayoría de los parámetros evaluados, se destacó la avena Violeta debido al equilibrio en la producción de grano y biomasa, siendo la más eficiente para transformar el agua consumida en la biomasa total y principalmente en la producción de grano, dejando un rastrojo remanente adecuado para una buena cobertura apropiada para la conservación del agua y el suelo.EEA Hilario AscasubiFil: Zubiaga, Luciano. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Hilario Ascasubi; Argentina.Fil: Vanzolini, Juan Ignacio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Hilario Ascasubi; ArgentinaFil: Ombrosi, Diego Alberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Hilario Ascasubi; ArgentinaFil: Dunel Guerra, Luciana Gisele. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Hilario Ascasubi; ArgentinaFil: Storniolo, Romina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Hilario Ascasubi; ArgentinaFil: Cantamutto, Miguel Angel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Hilario Ascasubi; Argentina

Estructura del rastrojo y agua disponible bajo siembra directa en el semiárido austral pampeano

Los procesos importantes relacionados con la dinámica del agua ocurren principalmente en la interfase suelo-atmósfera. La estructura de la cobertura de rastrojos de cultivos, tanto por cantidad como su distribución, tiene efecto sobre el microclima de la superficie del suelo y, en consecuencia, en el grado de conservación del agua. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar algunos cambios en la interfase suelo-atmósfera y su impacto sobre el agua del suelo con diferentes estructuras de los residuos de cosecha. La experimentación se realizó en la Estación Experimental del Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria en Hilario Ascasubi, Villarino, Buenos Aires. Se evaluaron tres cereales invernales (trigo, centeno y avena) como antecesores del trigo entre junio del 2017 y diciembre de 2020, es decir, dos ciclos consecutivos de rotaciones agrícolas bianuales con cereales invernales. Se evaluó la estructura del rastrojo al final del barbecho a partir de la biomasa seca, su distribución por estratos y el índice de área del tallo. Además, se determinó la temperatura del suelo, velocidad relativa del viento y la dinámica del agua en el barbecho. Los cultivos de invierno antecesores y principalmente la disposición del rastrojo, presentaron diferencias en el aporte de biomasa y la estructura de la cobertura, asimismo se logró similar porcentaje de cobertura. Se observaron diferencias en el impacto de la disposición del rastrojo sobre la temperatura del suelo y velocidad del viento, pero no así por los antecesores. Esto modificó la eficiencia de barbecho, la humedad a la siembra del cultivo posterior y la evolución de la humedad del suelo hasta 13 días posteriores a un evento de precipitación. La disposición del rastrojo y los antecesores impactaron en los factores que componen la interfase suelo-atmósfera y, en consecuencia, en la dinámica del agua en el suelo.Critical processes related to water dynamics occur mainly at the soil-atmosphere interface. The structure of crop stubble cover, both in quantity and distribution, affects the soil surface microclimate and, consequently, on the degree of water conservation. The aim of this work was to evaluate changes in the soil-atmosphere interface and their impacts on soil water as affected by different crop residue structures. The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station of the National Institute of Agricultural Technology in Hilario Ascasubi, Villarino, Buenos Aires. Three winter cereals (wheat, rye, and oats) were evaluated as preceding crops of wheat from June 2017 to December 2020, that is, two consecutive cycles of biannual agricultural rotations with winter cereals. Dry biomass quantification, its distribution by strata, and the stem area index were used to evaluate stubble structure at the end of fallow. In addition, soil temperature, relative wind speed, and water dynamics in the fallow were determined. Although preceding winter crops and mainly their stubble arrangement showed differences in biomass contribution and cover structure, similar soil cover was achieved. Soil temperature and wind speed were affected by stubble arrangement but were unaffected by the preceding crop. Stubble arrangement modified fallow efficiency, moisture at seeding of the subsequent crop, and soil moisture evolution up to 13 days after a rainfall event. The stubble arrangement and winter cereal preceding crops impacted on the soil-atmosphere interface and, consequently, on soil water dynamics.EEA Hilario AscasubiFil: Zubiaga, Luciano. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Hilario Ascasubi; Argentina.Fil: Vanzolini, Juan Ignacio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Hilario Ascasubi; ArgentinaFil: Dunel Guerra, Luciana Gisele. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Hilario Ascasubi; ArgentinaFil: Storniolo, Romina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Hilario Ascasubi; ArgentinaFil: Ombrosi, Diego Alberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Hilario Ascasubi; ArgentinaFil: Cantamutto, Miguel Angel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Hilario Ascasubi; Argentina.Fil: Galantini, Juan Alberto. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Galantini, Juan Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiarida; ArgentinaFil: Galantini, Juan Alberto. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiarida; Argentin

Integration of design tools and knowledge capture into a CAD system: a case study

onceptual design phase is partially supported by product lifecycle management/computer-aided design (PLM/CAD) systems causing discontinuity of the design information flow: customer needs — functional requirements — key characteristics — design parameters (DPs) — geometric DPs. Aiming to address this issue, it is proposed a knowledge-based approach is proposed to integrate quality function deployment, failure mode and effects analysis, and axiomatic design into a commercial PLM/CAD system. A case study, main subject of this article, was carried out to validate the proposed process, to evaluate, by a pilot development, how the commercial PLM/CAD modules and application programming interface could support the information flow, and based on the pilot scheme results to propose a full development framework

Aprender haciendo, aprender usando. Nodo Villarino Norte

Desde el enfoque de sistemas ecológicos, la producción vegetal del norte del partido de Villarino está condicionada fundamentalmente por la calidad de los suelos y por la irregularidad de las precipitaciones. A la vez, existe un segundo factor que influye sobre estos condicionantes, que desde el punto de vista del sistema social es la adopción de tecnologías relativas al ambiente en el cual se produce.EEA Hilario AscasubiFil: Vanzolini, Juan Ignacio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Hilario Ascasubi; ArgentinaFil: Zubiaga, Luciano. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Hilario Ascasubi; ArgentinaFil: Dunel Guerra, Luciana Gisele. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Hilario Ascasubi; ArgentinaFil: Storniolo, Romina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Hilario Ascasubi; ArgentinaFil: Ombrosi, Diego Alberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Hilario Ascasubi; ArgentinaFil: Giaccotto Gil, María Belén. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bordenave. Agencia de Extensión Rural Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaFil: Cuello, Sergio Gustavo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Hilario Ascasubi. Agencia de Extensión Rural Médanos; ArgentinaFil: Alvarez, Cristian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil. Agencia de Extensión Rural General Pico; ArgentinaFil: Pereyro, Alvaro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria General Villegas. Agencia De Extensión Rural Pehuajó; ArgentinaFil: Quiroga, Alberto Raul. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil; Argentina

Integration of decision support systems to improve decision support performance

Decision support system (DSS) is a well-established research and development area. Traditional isolated, stand-alone DSS has been recently facing new challenges. In order to improve the performance of DSS to meet the challenges, research has been actively carried out to develop integrated decision support systems (IDSS). This paper reviews the current research efforts with regard to the development of IDSS. The focus of the paper is on the integration aspect for IDSS through multiple perspectives, and the technologies that support this integration. More than 100 papers and software systems are discussed. Current research efforts and the development status of IDSS are explained, compared and classified. In addition, future trends and challenges in integration are outlined. The paper concludes that by addressing integration, better support will be provided to decision makers, with the expectation of both better decisions and improved decision making processes

Combining energy efficiency measure approaches and occupancy patterns in building modelling in the UK residential context

The UK faces a significant retrofit challenge, especially with its housing stock of old, hard-to-treat solid walled dwellings. In this work, we investigate the delivery of heated thermal comfort with a lower energy demand through four types of energy efficiency interventions: passive system, conversion device, method of service control, and level of service demanded. These are compared for three distinct household occupancy patterns, corresponding to a working family, a working couple and a daytime-present couple. Energy efficiency measures are considered singly and in combination, to study whether multiple lower cost measures can achieve comparable savings to higher cost individual measures. Scenarios are simulated using engineering building modelling software TRNSYS with data taken from literature. Upgraded insulation of wall and roof resulted in highest savings in all occupancy scenarios, but comparable savings were calculated for reduced internal temperature and partial spatial heating in scenarios in which the house is not at maximum capacity. Zonal heating control is expected to achieve greatest savings for the working couple who had a flexible occupancy pattern. The results from this modelling work show the extent to which energy consumption depends on the appropriate matching between energy efficiency measures and occupant type