La géographie de la promotion immobilière comme révélateur de la valeur des territoires ?

International audienceThis paper considers the geography of property development as an indicator of the territorial value. We first explain how it is possible to create a set of data about real estate development in France. Then, we propose a map showing the location of the projects led by property developers. Several types of territories appear to be particularly dynamic: 1) Metropolitan areas and in particular their most central districts; 2) Coastal areas especially in the south; 3) Cross-border areas of the East benefitting from the influence of a large foreign city). At the end of the paper, we discuss the meaning of such a geography. We conclude by showing that it reflects an economic regime of valuation rather than a valuation carried out by inhabitants and their preferences.Cette communication envisage la géographie de la promotion immobilière comme un indicateur de la valeur des territoires. Nous expliquons d'abord comment il est possible de reconstituer les chiffres de la promotion immobilière en France. Puis, nous proposons une cartographie du nombre de logements mis en chantier par les promoteurs dans les différentes intercommunalités du pays. Plusieurs types de territoires apparaissent alors comme particulièrement dynamiques : 1) les grandes métropoles et notamment leurs quartiers les plus centraux ; 2) les espaces littoraux et spécialement ceux du sud ; 3) les zones transfrontalières de l'Est bénéficiant de l'influence d'une grande ville étrangère située à proximité. Nous nous demandons finalement de quel type de valorisation cette géographie est le reflet. Nous concluons en montrant qu'elle reflète une forme économique de valorisation plus qu'une valorisation portée par les ménages et leurs préférences

Translation and fates of the gag protein of 1731, a Drosophila melanogaster retrotransposon

AbstractAn entire copy of 1731, a Drosophila melanogaster retrotransposon, was tagged by fusing in frame its putative gag gene with the reporter LacZ sequence. The high transfection efficiency of Drosophila virilis cells added to the absence of 1731 in their genome allowed, by combining histochemical staining and immunological detections, the demonstration of the translation of the 1731 gag gene. The gag protein is gathered in virus-like particles. Its occurrence in nuclei is consistent with a nuclear localization signal. The expression of the sense construction was inhibited by cotransfections with its antisense homologue

Knowledge formalization in experience feedback processes : an ontology-based approach

Because of the current trend of integration and interoperability of industrial systems, their size and complexity continue to grow making it more difficult to analyze, to understand and to solve the problems that happen in their organizations. Continuous improvement methodologies are powerful tools in order to understand and to solve problems, to control the effects of changes and finally to capitalize knowledge about changes and improvements. These tools involve suitably represent knowledge relating to the concerned system. Consequently, knowledge management (KM) is an increasingly important source of competitive advantage for organizations. Particularly, the capitalization and sharing of knowledge resulting from experience feedback are elements which play an essential role in the continuous improvement of industrial activities. In this paper, the contribution deals with semantic interoperability and relates to the structuring and the formalization of an experience feedback (EF) process aiming at transforming information or understanding gained by experience into explicit knowledge. The reuse of such knowledge has proved to have significant impact on achieving themissions of companies. However, the means of describing the knowledge objects of an experience generally remain informal. Based on an experience feedback process model and conceptual graphs, this paper takes domain ontology as a framework for the clarification of explicit knowledge and know-how, the aim of which is to get lessons learned descriptions that are significant, correct and applicable

The Rate and Molecular Spectrum of Spontaneous Mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana

To take complete advantage of information on within-species polymorphism and divergence from close relatives, one needs to know the rate and the molecular spectrum of spontaneous mutations. To this end, we have searched for de novo spontaneous mutations in the complete nuclear genomes of five Arabidopsis thaliana mutation accumulation lines that had been maintained by single-seed descent for 30 generations. We identified and validated 99 base substitutions and 17 small and large insertions and deletions. Our results imply a spontaneous mutation rate of 7 × 10−9 base substitutions per site per generation, the majority of which are G:C→A:T transitions. We explain this very biased spectrum of base substitution mutations as a result of two main processes: deamination of methylated cytosines and ultraviolet light–induced mutagenesis

Mutation Patterns in the Human Genome: More Variable Than Expected

Why are some genomic positions more mutable than others? The identification of cryptic mutation hotspots in the human genome indicates that the determinants of mutation rates are more complex than anticipated

Ligament Healing After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture: An Important New Patient Pathway?

Recent studies have shown satisfactory functional results after spontaneous healing of a ruptured anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). However, current literature on this topic may exclude important parting selection, outcome measures, and long-term results. Rehabilitation protocols applied in those studies, as well as objective assessments appear far from the usual gold standard after ACL reconstruction. Ideally, outcomes measures should be based on the same testing procedures that are recommended to clear an athlete to return to sport following ACL reconstruction. There is still a lot to understand in how an injured ACL may heal, and therefore ACL injury management should be individualized to each patient and carefully discussed

The Genomic Distribution and Local Context of Coincident SNPs in Human and Chimpanzee

We have previously shown that there is an excess of sites that are polymorphic at orthologous positions in humans and chimpanzees and that this is most likely due to cryptic variation in the mutation rate. We showed that this might be a consequence of complex context effects since we found significant heterogeneity in triplet frequencies around coincident single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites. Here, we show that the heterogeneity in triplet frequencies is not specifically associated with coincident SNPs but is instead driven by base composition bias around CpG dinucleotides. As a result, we suggest that cryptic variation in the mutation rate is truly cryptic, in the sense that the mutation rate does not appear to depend on any specific primary sequence context. Furthermore, we propose that the patterns around CpG dinucleotides are driven by the mutability of CpG dinucleotides in different DNA contexts. We also show that the genomic distribution of coincident SNPs is nonuniform and that there are some subtle differences between the distributions of single and coincident SNPs. Furthermore, we identify regions that contain high numbers of coincident SNPs and suggest that one in particular, a region containing the gene PRIM2, may be under balancing selection