La notion de service public

La notion de « service public » relève d’une histoire, d’origines multiples et revêt des significations diverses qu’il convient de démêler car, au lieu de la définition traditionnelle française qui mêle le fonctionnel et l’organique, l’intégration européenne ne retient que la conception fonctionnelle, ce qui amène une véritable révolution copernicienne

Integrating WASH, nutrition and health programmes to tackle malnutrition in Eastern Chad

While more and more research is conducted to assess the impact of WASH related interventions on the health and nutritional status of under-five children, Concern Worldwide is implementing an integrated programme aiming at reducing malnutrition rates in Eastern Chad. This intervention, Community Resilience to Acute Malnutrition (CRAM), involves a high level of coordination between different sectors including WASH, Health and Nutrition, Livelihoods and Disaster Risk Reduction. The present article analyses the preliminary results of this programme. It assesses the impact of the WASH intervention on the prevalence of diarrhoea and on Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) and Global Acute Malnutrition (GAM)rates. Although the GAM rate rose from 12.9% to 13.9%, the SAM rate decreased from 3% to 2.5% and the number of cases of diarrhoea was significantly reduced during the rainy season in 2014.This paper shows that while more research is needed, the preliminary results are encouraging

Achieving sustainability: linking CLTS with other approaches - an example of a thorough WASH intervention in South Eastern Chad

Building resilience in a context regularly affected by crises requires innovative approaches both in terms of activities and programme management. In Sila region in Chad, a full WASH intervention has been implemented based on an iterative process of analysing the successes and failures of the programme while activities are still on-going. Barrier analysis has proven to be a strong complement to CLTS and PHAST interventions. Mixing the three approaches has resulted in significant gains in sanitation coverage and has prompted a mid-project adjustment of activities in order to target specific areas of continuing concern: access to safe water at the point of use and hand washing with soap. By performing regular analyses, the team was able to achieve better results in terms of identifying what is working well and adapting what is not, which has led to communities adopting new hygiene practices and increasing the use of WASH facilities

Biomechanics for inclusive urban design : effects of tactile paving on older adults’ gait when crossing the street

In light of our ageing population it is important that the urban environment is easily accessible and hence supports older adults’ independence. Tactile ‘blister’ paving was originally designed to provide guidance for visually impaired people at pedestrian crossings. However, as research links irregular surfaces to falls in older adults, such paving may have an adverse effect on older people. We investigated the effects of tactile paving on older adults’ gait in a scenario closely resembling “crossing the street”. Gait analysis of 32 healthy older adults showed that tactile, as compared to smooth, paving increases the variability in timing of foot placement by 20%, thereby indicating a disturbance of the rhythmic gait pattern. Moreover, toe-clearance during the swing phase increased by 7% on tactile paving, and the ability to stop upon cue from the traffic light was compromised. These results need to be viewed under consideration of the limitations associated with laboratory studies and real world analysis is needed to fully understand their implications for urban design

TIP47 is required for the production of infectious HIV-1 particles from primary macrophages

International audiencen.

Expanding Transformative Experience

We develop a broader, more fine-grained taxonomy of forms of transformative experience, inspired by the work of L. A. Paul. Our vulnerability to such experiences arises, we argue, due to the vulnerability, dependence, and affliction intrinsic to the human condition. We use this trio to distinguish a variety of positively, negatively, and ambivalently valenced forms of epistemically and/or personally transformative experiences. Moreover, we argue that many transformative experiences can arise gradually and cumulatively, unfolding over the course of longer periods of time

Table ronde« Qu’est-ce qui fait bouger les services publics ? »(UFR INFOCOM – 6 avril 2000)

Les discours qui eurent lieu lors de la table ronde "Qu'est-ce qui fait bouger les services publics?" organisée à l'UFR INFOCOM de l'Université de Lille 3 en partenariat avec l'association "Réseau de service public du Nord-Pas-de-Calais" sont ici retranscrits. Quatre sujet sont abordés autour de la notion d'usager des services publics : l'amélioration de l'accueil de l'usager aux services fiscaux du Nord-Lille, l'acceuil à la Mairie de Douai, le forum-douleur de l'hôpital de Douai et l'usager au coeur de la modernisation

On the very idea of criteria for personhood

I examine the familiar criterial view of personhood, according to which the possession of personal properties such as self-consciousness, emotionality, sentience, and so forth is necessary and sufficient for the status of a person. I argue that this view confuses criteria for personhood with parts of an ideal of personhood. In normal cases, we have already identified a creature as a person before we start looking for it to manifest the personal properties, indeed this pre-identification is part of what makes it possible for us to see and interpret the creature as a person in the first place. This pre-identification is typically based on biological features. Except in some interesting special or science-fiction cases, some of which I discuss, it is human animals that we identify as persons