361 research outputs found
A catalogue of the Chandra Deep Field South with multi-colour classification and photometric redshifts from COMBO-17
We present the COMBO-17 object catalogue of the Chandra Deep Field South for
public use, covering a field which is 31.5' x 30' in size. This catalogue lists
astrometry, photometry in 17 passbands from 350 to 930 nm, and ground-based
morphological data for 63,501 objects. The catalogue also contains multi-colour
classification into the categories 'Star', 'Galaxy' and 'Quasar' as well as
photometric redshifts. We include restframe luminosities in Johnson, SDSS and
Bessell passbands and estimated errors. The redshifts are most reliable at
R<24, where the sample contains approximately 100 quasars, 1000 stars and 10000
galaxies. We use nearly 1000 spectroscopically identified objects in
conjunction with detailed simulations to characterize the performance of
COMBO-17. We show that the selection of quasars, more generally type-1 AGN, is
nearly complete and minimally contaminated at z=[0.5,5] for luminosities above
M_B=-21.7. Their photometric redshifts are accurate to roughly 5000 km/sec.
Galaxy redshifts are accurate to 1% in dz/(1+z) at R<21. They degrade in
quality for progressively fainter galaxies, reaching accuracies of 2% for
galaxies with R~222 and of 10% for galaxies with R>24. The selection of stars
is complete to R~23, and deeper for M stars. We also present an updated
discussion of our classification technique with maps of survey completeness,
and discuss possible failures of the statistical classification in the faint
regime at R>24.Comment: submitted to Astronomy & Astrophysics, public data set available at
http://www.mpia.de/COMBO/combo_index.htm
Role of Self-Stigma in Pathways from HIV-Related Stigma to Quality of Life among People Living with HIV
Funding Information: This study was supported by Viiv Healthcare, Gilead, and Aidsfonds (research Grant Number AF-P.42601). The funders had no role in decisions regarding the study design, data analysis, or publication. Acknowledgments We extend our gratitude to all PLHIV who completed the survey. We further thank the HIV specialist nurses and doctors at OLVG hospital for their effort in recruiting patients to complete the surveys.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
The Multiwavelength Survey by Yale-Chile (MUSYC): Deep Medium-Band optical imaging and high quality 32-band photometric redshifts in the ECDF-S
We present deep optical 18-medium-band photometry from the Subaru telescope
over the ~30' x 30' Extended Chandra Deep Field-South (ECDF-S), as part of the
Multiwavelength Survey by Yale-Chile (MUSYC). This field has a wealth of
ground- and space-based ancillary data, and contains the GOODS-South field and
the Hubble Ultra Deep Field. We combine the Subaru imaging with existing
UBVRIzJHK and Spitzer IRAC images to create a uniform catalog. Detecting
sources in the MUSYC BVR image we find ~40,000 galaxies with R_AB<25.3, the
median 5 sigma limit of the 18 medium bands. Photometric redshifts are
determined using the EAZY code and compared to ~2000 spectroscopic redshifts in
this field. The medium band filters provide very accurate redshifts for the
(bright) subset of galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts, particularly at 0.1 <
z 3.5. For 0.1 < z < 1.2, we find a 1 sigma scatter in \Delta
z/(1+z) of 0.007, similar to results obtained with a similar filter set in the
COSMOS field. As a demonstration of the data quality, we show that the red
sequence and blue cloud can be cleanly identified in rest-frame color-magnitude
diagrams at 0.1 < z < 1.2. We find that ~20% of the red-sequence-galaxies show
evidence of dust-emission at longer rest-frame wavelengths. The reduced images,
photometric catalog, and photometric redshifts are provided through the public
MUSYC website.Comment: 19 pages, 14 image
A latent trait look at pretest-posttest validation of criterion-referenced test items
Since Cox and Vargas (1966) introduced their pretest-posttest validity index for criterion-referenced test items, a great number of additions and modifications have followed. All are based on the idea of gain scoring; that is, they are computed from the differences between proportions of pretest and posttest item responses. Although the method is simple and generally considered as the prototype of criterion-referenced item analysis, it has many and serious disadvantages. Some of these go back to the fact that it leads to indices based on a dual test administration- and population-dependent item p values. Others have to do with the global information about the discriminating power that these indices provide, the implicit weighting they suppose, and the meaningless maximization of posttest scores they lead to. Analyzing the pretest-posttest method from a latent trait point of view, it is proposed to replace indices like Cox and Vargasâ Dpp by an evaluation of the item information function for the mastery score. An empirical study was conducted to compare the differences in item selection between both methods
Quasars and their host galaxies
This review attempts to describe developments in the fields of quasar and
quasar host galaxies in the past five. In this time period, the Sloan and 2dF
quasar surveys have added several tens of thousands of quasars, with Sloan
quasars being found to z>6. Obscured, or partially obscured quasars have begun
to be found in significant numbers. Black hole mass estimates for quasars, and
our confidence in them, have improved significantly, allowing a start on
relating quasar properties such as radio jet power to fundamental parameters of
the quasar such as black hole mass and accretion rate. Quasar host galaxy
studies have allowed us to find and characterize the host galaxies of quasars
to z>2. Despite these developments, many questions remain unresolved, in
particular the origin of the close relationship between black hole mass and
galaxy bulge mass/velocity dispersion seen in local galaxies.Comment: Review article, to appear in Astrophysics Update
Dolutegravir/Lamivudine Is Noninferior to Continuing Dolutegravir- and Non-Dolutegravir-Based Triple-Drug Antiretroviral Therapy in Virologically Suppressed People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus:DUALING Prospective Nationwide Matched Cohort Study
Background. Confirming the efficacy of dolutegravir/lamivudine in clinical practice solidifies recommendations on its use. Methods. Prospective cohort study (DUALING) in 24 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment centers in the Netherlands. HIV RNAâsuppressed cases were on triple-drug antiretroviral regimens without prior virological failure or resistance and started dolutegravir/lamivudine. Cases were 1:2 matched to controls on triple-drug antiretroviral regimens by the use of dolutegravir-based regimens, age, sex, transmission route, CD4+ T-cell nadir, and HIV RNA zenith. The primary endpoint was the treatment failure rate in cases versus controls at 1 year by intention-to-treat and on-treatment analyses with 5% noninferiority margin. Results. The 2040 participants were 680 cases and 1380 controls. Treatment failure in the 390 dolutegravir-based cases versus controls occurred in 8.72% and 12.50% (difference: â3.78% [95% confidence interval {CI}, â7.49% to .08%]) by intention-to-treat and 1.39% and 0.80% (difference: 0.59% [95% CI, â.80% to 1.98%]) by on-treatment analyses. The treatment failure risk in 290 non-dolutegravir-based cases was also noninferior to controls. Antiretroviral regimen modifications unrelated to virological failure explained the higher treatment failure rate by intention-to-treat. A shorter time on triple-drug antiretroviral therapy and being of non-Western origin was associated with treatment failure. Treatment failure, defined as 2 consecutive HIV RNA >50 copies/mL, occurred in 4 cases and 5 controls but without genotypic resistance detected. Viral blips occured comparable in cases and controls but cases gained more weight, especially when tenofovir-based regimens were discontinued. Conclusions. In routine care, dolutegravir/lamivudine was noninferior to continuing triple-drug antiretroviral regimens after 1 year, supporting the use of dolutegravir/lamivudine in clinical practice.</p
Dolutegravir/Lamivudine Is Noninferior to Continuing Dolutegravir- and Non-Dolutegravir-Based Triple-Drug Antiretroviral Therapy in Virologically Suppressed People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus:DUALING Prospective Nationwide Matched Cohort Study
Background. Confirming the efficacy of dolutegravir/lamivudine in clinical practice solidifies recommendations on its use. Methods. Prospective cohort study (DUALING) in 24 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment centers in the Netherlands. HIV RNAâsuppressed cases were on triple-drug antiretroviral regimens without prior virological failure or resistance and started dolutegravir/lamivudine. Cases were 1:2 matched to controls on triple-drug antiretroviral regimens by the use of dolutegravir-based regimens, age, sex, transmission route, CD4+ T-cell nadir, and HIV RNA zenith. The primary endpoint was the treatment failure rate in cases versus controls at 1 year by intention-to-treat and on-treatment analyses with 5% noninferiority margin. Results. The 2040 participants were 680 cases and 1380 controls. Treatment failure in the 390 dolutegravir-based cases versus controls occurred in 8.72% and 12.50% (difference: â3.78% [95% confidence interval {CI}, â7.49% to .08%]) by intention-to-treat and 1.39% and 0.80% (difference: 0.59% [95% CI, â.80% to 1.98%]) by on-treatment analyses. The treatment failure risk in 290 non-dolutegravir-based cases was also noninferior to controls. Antiretroviral regimen modifications unrelated to virological failure explained the higher treatment failure rate by intention-to-treat. A shorter time on triple-drug antiretroviral therapy and being of non-Western origin was associated with treatment failure. Treatment failure, defined as 2 consecutive HIV RNA >50 copies/mL, occurred in 4 cases and 5 controls but without genotypic resistance detected. Viral blips occured comparable in cases and controls but cases gained more weight, especially when tenofovir-based regimens were discontinued. Conclusions. In routine care, dolutegravir/lamivudine was noninferior to continuing triple-drug antiretroviral regimens after 1 year, supporting the use of dolutegravir/lamivudine in clinical practice.</p
Local Supermassive Black Holes, Relics of Active Galactic Nuclei and the X-ray Background
We quantify the importance of mass accretion during AGN phases in the growth
of supermassive black holes (BH) by comparing the mass function of black holes
in the local universe with that expected from AGN relics, which are black holes
grown entirely with mass accretion during AGN phases. The local BH mass
function (BHMF) is estimated by applying the well-known correlations between BH
mass, bulge luminosity and stellar velocity dispersion to galaxy luminosity and
velocity functions. The density of BH's in the local universe is 4.6 (-1.4;
+1.9) (h/0.7)^2 10^5 Msun Mpc^-3. The relic BHMF is derived from the continuity
equation with the only assumption that AGN activity is due to accretion onto
massive BH's and that merging is not important. We find that the relic BHMF at
z=0 is generated mainly at z<3. Moreover, the BH growth is anti-hierarchical in
the sense that smaller BH's (MBH< 10^7 Msun) grow at lower redshifts (z<1) with
respect to more massive one's (z~1-3). Unlike previous work, we find that the
BHMF of AGN relics is perfectly consistent with the local BHMF indicating the
local BH's were mainly grown during AGN activity. This agreement is obtained
while satisfying, at the same time, the constraints imposed from the X-ray
background. The comparison with the local BHMF also suggests that the merging
process is not important in shaping the relic BHMF, at least at low redshifts
(z<3). Our analysis thus suggests the following scenario: local black holes
grew during AGN phases in which accreting matter was converted into radiation
with efficiencies epsilon = 0.04-0.16 and emitted at a fraction lambda =
0.1-1.7 of the Eddington luminosity. The average total lifetime of these active
phases ranges from ~4.5 10^8 yr for MBH
10^9 Msun. (abridged)Comment: 19 pages, 18 figures, MNRAS in press, minor changes following
referee's comment
- âŠ