From creativity to innovation:Understanding and improving the evaluation and selection of ideas in educational settings

Creativity gives students the ability to generate novel and useful ideas for complex problems, but generating creative ideas alone is not enough to solve complex problems. It requires that students are able to evaluate their own and others’ ideas, select ideas to develop further, and abandon those that are unlikely to be successful. However, prior research has shown that students do not recognize creative ideas and have a tendency to reject highly creative ideas, and are more likely to select ideas that are consistent with social norms, and easy to understand. The aim of this thesis is to investigate whether the evaluation and selection of ideas can be improved in educational settings. The research found that students’ ability to evaluate creativity in products depends strongly on their discipline. Furthermore, by exposing students to the task before evaluating others’ ideas they become better able to recognize the creative and original ideas. However, students discard original ideas immediately when they know that they have to implement those ideas

Estudio del sistema de agronegocios del jabalí en Argentina : antecedentes y situación actual desde la perspectiva de los negocios agroalimentarios

La carne de jabalí es apreciada por sus características organolépticas y nutricionales. El principal consumidor es Europa (Italia, Alemania y Francia) , seguido por Japón. En Argentina, esta especie se adaptó en gran parte del territorio y a diferentes situaciones ecológicas. Asimismo, la crianza en cautiverio, aprovechamiento, elaboración, distribución, precios y características nutricionales no son de amplio conocimiento. El propósito de este trabajo es realizar un diagnóstico del sistema de agronegocios del jabalí en Argentina a fin de identificar los puntos fuertes y débiles y a partir de allí, proponer acciones para dar soluciones a las problemáticas actuales. Se utiliza como metodología el abordaje de la epistemología fenomenológica y el método EPESA, lo cual permite contar con abordaje amplio y sistémico del agronegocio bajo análisis. También, se utiliza el marco teórico de la nueva economía institucional, siguiendo el abordaje de Joskow y sus tres vías de aproximación. Si bien es una producción que posee ventajas comparativas (clima, suelo, extensión, alimento) que permitirían el desarrollo productivo y comercial del sistema, se observa que la informalidad limita la implementación de planteos productivos con mayores niveles de tecnología, registros y datos genéticos, lo que imposibilita la exportación. Por otra parte, existe un problema de reglamentaciones con respecto a la faena, dado que debe ser aprobada por FAUNA y por SENASA, teniendo distintos requerimientos y tiempos de carga y transporte. Esto genera incompatibilidades para la comercialización formal, incentivando a transacciones ilegales, baja transparencia, oportunismo ex ante y ex post de las transacciones y altos costos de transacción. Dado este ambiente de negocios descripto, las empresas bajo estudio en general trabajan con nichos de mercado y no tienen un panorama de ampliación productiva y comercial. Por tanto, la mejora del ambiente institucional es la primera acción a seguir a fin de vencer las limitaciones mencionadas

'Het beste uit studenten': onderzoek naar de werking van het Sirius Programma om excellentie in het hoger onderwijs te bevorderen

Item does not contain fulltext185 p

Excellentie in het hoger onderwijs: Selectie, effectiviteit en uitstralingseffecten

Item does not contain fulltextIn het afgelopen decennium is binnen het hoger onderwijs in Nederland geleidelijk meer aandacht gekomen voor verschillen tussen studenten en de vraag hoe het onderwijs daarop goed kan inspelen. Door differentiatie - het bieden van variëteit in de inhoud, de vorm en het niveau - kan het onderwijs beter op studenten worden afgestemd. Excellentieonderwijs is onderwijs gericht op studenten die zich in het reguliere onderwijs te weinig uitgedaagd voelen. Hiermee wordt het vizier scherper dan voorheen gericht op studenten die meer dan gemiddeld gemotiveerd en getalenteerd zijn.13 p

Excellentieonderwijs: Selectie van studenten en individuele effecten

Item does not contain fulltextIn de periode van medio oktober 2015 tot december 2019 hebben wij onderzoek gedaan naar de effecten van excellentieonderwijs in het Nederlandse hoger onderwijs. Dit onderzoek was onderdeel van het onderzoeksprogramma Excellentie van het Nationaal Regieorgaan Onderwijsonderzoek. In dit rapport presenteren wij twee deelstudies van het bredere onderzoek naar excellentieonderwijs, namelijk op het gebied van (1) selectie van studenten voor excellentieonderwijs, en (2) individuele effecten van deelname aan excellentieonderwijs. De andere deelstudies binnen dit bredere onderzoek (namelijk over uitstralingseffecten van excellentieonderwijs op het reguliere onderwijs en op de reguliere organisatie, en over het werkgeversperspectief op excellentieonderwijs) worden besproken in separate rapporten. Een gezamenlijke korte samenvatting over alle deelstudies binnen dit bredere onderzoek naar excellentieonderwijs wordt even-eens gepresenteerd in een afzonderlijke bijdrage.126 p

Development and Validation of a Risk Score for Chronic Kidney Disease in HIV Infection Using Prospective Cohort Data from the D:A:D Study

Ristola M. on työryhmien DAD Study Grp ; Royal Free Hosp Clin Cohort ; INSIGHT Study Grp ; SMART Study Grp ; ESPRIT Study Grp jäsen.Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health issue for HIV-positive individuals, associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Development and implementation of a risk score model for CKD would allow comparison of the risks and benefits of adding potentially nephrotoxic antiretrovirals to a treatment regimen and would identify those at greatest risk of CKD. The aims of this study were to develop a simple, externally validated, and widely applicable long-term risk score model for CKD in HIV-positive individuals that can guide decision making in clinical practice. Methods and Findings A total of 17,954 HIV-positive individuals from the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) study with >= 3 estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values after 1 January 2004 were included. Baseline was defined as the first eGFR > 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 after 1 January 2004; individuals with exposure to tenofovir, atazanavir, atazanavir/ritonavir, lopinavir/ritonavir, other boosted protease inhibitors before baseline were excluded. CKD was defined as confirmed (>3 mo apart) eGFR In the D:A:D study, 641 individuals developed CKD during 103,185 person-years of follow-up (PYFU; incidence 6.2/1,000 PYFU, 95% CI 5.7-6.7; median follow-up 6.1 y, range 0.3-9.1 y). Older age, intravenous drug use, hepatitis C coinfection, lower baseline eGFR, female gender, lower CD4 count nadir, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) predicted CKD. The adjusted incidence rate ratios of these nine categorical variables were scaled and summed to create the risk score. The median risk score at baseline was -2 (interquartile range -4 to 2). There was a 1: 393 chance of developing CKD in the next 5 y in the low risk group (risk score = 5, 505 events), respectively. Number needed to harm (NNTH) at 5 y when starting unboosted atazanavir or lopinavir/ritonavir among those with a low risk score was 1,702 (95% CI 1,166-3,367); NNTH was 202 (95% CI 159-278) and 21 (95% CI 19-23), respectively, for those with a medium and high risk score. NNTH was 739 (95% CI 506-1462), 88 (95% CI 69-121), and 9 (95% CI 8-10) for those with a low, medium, and high risk score, respectively, starting tenofovir, atazanavir/ritonavir, or another boosted protease inhibitor. The Royal Free Hospital Clinic Cohort included 2,548 individuals, of whom 94 individuals developed CKD (3.7%) during 18,376 PYFU (median follow-up 7.4 y, range 0.3-12.7 y). Of 2,013 individuals included from the SMART/ESPRIT control arms, 32 individuals developed CKD (1.6%) during 8,452 PYFU (median follow-up 4.1 y, range 0.6-8.1 y). External validation showed that the risk score predicted well in these cohorts. Limitations of this study included limited data on race and no information on proteinuria. Conclusions Both traditional and HIV-related risk factors were predictive of CKD. These factors were used to develop a risk score for CKD in HIV infection, externally validated, that has direct clinical relevance for patients and clinicians to weigh the benefits of certain antiretrovirals against the risk of CKD and to identify those at greatest risk of CKD.Peer reviewe