L’acte de crédit en Poitou au XVIe siècle

Les archives notariales regorgent d’actes de crédit. Derrière ces transactions financières se dessinent, en filigrane, des rapports sociaux. Quel est le rôle et l’usage des actes de crédit dans la société du XVIe siècle ? Le présent article entend montrer, à partir des archives notariales de Saint-Maixent, en Poitou, que l’acte de crédit est à la fin du XVIe siècle davantage un instrument de pouvoir sur les hommes qu’une véritable source de revenus.Notarial archives are full of credit documents. Behind these financial transactions are concealed social relations. What are the role and use of credit instruments in the society of the sixteenth century? This article, based on the notarial archives of Saint-Maixent in Poitou, shows that at the end of the sixteenth century, credit documents represent more an instrument of power over men than a real source of revenue

L’acte de crédit en Poitou au XVIe siècle

Les archives notariales regorgent d’actes de crédit. Derrière ces transactions financières se dessinent, en filigrane, des rapports sociaux. Quel est le rôle et l’usage des actes de crédit dans la société du XVIe siècle ? Le présent article entend montrer, à partir des archives notariales de Saint-Maixent, en Poitou, que l’acte de crédit est à la fin du XVIe siècle davantage un instrument de pouvoir sur les hommes qu’une véritable source de revenus.Notarial archives are full of credit documents. Behind these financial transactions are concealed social relations. What are the role and use of credit instruments in the society of the sixteenth century? This article, based on the notarial archives of Saint-Maixent in Poitou, shows that at the end of the sixteenth century, credit documents represent more an instrument of power over men than a real source of revenue

Thermochemistry of a New Class of Materials Containing Dinitrogen Pairs in an Oxide Matrix

International audienceA series of N 2 -containing perovskite phases was prepared in the La-(Ba)-Ti-O system in order to study the dinitrogen retention phenomenon from a thermochemical viewpoint. High-temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry was undertaken to determine the energetics of the corresponding startingoxynitrides, intermediate phases, and oxides. Calorimetric results show that nitrogen is weakly bound within the oxide matrix and most of the enthalpy of oxidation of the intermediate phase is devoted to its structure change between the starting perovskite structure and the formation of a layered-perovskiteLa2Ti2O7 oxide

Exploring the potential of gold(iii) cyclometallated compounds as cytotoxic agents: variations on the C^N theme

A series of novel ((CN)-N-boolean AND) cyclometallated Au(III) complexes of general formula [Au(py(b)-H)(LL2)-L-1](n+) (py(b)-H = (CN)-N-boolean AND cyclometallated 2-benzylpyridine, L-1 and L-2 being chlorido, phosphane or glucosethiolato ligands, n = 0 or 1) have been synthesized and fully characterized using different techniques, including NMR, IR and far-IR, mass spectrometry, as well as elemental analysis. The crystal structure of one compound has been solved using X-ray diffraction methods. All compounds were tested in vitro in five human cancer cell lines including the lung, breast, colon and ovarian cancer cells. For comparison purposes, all compounds were also tested in a model of healthy human cells from the embryonic kidney. Notably, all new compounds were more toxic than their cyclometallated precursor bearing two chlorido ligands, and the derivative bearing one phosphane ligand presented the most promising toxicity profile in our in vitro screening, displaying a p53 dependent activity in colorectal cancer HCT116 cells. Finally, for the first time (CN)-N-boolean AND cyclometallated gold(III) complexes were shown to be potent inhibitors of the zinc finger protein PARP-1, involved in the mechanism of cisplatin resistance

Neutrino detection of transient sources with optical follow-up observations

The ANTARES telescope has the opportunity to detect transient neutrino sources, such as gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), core-collapse supernovae (SNe), flares of active galactic nuclei (AGNs)... To enhance the sensitivity to these sources, we are developing a new detection method based on the observation of neutrino bursts followed by an optical detection. The ANTARES Collaboration is implementing a fast on-line event reconstruction with a good angular resolution. These characteristics allow to trigger an optical telescope network in order to identify the nature of the neutrinos (and high energy cosmic-rays) sources. This follow-up can be done with a network of small automatic telescopes and required a small observation time. An optical follow-up of special events, such as neutrino doublets in coincidence in time and space or single neutrino having a very high energy, would not only give access to the nature of the sources but also improve the sensitivity for neutrino detection from SNe or GRBs.Comment: 4 pages, proceeding for the SF2A general assembly June 200

Εισοδηματικές ανισότητες και φιλανθρωπία

<p>All variables were kriged on different variogram models depending on the data (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0044155#pone-0044155-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>). Geometrical scales were used to maximize the visualization of both gradients and the patchiness of the different variables. Mollusk maps are at different scales to account for the discrepancy in the data between the 2 samplings. <b>A, B</b>: Chl <i>a</i> concentration (µg.L⁻¹); <b>C, D</b>: SPiM amount (mg.L⁻¹). <b>E, F</b>: Bottom mean current velocities and direction at the 2 sampling periods, calculated by the MARS-3D hydrodynamic model.</p

Carbon Dynamics Along the Seine River Network: Insight From a Coupled Estuarine/River Modeling Approach

The Seine river discharges over 700 Gg of carbon (C) every year into the sea mostly under the form of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and emits 445 Gg under the form of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere over its entire river network. The watershed, which drains 76,000 km2, is heavily populated with 18 106 inhabitants and is thus submitted to large anthropic pressure. The offline coupling of two Reactive Transport Models is used to understand the complex spatial and temporal dynamics of carbon, oxygen and nutrients and quantify the CO2 exchange at the air-water interface along the main axis of the river. The estuarine section of the Seine is simulated by the generic estuarine model C-GEM (for Carbon Generic Estuarine Model), while the upstream part of the network, devoid of tidal influence is simulated by the pyNuts-Riverstrahler modeling platform which also includes an explicit representation of the drainage network ecological functioning. Our simulations provide a process-based representation of nutrients, oxygen, total organic carbon (TOC) and the carbonate system (DIC and alkalinity) over the entire year 2010. Our coupled modeling chain allows quantifying the respective contributions of the estuarine and freshwater sections of the system in the removal of carbon as well as following the fate of TOC and DIC along the river network. Our results also allow calculating an integrated carbon budget of the Seine river network for year 2010

Estimating Redshifts for Long Gamma-Ray Bursts

We are constructing a program to estimate the redshifts for GRBs from the original Swift light curves and spectra, aiming to get redshifts for the Swift bursts \textit{without} spectroscopic or photometric redshifts. We derive the luminosity indicators from the light curves and spectra of each burst, including the lag time between low and high photon energy light curves, the variability of the light curve, the peak energy of the spectrum, the number of peaks in the light curve, and the minimum rise time of the peaks. These luminosity indicators can each be related directly to the luminosity, and we combine their independent luminosities into one weighted average. Then with our combined luminosity value, the observed burst peak brightness, and the concordance redshift-distance relation, we can derive the redshift for each burst. In this paper, we test the accuracy of our method on 107 bursts with known spectroscopic redshift. The reduced $\chi^2$ of our best redshifts ($z_{best}$) compared with known spectroscopic redshifts ($z_{spec}$) is 0.86, and the average value of $log_{10}(z_{best}/z_{spec})$ is 0.01, with this indicating that our error bars are good and our estimates are not biased. The RMS scatter of $log_{10}(z_{best}/z_{spec})$ is 0.26. For Swift bursts measured over a relatively narrow energy band, the uncertainty in determining the peak energy is one of the main restrictions on our accuracy. Although the accuracy of our $z_{best}$ values are not as good as that of spectroscopic redshifts, it is very useful for demographic studies, as our sample is nearly complete and the redshifts do not have the severe selection effects associated with optical spectroscopy.Comment: The Astrophysical Journal accepte