268 research outputs found
Noms d’événement en espagnol: classement et proprietés
Este trabajo constituye un
estudio de los nombres de evento. Se
propone que deben ser divididos en dos
clases, puros y trasladados, tales que los
primeros siempre rechazan denotar un
objeto efectuado o un resultado. Se
exploran sus propiedades gramaticales y
se muestra que han de ser distinguidos
nítidamente de los nombres no eventivos
que expresan temporalidad, por un lado,
y de las nominalizaciones deverbales,
por otro. El trabajo destaca también el
hecho de que todos los nombres de
evento, puros o trasladados, deben ser
contables; esta generalización tiene
consecuencias teóricas a favor de no
tratar la semántica y la sintaxis como
niveles independientes uno de otr
Una nota sobre la variación morfológica: las nominalizaciones en -dera en español
In this article we study a word formation process that involves the suffix -dera in some variaties of American Spanish, where it can give rise to event nouns with a meaning of intensity. After presenting its precise dialectal distribution and its semantic role, we contend that this process is related with the highly productive participial nominalizations in American Spanish, and, thus, that this case of morphological variation needs to be reduced to a more basic phenomenon
Diminutives as heads or specifiers: the mapping between syntax and phonology
This article provides evidence for an analysis where the properties of lexical exponents
are determined by the position they occupy in the structure and the con!guration
they establish with other items. It is argued that cross-linguistically and inter-linguistically,
an item that can be introduced as a head or as a speci!er displays syntactic,
semantic and phonological properties that can be fully accounted for in the con!guration.
"e study concentrates on the case of diminutives in Spanish, German and
Czech. We show, through di#erent tests, that diminutives can be introduced as heads,
in which case they form a Command Unit with the noun or adjective with which they
combine, and can therefore change the semantic and grammatical properties of that
base and phonologically integrate with it. In other cases they are introduced as speci!er,
so that when phrasal movement of the base takes place they belong to di#erent
Command Units; in such cases they do not select for the base, they do not change its
semantic or grammatical properties and they are not phonologically integrated with
it. We argue that this account is superior to an analysis that uses any procedure where
single lexical items are associated with sets of arbitrarily related properties
On Spanish Prepositional Prefixes and the Cartography of Prepositions
Despite its potential appeal, the possibility of analyzing prefixes as prepositions (and thus as syntactic objects) faces several problems related with selection, headedness and semantic isomorphism. In this article, I try to understand and solve these problems. I focus on prefixed nouns, and more specifically on the fact that some of them have their bases interpreted as grounds (precoma, 'something before a coma'), while others have them interpreted as figures (pre-cognition, 'cognition before something'). I will propose that in the structures where the base can be interpreted as figure or ground the prefix is a very low prepositional modifier of the noun and the two readings depend on the interpretation of a pronominal category introduced by the preposition. This configuration is forced by the absence of a functional category from the preposition's structure; when independent conditions force this functional category to be present, the figure reading is impossible and the prefix behaves as a preposition.Malgrat que és inicialment atractiva, l'anàlisi dels prefixos com a preposicions (i, doncs, com a objectes sintàctics), causa diversos problemes relacionats amb la selecció, la natura del nucli i l'isomorfisme semàntic. En aquest article abordem aquests problemes. Ens concentrem en els noms prefixats, i més exactament en el fet que n'hi ha que interpreten la base com a fons (pre- coma), mentre que d'altres la interpreten com a figura (precognició). Proposem que a les estruc- tures on la base pot interpretar-se com a fons o com a figura el prefix és un SP introduït com a modificador i que pren una categoria pronominal com a complement, mentre que en els casos on la lectura de figura és obligatòria el prefix és un Sp que té els efectes sintàctics propis de una pre- posició plena. La segona configuració és obligatòria quan hi ha certes condicions, que s'exploren en detall a l'article
Rising possessors in Spanish
In this paper we propose that some nominal structures involve rising of a
possessive pronoun from a lower, defective nominal domain to a structure headed by
a noun with which they do not hold any direct semantic relation. The conditions
under which this operation can take place are explored. It can only happen when the
lower domain is severely impoverished; it is introduced by a weak preposition that
does not define a phase and when the PP is selected by the head noun as its
complement.Este trabajo propone que algunas estructuras nominales tienen instancias
de ascenso de un pronombre posesivo desde un dominio nominal defectivo hasta una
estructura más alta, encabezada por un nombre con el que no guarda relación
semántica. Esto puede suceder solo cuando se cumplen ciertos requisitos sintácticos,
entre ellos que el dominio nominal bajo sea radicalmente defectivo y esté
introducido por una preposición débil, incapaz de definir una fase, que el sustantivo
más alto toma como argumento interno.Neste artigo propomos que algumas estruturas nominais envolvem a
subida de um pronome possessivo de um domínio nominal defectivo mais baixo
para uma estrutura encabeçada por um nome com o qual não possuem qualquer
relação semântica directa. As condições sob as quais esta operação pode tomar lugar
são exploradas: apenas ocorre quando um domínio mais baixo é severamente
empobrecido, é introduzido por uma preposição fraca que não define a fase e quando
o SP é seleccionado pelo núcleo nominal como seu complemento
(Axial) Parts and Wholes
In this article I identify some Spanish words as AxParts (Svenonius 2006) and I discuss their properties, some of which have already been noted in the previous literature. I show that there are three characteristics of these elements that contrast with English AxParts, and I provide an analysis that allows a unified analysis of AxParts in Spanish and English by deriving all three differences from the same independent property: the syntactic representation of part-whole relationships. A second contribution of this article is that I argue that the difference between two series of AxParts that have been identified in Spanish follow naturally if the members of one of the series select a DP as their ground, while those of the second series take a phonologically empty pronoun
Ideología y movimientos culturales: una nota sobre su influencia en la actividad lingüística
Una vista de pájaro sobre los movimientos culturales en Latinoamérica y su recepción en España nos muestra que se fue pasando progresivamente de cierta preconcepción de que las naciones hispanohablantes de América debían necesariamente aceptar la supremacía cultural de España, fundada en su precedencia histórica, hasta un planteamiento más policéntrico en el que, poco a poco, se iba aceptando la autonomía de las naciones americanas, hasta culminar en el concepto de panhispanismo, que es estándar en nuestros días, al menos sobre el papel. El objetivo de este trabajo es hacer una cala en esta evolución cultural y mostrar cómo se refleja en dos aspectos del estudio de la lengua: el diccionario y la gramática. Más en particular, exploraremos cómo la actividad lingüística de la Real Academia Española y la Asociación de Academias durante el siglo XX y los comienzos del XXI siguió un desarrollo que replica estos cambios culturales, pivotando sobre todo en los conceptos de unidad, diversidad y panhispanismo, que han sido centrales en la historia cultural reciente de Latinoamérica
The Exhaustive Lexicalisation Principle
In this article I revisit the well-known empirical problem of manner of motion verbs with directional complements in Spanish. I present some data that, to my mind, had not received due attention in previous studies and I show that some manner of motion verbs actually allow directionals with the preposition a, while all of them allow them with prepositions like hacia or hasta. I argue that this pattern is due to a principle that states that every syntactic feature must be identified by lexical insertion, the Exhaustive Lexicalisation Principle. The crucial problem with directional complements is that the Spanish preposition a is locative, in contrast with English to, and, therefore, unable to identify the Path feature. Some verbs license the directional with a because they can lexicalise Path altogether with the verb; all verbs can combine with hasta or hacia because these prepositions lexicalise Path. When neither the verb nor the preposition lexicalise the Path, the construction is ungrammatical
Meklenborg Salvesen, Ch. & H. P. Helland (eds.): Challenging clitics
Despite being at the center of many discussions since the 1930s, clitics are still puzzling objects for any theory of natural languages. Great advances have been made in their description, analysis and in assessing the consequences that those analyses have for general linguistic theory, but still there are a number of basic problems about the nature of clitics, the structures built by them and the factors that determine their behaviour that have not been solved to complete satisfaction of all researchers. The articles compiled by Meklenborg Salvesen and Helland in this volume make a significant contribution to the understanding of these questions, but more importantly still, raise new questions and problems.The puzzling behaviour of clitics is best summarised in this famous quote from Sapir (1930: 70–71), discussing the nature of pronominal enclisis (right-attachment of a clitic to a host, as in Spanish da-me-lo ‘give-me.dat-it.acc, Give it to me’) ..
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